Basic Seamanship

United States Naval Sea Cadet CorpsRegion 7-1 – Recruit Training

Basic Seamanship


Class Objectives

1. Explain the purpose and characteristics of deck seamanship equipment.

2. Understand Naval Terms and how they relate to the structure of Navy ships.

3. Explain personal actions taken if you see a person fall overboard.


Deck Seamanship Equipment

• Pier• Mooring Lines• Bollards• Bitts• Chocks• Rat guards• Cleats• Fenders

• Lifelines• Anchor• Hawsepipe• Anchor Chain• Anchor Windlass• Brow• Accommodation

Ladder


Pier

A structure extending from land out into the water that provides a mooring for ships.


Mooring Lines

Are used to secured ship to a pier or another ship

When a ship is moored it can be:

– Made fast to a mooring buoy.

– Secured to a pier or another ship with mooring lines.


Bollard

Post on a pier, over which the ship’s mooring line is placed.


Bitts

• A pair of metal posts on the deck of the ship.

• Used mainly to belay (secure) the mooring lines.


Chocks

Fittings on the deck of a ship, through which mooring lines are led. Three Types are:

• Open – open at the top.• Closed – closed by an arch of metal across the top.• Roller – contains rollers to reduce friction.


Seamanship Fact

When a ship is moored, mooring lines run from the bits on the deck, through the chocks, and out to the pier.


Rat GuardsMetal disks that are secured to a mooring line to prevent rats from traveling onto the ship on the mooring lines.


Cleats

Pair of projecting horns, used for belaying line or wire.


Fenders

Cushioning devices used to prevent contact with the ship and pier or another ship.


LifelinesUsed to prevent personnel from falling overboard.

Safety Note:Never Lean on Lifelines!


AnchorA device, dropped by chain, used to prevent or restrict the motion of the ship.

Weight may vary from 30 pounds to 30 tons.


HawespipeGuides the anchor chain through the deck and out the side of the ship.


Anchor Chain

• Metal links that connect the anchor to the ship.

• Links are connected to make up a “shot” of chain.

• One “shot” is 15 fathoms long. (1 fathom – 6 feet)

• Safety notes:

– Next to last shot is painted yellow

– Final shot is painted red

– NEVER step over the anchor chain


Anchor Windlass

A mechanical system used to raise the ship’s anchor and to handle lines or wires.


Vertical Windlass

• Used on combatant ships.

• Has capstan for handling lines/wires.


Horizontal Windlass• Used on amphibious and auxiliary

ships.

• Has gypsy heads for handling lines/wires.


Brow

A ramp between ships or between a ship and a pier that gives personnel access to the ship.


Accommodation Ladder

A flight of steps rigged and lowered from a ship to provide access to a small boat or pier.


Navy Ship Structure Terms

• Keel• Hull• Weather Deck• Fantail• Forecastle• Bridge• Bow• Stern• Centerline

• Port• Starboard• Inboard• Waterline• Freeboard• Draft• Trim• List• Quarterdeck


Keel

Gunwale

Hull

Keel

Weather Deck

Keel – “Backbone” of the ship.


Hull

Gunwale

Hull

Keel

Weather Deck

Hull – The outer skin of the ship


Weather Deck

Weather Deck

Bridge

Weather Deck - Any deck exposed to the elements.


Fantail

Weather Deck

Bridge

Fantail – The after end of the main deck.Fantail


Forecastle

Weather Deck

Bridge

Forecastle – (pronounced “focsle”) The forward end of the main deck.

Fantail


Bridge

Weather Deck

Bridge

Bridge – A space in the ship’s superstructure from where personnel command the ship. Fantail


Bridge – Also the underway watch station for the Officer of the Deck.

Bridge


Shipboard Points of Reference

BowStern

Starboard

Port


Bow

Bow

The forward most part of the ship


Stern

Stern

The after most part of the ship


CenterlineAn imaginary line running from bow to stern


Port

Port

Left of the centerline when facing forward


Starboard

Starboard

Right of the centerline when facing forward


Outboard

Toward the side of the ship


Inboard

Toward the ship’s centerline


Stability Terms

Draft

FreeboardWaterline

Waterline – The water level along the hull of the ship.

Freeboard – The distance from the waterline to the weather deck.

Draft – The distance from the keel to the waterline, measured by draft markings located at the bow and stern of the ship.


Stability Terms

Trim

Trim – The relationship between fore and aft draft.


Stability Terms

List – Port or starboard incline of a vessel. The ships “lean” to one side.


Quarterdeck

• Location designated by the Commanding Officer as a place to carry out official business.

• The in-port watch station for the Officer of the Deck (OOD).


Man Overboard Procedures• Immediately sound the alarm.

• “Man overboard, port (or starboard) side!”

• Anyone can sound the alarm.


Man Overboard Procedures

• Point directly at the man overboard.

• Continue pointing until the bridge has them in sight.



• Drop a life ring or life jacket in the water, if possible.

• Keep the person in sight!



• OOD will maneuver ship to a recovery position as general alarm is sounded.

• Signal is six or more short blasts on the ship’s whistle.

• Signalman will hoist the Oscar flag.


Summary & Review

1. Explain the purpose and characteristics of deck seamanship equipment.

2. Understand Naval Terms and how they relate to the structure of Navy ships.

3. Explain personal actions taken if you see a person fall overboard.


Deck Seamanship Equipment

• Pier• Mooring Lines• Bollards• Bitts• Chocks• Rat guards• Cleats• Fenders

• Lifelines• Anchor• Hawsepipe• Anchor Chain• Anchor Windlass• Brow• Accommodation

Ladder


Navy Ship Structure Terms

• Keel• Hull• Weather Deck• Fantail• Forecastle• Bridge• Bow• Stern• Centerline

• Port• Starboard• Inboard• Waterline• Freeboard• Draft• Trim• List• Quarterdeck


Questions???

Basic Seamanship

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