The examination of horses as to soundness and selection as ...
Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2 Pages 29-45 LACP.
-
Upload
martina-gaines -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
0
Transcript of Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2 Pages 29-45 LACP.
![Page 1: Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2 Pages 29-45 LACP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfaf1a28abf838c9cf48/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2
Pages 29-45 LACP
![Page 2: Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2 Pages 29-45 LACP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfaf1a28abf838c9cf48/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Physical examination
There are several types of physical examinations for equines
Insurance examination is required by the insurance company before a horse can receive insurance coverage
Prepurchase examination, conducted before completing the sale of an animal, the veterinarian performing the examination is presumed to be working in the buyer’s best interest
![Page 3: Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2 Pages 29-45 LACP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfaf1a28abf838c9cf48/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Equine Terminology
Trot Colt Mare Withers Frog Stallion Gelding Parrot Mouth Harness Filly Mule Thrush Meconium Sound Laminitis
![Page 4: Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2 Pages 29-45 LACP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfaf1a28abf838c9cf48/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Basic P.E.
The basic physical examination usually includes temperature/pulse/respiration (TPR) heart/lung auscultation, abdominal auscultation, hydratation status, examination of mucous membranes, and height/weight measurement
![Page 5: Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2 Pages 29-45 LACP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfaf1a28abf838c9cf48/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Equine weight measuring
tapes
![Page 6: Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2 Pages 29-45 LACP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfaf1a28abf838c9cf48/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Pull the tape so that is it snug and not tight around the horse’s girth.
![Page 7: Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2 Pages 29-45 LACP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfaf1a28abf838c9cf48/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Read the number that meets the “weight arrow” end of your weight tape, this is the animal’s weight in lbs.
![Page 8: Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2 Pages 29-45 LACP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfaf1a28abf838c9cf48/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Page 487 CVTV
![Page 9: Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2 Pages 29-45 LACP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfaf1a28abf838c9cf48/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The height of a horse is measured from the point of the withers to the ground.
![Page 10: Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2 Pages 29-45 LACP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfaf1a28abf838c9cf48/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Measuring height. A, Proper position for the height/weight tape for
measuring height.
B, Height is read at the highest point of the withers
![Page 11: Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2 Pages 29-45 LACP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfaf1a28abf838c9cf48/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Physical Examination
By system Always use the same
approach Record your findings Look at “the whole
picture”
![Page 12: Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2 Pages 29-45 LACP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfaf1a28abf838c9cf48/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2 Pages 29-45 LACP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfaf1a28abf838c9cf48/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Body Condition Scoring The Ideal Body Condition Score is between 5 and 6-1/2
1. Poor
Animal extremely emaciated; spinous processes, ribs, tailhead,
tuber coxae (hip joints), and ischia (lower pelvic bones)
projecting prominently; bone structure of withers, shoulders,
and neck easily noticeable; no fatty tissue can be felt.
2. Very Thin
Animal emaciated; slight fat covering over base of spinous
processes, transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae feel
rounded; spinous processes, ribs, tailhead, tuber coxae (hip
joints) and ischia (lower pelvic bones) prominent; withers,
shoulders, and neck structure faintly discernable.
3. Thin
Fat buildup about halfway on spinous processes; transverse
processes cannot be felt; slight fat cover over ribs; spinous
processes and ribs easily discernable; tailhead prominent, but
individual vertebrae cannot be identified visually; tuber coxae
(hip joints), appear rounded but easily discernable;
tuber ischia (lower pelvic bones) not distinguishable; withers,
shoulders and neck accentuated.
![Page 14: Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2 Pages 29-45 LACP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfaf1a28abf838c9cf48/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Body Condition Scoring 4. Moderately Thin
Slight ridge along back; faint outline of ribs discernible; tailhead prominence depends on
conformation, fat can be felt around it; tuber coxae (hip joints) not discernable; withers, shoulders
and neck not obviously thin.
5. Moderate
Back is flat (no crease or ridge); ribs not visually distinguishable but easily felt; fat around tailhead
beginning to feel spongy; withers appear rounded over spinous processes; shoulders and neck
blend smoothly into body.
6. Moderately Fleshy
May have slight crease down back; fat over ribs spongy; fat around tailhead soft; fat beginning to
be deposited along the side of withers, behind shoulders, and along sides of neck.
7. Fleshy
May have slight crease down back; individual ribs can be felt, but noticeable filling between ribs
with fat; fat around tailhead soft; fat deposited along withers, behind shoulders,and along neck.
8. Fat
Crease down back; difficult to feel ribs, fat around tailhead very soft; fat area along withers filled
with fat, area behind shoulder filled with fat, noticeable thickening of neck; fat deposited along
inner thighs.
9. Extremely Fat
Obvious crease down back; patchy fat appearing over ribs, bulging fat around tailhead; along
withers, behind shoulders and along neck, fat along inner thighs may rub together; flank filled
with fat.Courtesy of Purina Mills
![Page 15: Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2 Pages 29-45 LACP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfaf1a28abf838c9cf48/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Observation From a Distance
Behavior Individual differences Affected by illness/pain Depending on environment,
changes throughout the day Eating, drinking Feces, urine
![Page 16: Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2 Pages 29-45 LACP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfaf1a28abf838c9cf48/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Attitude
Depressed attitude: Pain Weakness Cerebral dysfunction
Abnormal behavior: Pain Cerebral dysfunction
![Page 17: Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2 Pages 29-45 LACP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfaf1a28abf838c9cf48/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Normal valuesAdults Body temperature (p. 32) normal adult at rest: 99.0-101.5°F —varies by age, breed, environmental temperature Pulse rate/heart rate (p. 33) normal adult at rest: 28-44
bpm —varies by age, fitness level, 2° A-V blockRespiratory rate (p. 37) normal adult at rest: 6-12 breaths
per minute —varies by age, environmental temperatureGastrointestinal motility (p. 39) normal adult at rest: 1-3
borborygmi per minutePink gums6-10 piles of well formed manure per 24 hours
![Page 18: Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2 Pages 29-45 LACP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfaf1a28abf838c9cf48/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Normal Neonate
Temperature 99-102F HR 80-120 RR 20-40 Pink gums Nursing 4-6 times per hour Fecal output 2-4 piles per day, pasty
![Page 19: Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2 Pages 29-45 LACP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfaf1a28abf838c9cf48/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Body temperature
Temperature is almost always taken rectally using a standard mercury thermometer or a digital thermometer for large animals
Look Familiar?
99-101.5
![Page 20: Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2 Pages 29-45 LACP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfaf1a28abf838c9cf48/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2 Pages 29-45 LACP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfaf1a28abf838c9cf48/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
When inserting rectal thermometer, stand facing
caudally and maintain contact with the horse
![Page 22: Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2 Pages 29-45 LACP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfaf1a28abf838c9cf48/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Never stand directly in back of the horse’s rear end.
Grasp the tail at the base and move it gently to the side
![Page 23: Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2 Pages 29-45 LACP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfaf1a28abf838c9cf48/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Insert the thermometer.
![Page 24: Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #2 Pages 29-45 LACP.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfaf1a28abf838c9cf48/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
A, The thermometer has been inserted and secured with the clip to the tail hairs.
B, Thermometer secured to hair coat with the clip.