Basic Study Guide for Water Supply

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TCE Consulting Engineers Limited SECTION: TITLE

BASIC STUDY GUIDE FOR WATER TRANSMISSION

AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMSHEET i OF iii

REV. NO. R1 R2 R3 R4

ISSUE

INITIALS SIGN. INITIALS SIGN. INITIALS SIGN. INITIALS SIGN.

PPD. BY SDC Sd/- PLK Sd/- PLK Sd/- SS Sd/-

R4CHD. BY AK Sd/- AAS Sd/- AAS Sd/- PA Sd/-

APD. BY RDD Sd/- RBG Sd/- JPH Sd/- SMP Sd/-

DATE 1994-03-28 1997-05-13 2004-05-25 15-10-2009

TCE FORM NO. 020 R3FILE NAME: F020R3.DOC

BASIC STUDY GUIDE

FORWATER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

FILE NAME: M1-CV-155-01-R4.DOC


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TCE Consulting Engineers Limited SECTION:CONTENTS


AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMSHEET ii OF iii


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CONTENTSSR.

NO.TITLE

SH.

NO

1.0 SCOPE 12.0 INPUT PARAMETERS 13.0 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS 44.0 SELECTION PROCESS / ANALYSIS 45.0 OUTPUT PARAMETERS 56.0 REPORT FORMAT 6


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TCE Consulting Engineers Limited SECTION:REV. STATUS


AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMSHEET iii OF iii


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REVISION STATUS SHEET

REV. NO. DATE DESCRIPTION

R1 28-03-1994 Whole write-up is modified suitably.

R2 13-05-1997 Sheet 3 of 7 revised.

R3 25-05-2004 Generally Revised

R4 15-10-2009 Revised as per the latest format with modifications and

additions


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TCE Consulting Engineers Limited SECTION: WRITE-UP


AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMSHEET 1 OF 6


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1.0 SCOPE

This guide deals with the requirements for conducting a basic study for water

transmission and distribution systems. The scope of this study would be

confined to the study of the tree system of supplying water up till sumps and

service reservoirs and the local distribution network supplied by service

reservoirs. It identifies the input data and design parameters that would be

required and the approach to be adopted for the analysis. Instrumentation

and Control Systems are excluded from this study.

2.0 INPUT PARAMETERS

While taking up the basic study, it would be decided as to what

information/data are to be given by the client and/or other agencies and what

information/data are to be generated and/or obtained by TCE. Field studies

and surveys might or would have to be conducted to generate additional

data/information wherever provided for in the scope of services. The following

are the input parameters required for the design of a distribution system.

2.1 POPULATION FORECAST

2.1.1 Population forecasts for the stipulated design period may be obtained based

on data/information provided by client and/or other concerned development

Authorities. In the absence of ready forecasts the same would have to be

freshly worked out. The forecasts should be on an overall basis for the

service area and also for various wards/zones/regions in the proposed

service area.

2.1.2 Population density forecasts for wards/zones and saturation densities for

wards/zones.

2.2 WATER DEMAND

2.2.1 Per capita domestic demand for various categories of housing including

slums. A distinction would be made between private or individual connections

and public stand posts.

2.2.2 Industrial, commercial and public demands - quantum and location.

2.2.3 Distribution network losses.

2.2.4 Fireflow requirement in different areas.


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2.2.5 Any other specific demands: Some of the above demands would be

estimated by conducting field studies as per requirements of a particular TOR

and processing the collected data statistically to reach meaningful

conclusions. Use of private water sources such as wells may have to be

considered before estimating water demands. Water demands would be

normally worked out for 100% satisfaction at consumer level. In the case of

paucity of sources, water allocation would have to be considered.

2.3 SOURCES

The study of sources and their reliability is not covered by this basic study.

However, the selection of the transmission and the distribution systems may

depend upon the source parameters. Following information therefore would

be collected.

2.3.1 Feasible sources, location and yield from each source. Levels at which water

could be drawn.

2.3.2 Availabi lity of alternate routes for transmission and distribution of water to the

service area by gravity/pumping.

2.3.3 Availability of sites for Intake.

2.3.4 Location of water treatment plant/s.

2.4 EXISTING TRANSMISSION / DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

2.4.1 Drawings of the existing transmission and distribution networks including

locations, heads, pipe sizes and type of control valves and other

appurtenances.

2.4.2 Type/material of existing pipes and their C-values, based on typical field

studies and age and type of pipes as applicable.

2.4.3 Flows in major lines and pressures at major junctions from past records or

from field studies as applicable.

2.4.4 Existing distribution zones and the existing pattern of supply, peak factor from

field studies as applicable.

2.4.5 Details of existing service reservoirs and pumping installations.

2.4.6 Leakage in the existing system from any ready observation data in records or

from sample leakage studies as applicable.


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2.4.7 Details of existing metering system and assessment of their general working

condition.

2.5 GENERAL

2.5.1 Contour plans of area covering sources and the service area.

2.5.2 Probable locations for new service reservoirs / distribution stations.

2.5.3 Land use plans of the service area

2.5.4 Assessment of heights of buildings in various zones for fixing an appropriate

residual head at junctions.

2.5.5 Unit rates of following items of work in the area of work preferably collected

from recent tenders floated by client.

(a) Excavation in soils, rock etc and backfilling

(b) Manufacture and supply of pipes and fittings of different materials and

sizes.

(c) Laying and jointing of pipes and fittings of different materials and sizes

(d) Road reinstatement

(e) Pressure testing of pipes

(f) Reinforced concrete of various grades

(g) Brickwork

(h) General buildings works

(i) Water meters

(j) Various types of valves and fire hydrants

(k) Pumps & Electrical Installation costs for different sizes of Installations per

HP basis

(l) Schedule of electrical energy charges

(m) Commercially available sizes of pipes of different materials

2.5.6 Available reports on the system in operational experience.


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3.0 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

Minimum pressure at junctions of distribution network for 24 hrs/intermittent

supply as applicable.

(a) Minimum junction pressure at peak flow rate

(b) Minimum junction pressure at peak rate coincident with fire flow where

applicable.

3.1 Minimum total cost taking into account capital, operation and maintenancecosts.

3.2 Reliability, simplicity of operation flexibility for future expansion and in case of

emergencies.

4.0 SELECTION PROCESS / ANALYSIS

(a) Identification of alternative water transmission / distribution

arrangements.

(b) Identification of locations of service reservoirs

(c) Assessment of consumption pattern (synthetic or from field studies as

applicable).

(d) The distribution zones and network to be formulated.

(e) Development plan and pattern

4.1 USEFUL SOFTWARE

LOOP - Program developed by the World Bank for simulation,

design and optimization of looped water distribution

networks. The program is free and is in the public

domain. LOOP 4.0 can handle up to 1000 pipes or 750

nodes and allows inclusion of pumps/reservoirs,

existing as well as parallel pipes, check valves,

pressure reducing valves. The program runs in MS

DOS.


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WaterCAD - WaterCAD can work within stand-alone and

MicroStation platforms, with available AutoCAD

inegration to model within CAD environment. It can

provide hydraulic and water quality modeling solution

for water distribution systems. Additional features

include fire flow and constituent concentration analyses,

energy consumption and capital cost management,

WaterGEMS WaterGEMS is a water distribution modeling application

featuring interoperability across stand-alone, ArcGIS,AutoCAD, and MicroStation environments. Additional

features include fire flow and water quality simulations,

energy cost analysis, advanced genetic algorithm

optimization in a flexible multi-platform environment.

Bentley Water Software utilizing GIS for Managing Water Utility Assets

including Facility Creation and Editing, Facility

Management and Network Analysis. Useful for

organizing and integrating information from multiple

sources into water infrastructure design, construction,operations, and maintenance workflows.

4.2 The selection process would consider the optimisation of overall capital and

operation costs along with operational logistics for the entire water supply

system.

5.0 OUTPUT PARAMETERS

5.1 Sources to be utilised

5.2 Hydraulic Potential at the source

5.3 Components of the Transmission system and sizes of pipes

5.4 Residual Head at nodes

5.5 Water Distribution zones, Parameters for Distribution stations

5.6 Preliminary design of zonal distribution systems

5.7 Costs


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6.0 REPORT FORMAT

The report format shall be as per procedure for Preparation of Technical

Reports (TCE.M9-PCS-08)

Basic Study Guide for Water Supply

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