Basic Separation Techniques

12
BY PROF. LIWAYWAY MEMIJE-CRUZ Basic Separation Techniques

Transcript of Basic Separation Techniques

Page 1: Basic Separation Techniques

BY PROF. LIWAYWAY MEMIJE-CRUZ

Basic Separation Techniques

Page 2: Basic Separation Techniques

Classification of Matter

Matter can be classified into two categories: pure substances and mixtures. This classification is based on the internal composition of that matter. Using composition to describe matter is better than using its state, because the internal makeup makes matter unique, and not its phase or state. Example, water (H2O) can be vapor, solid or the usual liquid. This means that scientifically, it is not correct to say water is a liquid, even though we all know that water is usually a liquid.

Page 3: Basic Separation Techniques

Classification of Matter

Page 4: Basic Separation Techniques

Mixtures

formed of little bits of one or more substances mixed together. Usually, the parts can be separated from each other by physical means, because it does not involve any chemical reactions or bonds.

Page 5: Basic Separation Techniques

Types of Mixtures

Page 6: Basic Separation Techniques

Separating Mixtures

Mixtures come in many forms and phases. Most of them can be separated, and the kind of separation method depends on the kind of mixture it is

Page 7: Basic Separation Techniques

Filtration

a more common method of separating an insoluble solid from a liquid. An example of such a mixture is sand and water.

used in water treatment plants, where water from rivers is filtered to remove solid particles.

Page 8: Basic Separation Techniques

Evaporation

great for separating a mixture (solution) of a soluble solid and a solvent.

involves heating the solution until the solvent evaporates (turns into gas) leaving behind the solid residue.

Page 9: Basic Separation Techniques

Simple distillation

best for separating a liquid from a solution. In a way, the concept is similar to evaporation, but in this case, the vapor is collected by condensation. For example, if you want to separate water from a salt solution, simple distillation would be great for this.

Page 10: Basic Separation Techniques

Magnetism

ideal for separating mixtures of two solids with one part having magnetic properties. Some metals like iron, nickel and cobalt have magnetic properties whiles gold, silver and aluminum do not. Magnetic elements are attracted to a magnet.

Page 11: Basic Separation Techniques

Separating funnel

two liquids that do not dissolve very well in each other (immiscible liquids) can be separated by taking advantage of their unequal density. A mixture of oil and water, for example, can be separated by this technique.

Page 12: Basic Separation Techniques

References

http://www.eschooltoday.com/science/elements-mixtures-compounds/what-is-separation-funnel.html

http://amrita.olabs.edu.in/?sub=73&brch=2&sim=96&cnt=1