Basic Polymer Chemistry CAST January 28, 2005. Presenters Jon Valasek St. Marks School of Texas...
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Transcript of Basic Polymer Chemistry CAST January 28, 2005. Presenters Jon Valasek St. Marks School of Texas...
Basic Polymer Chemistry
CAST January 28, 2005
Presenters
Jon Valasek• St. Marks School of Texas• Dallas• [email protected]
Debbie Goodwin• Chillicothe High School• Chillicothe, MO• [email protected]
Polymer Ambassadors
www.polymerambassadors.org
Mission Statement: The Polymer Ambassadors, with resources from educational, industrial, and professional societies, promote polymer education with teachers, students, and community audiences.
Materials Science Teacher Camps
• Sponsored by ASM International Foundation
• http://www.asminternational.org
• Click on “Foundation” tab
• Click on “Materials Camp” tab
• One week in the summer
• No cost
MST Summer Camps
• Albuquerque, NM Eldorado High School June 12 - 16• Ann Arbor, MI U of Michigan July 17 - 21• Calgary, Canada S Alberta Institute Tech August 21 - 25• Charlotte/Monroe Wingate University June 19 - 23• College Park, MD U of Maryland June 27 - 30• Columbus, OH Ohio State University TBA• Dallas, TX University of Texas July 17 - 21• Denver, CO Colorado School of Mines June 26 - 30• Edmonds, WA Edmonds Community College July 17 - 21• Edmonton, Canada University of Alberta July 24 - 28• Gainesville, FL U of Florida June 26 - 30• Houston, TX U of Houston June 26 - 30• Long Beach, CA California State University July 10 - 14• Piscataway, NJ Rutgers University August 7 - 11• Toronto, Canada University of Toronto August 14 – 16• Youngstown, OH Youngstown State University July 17 - 21
Polymers
• Poly – many • Mer - parts
• Long chain molecules made of many smaller repeating units
Classification
• Natural vs. Synthetic• Type of Polymerization
– Addition– Condensation
• Response to Heat– Thermoplastics– Thermosets
Where do polymers come from
• Natural gas – Linked together by polymerization
• Start with C2H4
Carbon Chains and Boiling Temperatures• Petroleum gas - used for heating, cooking, making plastics
– small alkanes (1 to 4 carbon atoms) – commonly known by the names methane, ethane, propane, butane – boiling range = less than 104 degrees Fahrenheit / 40 degrees Celsius – often liquified under pressure to create LPG (liquified petroleum gas)
• Gasoline - motor fuel – liquid – mix of alkanes and cycloalkanes (5 to 12 carbon atoms) – boiling range = 104 to 401 degrees Fahrenheit / 40 to 205 degrees Celsius
• Kerosene - fuel for jet engines and tractors; starting material for making other products – liquid – mix of alkanes (10 to 18 carbons) and aromatics – boiling range = 350 to 617 degrees Fahrenheit / 175 to 325 degrees Celsius
• Gas oil or Diesel distillate - used for diesel fuel and heating oil; starting material for making other products
– liquid – alkanes containing 12 or more carbon atoms – boiling range = 482 to 662 degrees Fahrenheit / 250 to 350 degrees Celsius
• Lubricating oil - used for motor oil, grease, other lubricants – liquid – long chain (20 to 50 carbon atoms) alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatics – boiling range = 572 to 700 degrees Fahrenheit / 300 to 370 degrees Celsius
• Heavy gas or Fuel oil - used for industrial fuel; starting material for making other products – liquid – long chain (20 to 70 carbon atoms) alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatics – boiling range = 700 to 1112 degrees Fahrenheit / 370 to 600 degrees Celsius
• Residuals - coke, asphalt, tar, waxes; starting material for making other products – solid – multiple-ringed compounds with 70 or more carbon atoms – boiling range = greater than 1112 degrees Fahrenheit / 600 degrees Celsius
Chain Lengths
• Beaded chain
• 10,000 carbon atoms – typical polyethylene molecule
Polymerization – Making Chains
Addition polymerization
• Connecting monomers without producing a by-product
• Usually involves breaking a double bond
• Requires an initiator
• Hand-holding simulation chain reaction
HDPE vs. LDPE
• Chains• Density• Crystalline vs. amorphous
Polymerization – Making Chains
Condensation Polymerization• Method of forming molecules
between 2 different monomers • A smaller molecule is also formed as
a by-product• Also known as a step reaction • Example – PETE • Nylon demo
Holding chains together
• covalent bonds – stronger – ex. rubber
• intermolecular forces – weaker – ex. slime
• entanglement – ex. HDPE – – (analogy: 50 pieces of yarn – each 6 feet
long – jumble and wad them up – throw them down in a pile on the ground – try to pull out one piece – what happens???)
Slime
• 4% Polyvinyl alcohol solution
• Add different amounts of 4% borax solution to 50 mL of PVA solution2% 4%8%12%20%
Slime
• Analyze and compare – Viscosity (ability to flow)– Coolness (evaporative cooling)– Elasticity (return to shape after stress)– Plasticity (retains new shape after
stress)
Polyvinyl Alcohol
• Math – % evaporation – Viscosity – Temperature change
• Hospital – Laundry bags
• Industry – Mold release
Additional Labs & Demos
• Sodium alginate snakes• Gak• Latex balls• Happy/sad balls• Others…………….