Basic networking
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Transcript of Basic networking
NETWORKING
S.K.AhsanMr.Khan 1
Topic of Presentation
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Types 0f networking
History of networking
Uses of networks
What is network?
Network Protocols
Network Topologies
How networks are structured?
Contents
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Networking:-
____”When two or more computers connected to each other through some communication media is called Networking.____”
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for example:-
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History of networking:- Over the five decades that Unisys has been involved in the
computer industry, it has participated in the development of networking technologies while working
under contract for the Department of Defense (DOD) and other government agencies and in the course of developing its commercial
product offerings. During this time Unisys has made several significant technical contributions
furthering the development of networking in the industry at large.
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Why Networking?Sharing information — i.e. data communication
Like this
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Uses of networks:- Network allows user to share program and
data simultaneously. Network allows users to share peripheral
devices. Network allows user to share email
through network.
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Example
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Types of networks
Local Area Network(LANs) Wide Area Network (WANs) Metropolitan Area Network(MANs) Campus Area Network(CANs) Home Area Network(HANs) Intranet and Extranet
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Local Area network Its is digital communication system
capable of interconnecting a large number of computer terminals and devices with in a limited area.
Its speed is faster than WANs. But is small in covering area.
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For example
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Wide area network
Its is digital communication system capable of interconnecting a large number of computer terminals and devices through different cities.
Its is slower than WAN.
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For example
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Metropolitan area network A MANs connect a geographical area larger
than LAN but LESS than WAN such as city with dedicated or high performance hardware.
Mobile phones system based on MANs.
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For example
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Campus Area Network
A CANs follow the same principle as LANs work.
With a CAN different campus offices and organization can be linked together.
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For example
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Home area network
A home network (HANs) is a network contained a person’s digital devices from multiple computer and devices such as
Printer Telephones DVDs
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For example
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Intranet and extranet
Its is privately own-secure business network based on internet technology not necessarily to the internet.
Information is available to all employees.
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Extranet Its combination of multiple
intranets. Intranets of different companies are
connected each other to share data and information.
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Extranet
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Intranet
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How network are structured ?
Following are the ways to form a network.
Client/server Networks. Peer to Peer Networks. Hybrid Network.
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Client/server Networks
In this type of network one or more computer are dedicated server and the remaining computer works as client.
The client are all other computers on the network.
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advantages• Advantages of client/server networks
• Facilitate resource sharing – centrally administrate and control
• Facilitate system backup and improve fault tolerance
• Enhance security – only administrator can have access to Server
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Disadvantages• Disadvantages of client/server networks
• High cost for Servers• Need expert to configure the network• Introduce a single point of failure to the
system
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For example
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Peer to peer network
In this network every computer plays a role of server or client depending upon the nature of communication .
All computers have equal rights. No one computer can control over other
computer.
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advantages• Advantages of peer-to-peer networks:
• Low cost• Simple to configure• User has full accessibility of the computer
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o May have duplication in resources
Difficult to uphold security policy
Difficult to handle uneven loading
Disadvantages of peer-to-peer
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For example
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Hybrid network
It has the combined feature of both client and peer to peer networks
The user take advantage of both networks.
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advantages
Its provide both the facility of peer to peer model and client server model
DISADVANTAGE Hard ware cost . Maintenance.
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For example
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Network topologies
____”The scheme of joining
computer in a network is called topology___”
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Types of topologies
Bus Topology
Ring Topology
Star Topology
Tree Topology
Mesh Topology
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Bus Topology
In bus topology all the computer are connected in the series with a common communication medium.
The communication medium is called BUS.
Bus is used in LAN because It is To installed.
If the one node of bus fail then the whole network will be destroy.
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For example
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Ring topology
In ring topology every device has exactly two neighbor for communication purpose and the last computer is connected to the first computer all the computer are connected in ring shape.
A failure in cable or a device breaks the loop and the entire network fails.
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For example
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Star topology
All the computer are connected to central HUB OR Switch.
Twisted pair cable is used in star topology.
Its is mostly use in LAN because it is easy to maintain .
If the HUB or SWITCH or fail then entire network becomes fail.
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For example
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Tree topology
Tree topology integrates the multiple star topologies together on to a bus all the computer are connected in such a way to form tree like structure.
It has combined feature of STAR and BUS topology.
It is difficult to configure.
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For example
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Mesh topology
In mesh topology every computer directly connected to every other computer on the network.
Mesh topology used in WAN. The installation of mesh topology is
difficult. Its performance is not affected with the
heavy transmission of data.
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For example
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Protocols Protocols are the rules to exchange data
between two devices.
Types of Protocols:
Ethernet Token Ring ARCnet DSL TCP/IP
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Ethernet Its is most commonly used in LAN
protocols. Ethernet is used in BUS topology with
high speed network cable. It is relatively simple and cheaper. All the computer in Ethernet using same
cable to send or receive data.
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Ethernet cable Ethernet converter
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Token ring
Token ring passing protocols is used in ring topology.
A token is an electronic signal. The token ring is associated with IBM
(international Business Machines) Which worked with the concept of ring
network
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Token passing technology
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ARCnet
Arc net stands for Attached Resource Computer Network.
It used either pair or co-axial cable. The original ARCnet protocol was very
slow ARCnet is inexpensive, reliable, easy to
setup and easy to expand
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Co-axial cable
sadadasdasd
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TCP/IP TCP/IP stand for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol. It is WAN protocol. Two different types of computer connect each other using this
protocol. TCP/IP differs for different computers.
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ISDN
ISDN stands for Integrated Services Digital Network.
ISDN modem is different from dial up modem
It provides better transmission rate
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ISDN MODEM DAIL-UP MODEM
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DSL
DSL stands for Digital Subscribe Line. It provides high speed transmission of
data over telephone line. It is alternative of isdn modem. Its is use every where in office, homes
etc.
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DSL MODEM
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Types 0f networking
History of networking
Uses of networks
What is network?
Network Protocols
Network Topologies
How networks are structured?
Summary of Presentation
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