Basic Infrastructures for water and sanitation
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Transcript of Basic Infrastructures for water and sanitation
Basic Infrastructures for water and sanitation
María J. Ledesma-Carbayo
Contents
• Introduction
• Methodology levels
• Safe, affordable and sustainable water & sanitation services
• Governance practices in water, sanitation and management
Introduction I
• Human Right to Water: Confirmed in the General Comment No. 15 of the UN Committee onEconomic, Social and Cultural Rights that:
‘the human right to water entitles everyone tosufficient, safe, acceptable, physically accessibleand affordable water for personal and domesticuses’.
‘the human right to water is indispensable forleading a life in human dignity. It is a prerequisitefor the realization of other human rights’.
Introduction II
• Strategic guidelines
Provision of
Basic services
Capacity Building
Advocacy
Active
Citizenship
Intervention
Model
Introduction III
• Tanzania– POPULATION: 37.6 millions
– LANGUAGE: Swahili & English
– HDI: 162 of 177
– LIFE EXPECTANCY: 47.9 años.
– MORTALITY (<5 años): 14,8%
– GDP per capita: 674 PPA$.
• EU + Spanish Funding
• Learning from and with others-Universities, NGO, local goverment
KIGOMASAME
MANGOLA
INFRASTRUCTURES PROJECTS:
� Improvement of the bridges in Mtabila and MoyovosiBurundian refugee camps in Tanzania (1995)
� Improvement of the road from Barazani to Lagangareri, Mangola Valley (1999-2000)
HYDROSANITARY PROGRAMS :
� MANGOLA VALLEY
� 1st phase 1996-1997
� 2nd phase 2002-2004
� 3rd phase 2004-2006
� 4th phase 2006-2007
� KIGOMA RURAL DISTRICT
� 1st phase 1997-2001
� 2nd phase 2002-2003
� 3rd phase 2003-2005
� 4th phase 2006-2009
� SAME DISTRICT
� Pilot phase 2006-2008
� 1st phase 2008-2010
Introduction IV
Water access coverage in rural areas.
Mean coverage
42%
Source: Water Aid
Introduction V
• No equitable provision42% of coverage in rural areas
• Financial, operation and maintenance problems40% of the rural systems are not functional
• Quality and quantity depending on season Scarcity during dry season
• Low water qualityPollution or salinity
• Improvable planning on resources and investmentImproving technical and institutional capacities
Introduction VI
AIM: Water Right Fulfillment
– equitable provision of water and sanitation services in rural areas
BY improving:
– the access to W&S
– hygienic practices
– the service delivery
– management at the community and district levels
Methodology I
• Two levels of intervention
–Establishment of safe, affordable and sustainable water & sanitation services
– Improvement of governance practices in water and sanitation services and management of water resources.
Methodology II
DECREASE IN DECREASE IN WATERBORNE DISEASESWATERBORNE DISEASES
DR
INK
ING
WA
TE
R
DR
INK
ING
WA
TE
R
SU
PP
LY
SU
PP
LY
SA
NIT
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SA
NIT
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ION
HY
GIE
NIC
AN
D
HY
GIE
NIC
AN
D
SA
NIT
AR
YS
AN
ITA
RY
ED
UC
AT
ION
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UC
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ION
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONWORKING SIDE BY SIDE WITH THE DISTRICTWORKING SIDE BY SIDE WITH THE DISTRICT
General
Objective
Specific
Objectives
Transversefactors
Safe, affordable and sustainable water & sanitation services I
• Demand responsive.
–The community identifies the needs
–The community has to open a bank account
EQUITY!!!
• Appropriate technology.
–possible technical proposals in the lowest appropriate level
– the community chooses the option they consider themselves able to maintain
–Participatory final design with the community leaders (source choice, number, kind and situation of taps...).
Safe, affordable and sustainable water & sanitation services II
GOALS:GOALS:
One water distribution point each less than 250 people.
Distance from any house to a water distribution point no further than 400 m.
Minimum water supply capacity: 25l/inh./day.
Water user entities managing the system.
Legal and cost recovery systems implemented.
Close supervision by the District Water Department.
Drinking Water Supply
Hand water well pump
Intake
Drinking Water Supply
Installing pipes
Tanks
Drinking water supply
Ventilated improved Pit (VIP)
Sanitation
Safe, affordable and sustainable water & sanitation services III
• Social marketing and one to one promotion for hygiene and sanitation.
–PHAST approach- Health Promoters
–Social marketing techniques
–Child to Chilid school activities
–house-by-house campaigns
Hygiene promotion
Social Marketing:Social Marketing:
• Demonstrative Pits and Tilt taps
• Sanitation competitions
•Theater, T-Shirts, Wall painting, comics, …
• POSITIVE MESSAGES!!!
Hygiene promotion
Tilt tap
Wall painting
Safe, affordable and sustainable water & sanitation services IV
• Participatory Techniques.
–Community participation and management
– the community is fully involved and responsible for planning, design and decision-making to maintenance and expansion.
Communities involved in all the project cycle
THE MAIN ACTORSTHEY WILL BE THE OWNERS AND USERS OF THE SYSTEMS
Governance practices in water, sanitation and management I
District Departments (Water, Health and Education)
Community Technical Universities
Related Basin Office
Groups of volunteers Other Civil Based Organizations / NGOs
Governance practices in water, sanitation and management I
• Capacity building.– Strengthening the capabilities and the relationship between local and district levels.
– The district health, education and water departments are involved in all stages of the program and trained on matters like PHAST, water and sanitation project designing, planning, monitoring and assessment.
– At village level, the Water Users Entities are trained on operation, maintenance and management. The Village Health Committee is also trained on hygiene promotion.
• Increase of awareness of water policy and related rights and obligations in the communities
Governance practices in water, sanitation and management II
• Information Management System.– facilitate decision-making and resources allocation at District Level.
– Geographical Information System (GIS) with relevant data has been demonstrated as a valuable tool to strengthen District capacities in raising other external funds based on reliable studies and proposals.
• Water Resources Management– Increase access to water resources information at District and Basin level to promote effective Integrated Water Resources Management.
Management systems of water supply and sanitation information
Water Supply and Sanitation Data Bases
SIG Water Point Mapping
Monitoring the access to water supplyusing GIS
RUVU
NJORO
KISIWANI
MAORE
HEDARU
NDUNGUMAKANYA
MWEMBE
VUNTA
SAME URBAN
MTII
SUJI
MSINDO
BENDERA
CHOME
VUDEE
MSHEWA
BW
AM
BO
KIHURIO
MY
AM
BA
MHEZI
KIRANGARE
BOMBO
MP
INJI
VUJEVUJE
MP
INJI
BOMBO
KIRANGARE
MHEZIM
YA
MB
A
KIHURIO
BW
AM
BO
MSHEWA
VUDEE
CHOME
BENDERA
MSINDO
SUJI
MTII
SAME URBAN
VUNTA
MWEMBE
MAKANYANDUNGU
HEDARU
MAORE
KISIWANI
NJORO
RUVU
20 0 20 40 Kilometers
N
SAME DISTRICTWATER POINTS DENSITY BY WARDS IN 2006
Keyless than 1 water point per 1,000 peoplebetween 1 and 2 water points per 1,000 peoplebetween 2 and 4 water points per 1,000 peoplegreater than 4 water points per 1,000 people
Urban Ward Not Included in the Study
BW
AM
BO
MP
INJI
VUJEVUJE
MP
INJI
BOMBO
KIRANGARE
MHEZI
MY
AM
BA
KIHURIO
BW
AM
BO
MSHEWA
VUDEE
CHOME
BENDERA
MSINDO
SUJI
MTII
SAME URBAN
VUNTA
MW EMBE
MAKANYANDUNGU
HEDARU
MAORE
KISIWANI
NJORO
RUVU
20 0 20 40 Kilometers
N
SAME DISTRICTFUNCTIONAL WATER POINTS DENSITY BY WARDS IN 2006
Keyless than 1 water point per 1,000 peoplebetween 1 and 2 water points per 1,000 peoplebetween 2 and 4 water points per 1,000 peoplegreater than 4 water points per 1,000 people
Urban Ward Not Included in the Study
• Low cost appropriate technology vsmaintenance management systems
• Social Research to promote – Hygienic habits – Enhancing the feeling of ownership – Active Citizenship
• Empowerment and Involvement of local Universities
• Innovative technologies to monitor the coverage of access and health indicators
Open Challenges!!
Ahsante sana!
TUTAKUNYWA MAJI!!!