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Basic Safety Slide 2 Slide 3 Upon completion of this module, you will be able to do the following: 1. Explain the role that safety plays in the construction crafts. 2. Describe the meaning of job-site safety. 3. Describe the characteristics of a competent person and a qualified person. 4.Explain the appropriate safety precautions to take around common job-site hazards. 5.Demonstrate the use and care of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). 6.Properly don and remove personal protective equipment (safety goggles, hard hat, and personal fall protection). 7.Follow the safety procedures required for lifting heavy objects. 8.Describe safe behavior on and around ladders and scaffolds. 9.Explain the importance of Hazard Communications (HazCom) and material safety data sheets (MSDSs). 10.Describe fire prevention and firefighting techniques. 11.Define safe work procedures to use around electrical hazards. Transparency 1Objectives Slide 4 Under supervision of the instructor, you should be able to: 1.Inspect PPE to determine if it is safe to use (PPE should include safety goggles, hard hat, gloves, safety harness, and safety shoes). 2.Properly don and remove PPE (safety goggles, hard hat, and personal fall protection). 3.Demonstrate safe lifting procedures. Transparency 2Performance Tasks Slide 5 When you take a job, you have a safety obligation to your employer, co-workers, family, and yourself. Always remember Safety First Slide 6 Section 2.0.0 Company Goal = perfect safety record Slide 7 Failure to communicate If you do not communicate clearly, accidents can happen. New job vs. old job Slide 8 Informational General information Examples are No Admittance No Trespassing For Employees Only Slide 9 Safety signs Suggestions about safety measures White background Most have green panel with white letters Examples are First Aid station Emergency eye wash stations Evacuation routes Material safety data sheet (MSDS) Slide 10 Caution signs Potential hazards Warn against unsafe acts Yellow with black panel with yellow letters Examples are Hearing and eye protection required Smoking not allowed Respirators are required Slide 11 Danger signs Immediate hazard exists Red, black, and white Examples are Defective equipment Flammable liquids & compressed gas Safety barriers & barricades Emergency stop button High voltage Slide 12 Slide 13 Safety tags Temporary warning Slide 14 Cause serious accidents Procrastination Concentrate on the job at hand Dont be easily distracted Employee behavior No horseplay Results in loss of job refer to page 1.5 in text figure 2 Slide 15 Cost construction industry millions of $ annually Time & productivity Costs money & lives Many states have laws that prevent workers from collecting insurance benefits Not only illegal drugs Over the counter antihistamines, barbiturates Slide 16 Cause accidents quickly Do not use a tool until you have been trained Slide 17 Purposely cause an accident angry Report threats and pay backs to your supervisor Slide 18 Change from normal accepted, safe procedure Examples are Failure to use PPE personal protective equipment Lifting improperly Making safety devices inoperable Servicing equipment in motion Taking an improper working position Using defective equipment Slide 19 Everyday risks On the job you must never take risks that endanger yourself or others just because you can make an excuse for doing so Examples are Not wearing gloves short time Remove hardhat hot Cross boundaries no activity in sight Slide 20 Physical state that is different from the acceptable, normal, or correct conditions Examples are Congested workplace Defective tools Poor lighting Poor ventilation Unguarded moving parts Inadequate guards, supports Fire hazards Slide 21 Designed to prevent or correct the acts or conditions that can cause accidents Good management systems = Safety policies in writing Enforce safety policy fairly and consistently Provide training for employees Slide 22 Keeping your work area clean and free of scraps or spills Organized Tools & supplies Remove all scrap material and lumber with nails from the work area. Clean up spills Containers for collection and separation of refuse Dispose of waste often Store all tools and equipment when your finished using them Slide 23 Occupational Safety and Health Administration General Duty clause summarizes intent of OSHA Code of Federal Regulations Part 1910 = standards for general industry CFR Part 1926 = construction industry Slide 24 Compliance Safety policies posted OSHA requires competent qualified person to ensure the safety of the employees Violations Fines Company Reputation Slide 25 Accidents Causes an injury or property damage Incident Could have caused an injury or damage, but did not because it was caught in time Injury Anything that requires treatment All accidents, injuries, and incidents must be reported to your supervisor Slide 26 The 4 major categories are: Falls from elevation33% Struck by accidents27% Caught in or caught between16% Electrical shock14% Slide 27 Fire, chemical spill, gas leak Slide 28 Always in a well ventilated area Heated metals give off toxic fumes Keep oxygen away from flame Store cylinders in an upright position and separated by metal Never look at arc welding without proper protection If others in area then set up welding shields, wear flash goggles Welder needs a fire watch to monitor area Never wear contact lenses-they could stick to your eye Slide 29 Slide 30 Same rules as welding Use a friction striker to ignite a cutting torch Before and during welding/cutting check hoses, regulators, and work area Slide 31 If torch goes out turn off gas supply Dont use worn hoses Flashbacks = improper fuel mixture Use proper hoses Gas = red Oxygen = green Regulator lower pressure from tank to operating pressure Slide 32 Slide 33 Clear area of fire hazards Have approved fire extinguisher nearby Clean work area when finished Dross Result of cutting process Could damage eyes Fire hazard Slide 34 Cave ins and falling objects Keep all tools, materials more than 2 ft from trench edge Walk around never jump over Access with ladder - 4 ft or deeper Use barricades around all trenches Follow OSHA regulations Slide 35 Slide 36 Work that is done near a hazard but not in direct contact with it Do your work as to stay away from hazard Pressurized or high temp. fluids Barrier or monitor needed Slide 37 Slide 38 Large enough to work, but limited entry or exit limited ventilation Tanks, vessels, silos, bins, hoppers, vaults, pits Permit required confined space Gases, fluids Must have a monitor Examples? 100 deaths annually Inhaling poisonous substances Engulfed by Grain Slide 39 Slide 40 Drivers and co-workers must take care Ventilation if using indoors Carbon monoxide = deadly Cant smell, see, or taste it Slide 41 Lockout and Tag out refer to the process of padlocking a hazardous energy in the OFF position. This lock prevents you from turning on the power. This piece of equipment is then tagged with a card, indicating that it is not to be used until it is repaired. Slide 42 This procedure is necessary so that someone can not accidentally turn the equipment ON while it is broken and potentially injure themselves or others. Lockout and tag out should always be done on a piece of equipment before any repair is started. Slide 43 If you see a piece of electrical equipment in your shop that has a tag and a lock on the power source, it means the equipment is damaged and needing repair. After the repair has been completed, the tag and lock will be removed. Only your teacher can unlock a piece of damaged equipment. Slide 44 Inspect it Care for it Use it Never alter it Slide 45 Eye - safety glasses, goggles Face - face shields Head - hard hats Feet - safety shoes Hands and arms - gloves Bodies - vests Hearing - earplugs, earmuffs 45 OSHA Office of Training and Education Slide 46 Protects head from hard blow webbing Keeps space (1 inch) between head & shell replace if cracked, dented, or worn webbing straps Never wear anything under the hard hat Never alter or modify hard hat Most hard hats = plastic or fiberglass Slide 47 Slide 48 We will wear them whenever we enter the shop Protection from objects flying towards your face Replace if they become scratched Obscure vision http://www.youtube.com/v/0DYgLlWzYqk Slide 49 Slide 50 Buckle around body Leg, shoulder, chest & pelvic Attached to body with lanyard More than 6 ft above ground Near large opening Near deep hole Near protruding rebar Slide 51 Slide 52 Cloth, canvass, rubber or leather Replace when worn ANSI approved shoes = steel toe Protects from falling objects, nails Replace when sole becomes worn Slide 53 Long exposure can cause hearing loss Earplugs, earmuffs Clean regularly with soap / water Slide 54 You may not think of noise as a danger, but if you work in a wood shop it can be a serious problem. In fact, noise is one of the most common workplace hazards. http://www.oshatrain.org/co urses/mods/709m7.html http://www.oshatrain.org/co urses/mods/709m7.html Slide 55 Two kinds of noise can harm your hearing: 1. A noise that is too loud for your ear to handle. An example is a loud impulse noise, like an explosion. 2. Loud continuous noises of different loudness levels (like what is generated in a wood shop) over an extended period of time. Slide 56 The loudness of sound is measured in units called decibels, symbolized as dB. The softest sound that a person can hear is about 1 decibel (or 1 dB). A whispered voice is about 20 decibels (20 dB). If a sound reaches 85 dB or stronger it can begin to cause permanent hearing damage. Slide 57 Compare the intensity of some sounds you are familiar with to sounds made by certain wood working tools you will find in the shop. Slide 58 These are made of light and comfortable material that can fit into the ear itself. They range from disposable foam cylinders to customized plugs that are molded to fit your own ear. Slide 59 If Foam earplugs are available in your shop - get a pair and try putting them in by following these steps. Step 1 With both hands roll the round side of the plug between your thumb and finger. Slowly roll and compress the plug into a thin cylinder with no creases or folds in it. Step 2 Once the earplug is compressed, with your opposite hand pull the outer ear out and up. Now insert the compressed plug into your ear canal as far as is comfortable for you. You dont want to go too far. Slide 60 Step 3 With your fingertip, gently hold the plug in place until it begins to expand and block the noise. Step 4 When finished working, remove the plugs from your ear. If you are going to use the plugs again, keep them clean by washing them in mild soap and rinsing them thoroughly in water. If they change color or shape after being washed throw them away and use a new pair of plugs. Slide 61 Use when Inhalation hazard exists Four types = Self-contained (SCBA) Dangerous gases or fumes Supplied air mask Dangerous gases or fumes Full face piece Brief exposure to gases or fumes Half mask or mouth piece Dust and particles Slide 62 25% of occupational injuries Moving construction materials Slide 63 Perform work in elevated locations Overload = exceeding maximum intended load Buckle, break, topple Includes people, equipment, materials Fall protection - >6 Always maintain 3 point contact Hand line to raise tools Slide 64 Straight ladder 2 rails, rungs, safety feet Metal ladders = electricity Wooden, fiberglass Water Small amount = conduct Slide 65 Never paint wooden ladders Structure to foot of Ladder = 25% height 3 minimum extends beyond where top of ladder touches roof Slide 66 Extension ladder 2 straight ladders 2 rails, rungs, safety feet, rung locks Highest level = 4 rungs from top Slide 67 Step ladder Rails, rungs, braces, spreaders Never go above second from top rung Slide 68 Safe elevated platforms Manufactured & rolling Manufactured Steel, aluminum Ready made units Rolling wheels Slide 69 Slide 70 HAZCOM right to know Material Safety Data Sheet MSDS Insert photo from disk Slide 71 Three things needed to start a fire Heat will raise fuels temp. to flashpoint Fuel Oxygen present in air Best prevention Make sure these 3 things are not present at the same time in the same place Slide 72 Work in well ventilated area Never smoke or light matches near flammable materials Keep oily rags in sealed containers Store combustible materials in approved containers Slide 73 Remove the fuel Remove the heat Remove the oxygen Acetylene, hydrogen, ethane, propane keep storage cylinders away from heat Slide 74 A fire extinguisher is just a storage container for an extinguishing agent such as water or chemicals. It is designed to put out a small fire, not a big one. An extinguisher is labeled according to whether it should be used on fires involving wood or cloth, flammable liquids, electrical, or metal sources. Using one type of extinguisher on another type of fire can make the fire much worse. So learn how extinguishers are labeled and used. Traditionally the labels A, B, C, or D have been used to indicate the type of fire on which an extinguisher is to be used. Slide 75 Know where extinguishers are located How to use them Do not remove tag Date serviced & inspected Slide 76 A = ordinary combustibles Wood, paper water B = flammable liquids Grease, gases CO2 C = electrical Smother fire D = metals Powder crust Slide 77 4 th leading cause of deaths among construction workers Electrical circuit Circular route If it cant complete the circuit then it will go to ground Path of least resistance Slide 78 GFCI Ground fault circuit interrupter Within 6 ft of water source Slide 79 Types of electrical accidents Burns Electric shock Explosions Falls caused by shock Fires All electrical cords have a UL (underwriters laboratory) tag Specific wattage Slide 80 Use 3 way extension cords Panels, switches, outlets, plugs are grounded Never use bare electrical wire Never use metal ladders near electricity Never wear metal hardhat Inspect power tools Never use frayed cords Slide 81 Dont hang lights by their power cord Use only concealed receptacles for plugs Ant repairs by qualified person Use GFCI on every power tool Run extension cords overhead Slide 82 Brookings Institute Study nearly half of what will be the built environment in 2030 doesnt exist yet