Introduction To Internet

Jijo Joseph

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Disclaimer: This presentation is prepared by trainees ofbaabtra.com as a part of mentoring program. This is notofficial document of baabtra.com – Mentoring Partner

What is Internet ?

• The internet is a world-wide network of computers that linked together by wired or wireless connection.

• Internet has been coined from two terms,

interconnection and network.

• two categories: servers and browsers.

How was Internet developed?

• Internet was born in late 1960’s

• The internet has its root in the ARPANET

system of the Advanced Research Project

Agency of U.S. Department of Defense.

• ARPANET is known as the forefather of

internet.

How Does Internet Works?

• Servers make this information available to the general public

• Browsers are what people use to access the information

• Internet Service Provider (ISP) server

Web Server And Server

The Web server

• A Web server handles the HTTP protocol. When the Web server receives an HTTP request, it responds with an HTTP response, such as sending back an HTML page.

The application server

• An application server exposes business logic to client applications through various protocols, possibly including HTTP.

Different Types of Server

• Proxy Server

It acts as a mediator between a client programand an external server to filter requests,improve performance and share connections.

• Telnet Server

It enables the users to log on to a hostcomputer and execute tasks as if they areworking on a remote computer.

• FTP Server

It works on one of the oldest of the Internetservices, the file transfer protocol. It providesa secure file transfer between computerswhile ensuring file security and transfercontrol.

• Mail Server

It transfers and stores mails over corporatenetworks through LANs, WANs and across theInternet.

• To view a web page from your browser:

1. Type an address (URL) in "Address Bar" or click on a hyperlink.

2. Browser sends a request to ISP server.

3. ISP server looks for the exact host server which website in question, then sends a request to that host server for the page.

4. The host server sends the requested page to ISP server.

5. ISP sends the page to browser.

IP Address

• To facilitate the routing of packets over a network the TCP/IP protocol suite uses a logical address known as an IP address

• An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device

Two functions:

• network interface identification

• location addressing.

Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) - 32 bit binary number.

• The Class A address uses only the first octet (8 bits) of the 32-bit number to indicate the network address.

• The remaining three octets of the 32-bit number are used for host addresses.

• The Class B address uses two of the four octets (16 bits) to indicate the network address

• The remaining two octets specify host addresses.

• This scheme is known as “dotted decimal notation.”

Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) - 128 bits.

Wired Internet Connections

• Dial-up connections

• High-speed broadband connections

• Cable modems

• ISDN

• DSL

• Wireless WAN (WWAN)

• Satellite services

• Wireless LANs (WLAN)

Wireless Internet Connections

Domain name

• A domain name is a unique name that identifies an internet resource such as a website.

• Domain names are formed by the rules Domain Name System (DNS). Any name registered in the DNS is a domain name.

Uses of Internet

1. Social Networking

– Provides medium for people to connect and

interact with each other.

– Facebook, Twitter, Myspace, Instagram, Google+

2. Communication

– Chat with your contacts directly within Gmail.

– You can even talk face-to-face with built-in video

chat.

3. Education.

– Distance learning.

– Reference books, online help centres, Study

oriented material are on the internet.

4. Financial Transactions

- Internet Banking

- Payment of Bills

5. Research

– Gathering, analyzing and sharing information

– The Internet is a wealth of information and is one

of the best ways to find information fast and

efficiently.

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