Basic Rules in Videomaking
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Transcript of Basic Rules in Videomaking
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Basic Rules In Videomaking
Terms in Videomaking
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Abby Singer
The second-to-last shot of the day. Named
after production manager Abby Singer , who would
frequently call "last shot of the day" or "this shot, and
just one more," only to have the director ask for more takes. See also martini shot.
Anamorphic
AKA: Cinemascope
An optical system which has differentmagnifications in the vertical and horizontal
dimensions of the picture. See also aspect ratio,
contrast with spherical. Cinemascope is a trade name
of an anamorphic technique.
TermsinVideomaking
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Back Projection
AKA: Rear Projection
A photographic technique whereby live action is
filmed in front of a screen which the background
action is projected on. Originally used for scenes
occurring in vehicles. Contrast this with a matte
shot.
Backlot
AKA: Back lot
A large, undeveloped area on studio property
used for constructing large open-air sets or for
filming wilderness scenes.
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Cel Animation
A form of animation where hand drawn pictures are
transposed on to plastic sheets, each with a different
element such as characters and background, and layered
on top of each other to create a complete scene. The
composition is then photographed and incorporated in the
finished film. It was the predominate of form of animation
until the rise of computer generated animation in the mid
1990's.
CGI
AKA: Computer Generated Imagery
The use of computer graphics to create or enhance special
effects.
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Digital Compositor
A person who does compositing by digital means (at a
computer), as opposed to using (pre-digital) optical or
physical techniques.
Digital Imaging Technician
A person who provides on-set quality control, image
manipulation & color correction, production continuity,
trouble shooting and consultation to assist in fullfilling the
requirements and vision of the cinematographer in film-styledigital production.
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Edge Numbers
Numbers printed on the edge of a print to
allow easy identification of frames.
Editing
AKA: Visual Editing, Film Editing
Reconstructing the sequence of events ina movie. See also AVID, editor .
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Fade
AKA: Fade To Black, Fade In, Fade Out
A smooth, gradual transition from a normal image to
complete blackness (fade out), or vice versa (fade in).
Fast Motion
AKA: Skip Frame
A shot in which time appears to move more quickly than
normal. The process is commonly achieved by either
deleting select frames (called "skip frames") or by undercranking. See also motion artifact, freeze
frame, frame rate, judder .
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Gaffer
AKA: Chief Lighting Technician
The head of the electrical department, responsible for the
design and execution of the lighting plan for a production.
Early films used mostly natural light, which stagehands
controlled with large tent cloths using long poles called gaffs
(stagehands were often beached sailors or longshoremen,
and a gaff is a type of boom on a sailing ship). In 16th
Century English, the term "gaffer" denoted a man who was
the head of any organized group of laborers.
Goof
A take of a scene not used in a movie, usually because of
an on-camera mistake made by the cast or crew.
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High Concept
Describes a film that includes and/or
exploits certain elements (e.g. fast action,
big-name stars) in order to attract a largeaudience.
Hold A word used on a continuity report to
indicate that a particular take should be
kept, but not developed.
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Intertitles
A title card appearing intercut with
a scene. Contrast with subtitles.
Commonly used with silent films.
Ink
Verb: to sign a contract. Noun: press
coverage.
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Judder
An instability introduced when images sampled at
one frame rate are converted to a different frame
rate for viewing. This effect is most noticeable
when frames are repeated or deleted in order toobtain slow motion or fast motion. See alsomotion
artifact.
Jump Cut
A cut involving an interruption to the continuity of
time, where the image in a shot closely matches
the image of the previous shot.
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Key
A general adjective denoting importance.
Key GripAKA: Key
The key grip works closely with the director of
photography and the gaffer to sculpt the desired
look of a film by diffusing and cutting the light. The
key grip is also in charge of camera movement
whether on a dolly, camera crane or mounted on
the hood or bumper of a vehicle.
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Layouts
AKA: Blocking
A person responsible for working out the action
before filming begins, including where the
characters should be, and the camera angles.
Lighting
AKA: Lights
Most productions use artificial lighting when
filming for various technical and artistic reasons,
both on location or on aset. Lighting is designed
by the director of photography in consultation with
the director , and is the responsibility of
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Magnetic Soundtrack
AKA: Magnetic Print
A composite print in which the soundtrack is
recorded on the attached strip of magnetic tape.
Largely obsolete due to high cost andmaintenance difficulties.
Motion Blur
Shots of objects that quickly move in
the camera's frame, and/or shots with a
slow shutter speed are likely to produce a
"smearing" effect, since the object is in a range of
positions during a single exposure.
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Negative Cost
The cost of a movie through
the production of a finished negative,
not including the costs of prints,
advertising, or distribution.
Negative Print
AKA: Negative, Neg
A reverse light image capture. See
also positive print.
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Off-line Editor
A person who performs the off-line work,
completing preliminary editing done in a lower-
cost editing facility, to prepare a list of edits for the
final, or on-line editor .
On-line Editor
A person who performs the on-line work, who
completes the final editing and preparation for
distribution of film, with edits often from a list of
changes created by the off-line editor .
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P&A
Prints and advertising, the major
costs of film distribution.
Pan
The action of rotating a camera aboutits vertical axis. See also tilt.
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Quota Quickies
Low budget, short subjects made in
the UK in the 1930s. The
Cinematographic Films Bill, passed in
April 1927 stipulated that all UK
cinemas would have to include a
proportion of British films in their programmes. The percentage varied,
rising to 20% at one time. The "Quota
Quickies" were generally of a quite
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Lets take a Quiz
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1. A cut involving an interruption to the continuity of
time, where the image in a shot closely matches
the image of the previous shot.
2. An optical system which has different
magnifications in the vertical and horizontaldimensions of the picture. See also aspect ratio,
contrast with spherical. Cinemascope is a trade
name of an anamorphic technique.
3. Verb: to sign a contract. Noun: press coverage.4. The use of computer graphics to create or
enhance special effects.
5. A person who does compositing by digital means
(at a computer), as opposed to using (pre-digital)
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6. A large, undeveloped area on studio property
used for constructing large open-air sets or for
filming wilderness scenes.
7. Numbers printed on the edge of a print to allow
easy identification of frames.
8. Reconstructing the sequence of events in a
movie. See also AVID, editor .
9. A smooth, gradual transition from a normal
image to complete blackness (fade out), or viceversa (fade in).
10. A take of a scene not used in a movie, usually
because of an on-camera mistake made by the
cast or crew.