Basic Linux commands

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File Handling Text Processing System Administration Process Management Archival Network File Systems Advanced Commands


mkdir – make directoriesUsage: mkdir [OPTION] DIRECTORY...eg. mkdir hadoop

ls – list directory contentsUsage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...eg. ls, ls l, ls hadoop

cd – changes directoriesUsage: cd [DIRECTORY]eg. cd prabhat


pwd – print name of current working directoryUsage: pwd

vim – Vi Improved, a programmers text editorUsage: vim [OPTION] [file]...eg. vim file1.txt


cp – copy files and directoriesUsage: cp [OPTION]... SOURCEDEST eg. cp sample.txt sample_copy.txtcp sample_copy.txt target_dir mv – move (rename) filesUsage: mv [OPTION]... SOURCEDESTeg. mv source.txt target_dir mv old.txt new.txt


rm – remove files or directoriesUsage: rm [OPTION]... FILE...eg. rm file1.txt , rm rf some_dir

history – prints recently used commands


cat – concatenate files and print on the standard outputUsage: cat [OPTION] [FILE]...eg. cat file1.txt file2.txt

echo – display a line of textUsage: echo [OPTION] [string] ...eg. echo I love Indiaecho $HOME


grep – print lines matching a patternUsage: grep [OPTION] PATTERN [FILE]...eg. grep -i apple sample.txt

wc - print the number of newlines, words, and bytes in filesUsage: wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...eg. wc file1.txt

sort – sort lines of text filesUsage: sort [OPTION]... [FILE]...eg. sort file1.txtsort – r file1.txt


chmod – change file accesspermissionsUsage: chmod [OPTION] [MODE] [FILE]eg. chmod 744 calculate.sh

chown – change file owner and groupUsage: chown [OPTION]... OWNER[:[GROUP]]FILE...eg. chown remo myfile.txt


Numeric Permissions:CHMOD can also to attributed by using Numeric Permissions:

400 read by owner040 read by group004 read by anybody (other)200 write by owner020 write by group002 write by anybody100 execute by owner010 execute by group001 execute by anybody


su – change user ID or become superuserUsage: su [OPTION] [LOGIN]eg. su remo, su

passwd – update a user’s authentication tokens(s)Usage: passwd [OPTION]eg. Passwd

who – show who is logged onUsage: who [OPTION]eg. who , who -b, who -q


ps – report a snapshot of the currentprocessesUsage: ps [OPTION]eg. ps

kill – to kill a process(using signal mechanism)Usage: kill [OPTION] pideg. Kill -9 2275


du – estimate file space usageUsage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]...eg. du df – report filesystem disk space usageUsage: df [OPTION]... [FILE]...eg. df


tar – to archive a fileUsage: tar [OPTION] DEST SOURCEeg. tar cvf/home/archive.tar/home/originaltar xvf/home/archive.tar zip – package and compress (archive) filesUsage: zip [OPTION] DEST SOURSEeg. zip original.zip original unzip – list, test and extract compressedfiles in a ZIP archiveUsage: unzip filenameeg. unzip original.zip


ssh – SSH client (remote login program)“ssh is a program for logging into aremote machine and for

executing commands on a remote machine”Usage: ssh [options] [user]@hostnameeg. ssh -X [email protected]


reboot – reboot the systemUsage: reboot [OPTION]eg. reboot poweroff – power off the systemUsage: poweroff [OPTION]eg. poweroff


Basic Linux commands

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