Basic Hydraulics
-
Upload
desancheze -
Category
Documents
-
view
241 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Basic Hydraulics
![Page 1: Basic Hydraulics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081723/5695d1001a28ab9b0294be7e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Drilling Hydraulics
Drilling Hydraulics
Hydraulics is the study of fluid in motion.Provide efficient use of the rig’s circulating equipment to provide maximum hydraulic energy, power or force to the hole bottom.Lower overall drilling cost.
![Page 2: Basic Hydraulics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081723/5695d1001a28ab9b0294be7e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
The fluid in motion provides power through the bit nozzles.
Drilling Fluid
![Page 3: Basic Hydraulics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081723/5695d1001a28ab9b0294be7e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Functions of Drilling Fluid
Carry rock cuttings to the surfaceClean cuttings from beneath the bitLubricate and cool the drill string and bitStabilize the hole wallControl subsurface pressure
Circulation System
PumpsStandpipe
Kelly HoseGooseneckSwivelKelly
Drill Pipe
Drill Collars
Bit
Annulus
Tanks
Reserve Pit
![Page 4: Basic Hydraulics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081723/5695d1001a28ab9b0294be7e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Resistance to Fluid Motion
Restrictions in the systemRough surfacesLength of the systemFluid propertiesAmount of fluid flowing
Pressure (lb./sq. in.)
A force or push is needed to move the fluid and overcome the resistance to motion.This force or push is defined as pressurePressure has units of pounds per square inch. (psi)Pressure is developed by the pistons in the pump pushing against the fluid.
![Page 5: Basic Hydraulics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081723/5695d1001a28ab9b0294be7e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Pressure
The magnitude of the pressure indicates the difficulty in pushing the fluid through the circulation system.The higher the pressure the more resistance there is to flow.
Principle Factors Affecting Pressure
Flow rateFlow areaLength or DistanceFluid Properties (Viscosity & Weight)
![Page 6: Basic Hydraulics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081723/5695d1001a28ab9b0294be7e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Flow Rate Affects Pump Pressure
Pipe length = 1000 feetPipe size = 4½ inch
Circulation Rate
400 GPM
800 GPM (2 times)
Pressure
67 PSI
244 PSI (almost 4 times)
Flow Area
![Page 7: Basic Hydraulics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081723/5695d1001a28ab9b0294be7e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Flow Area Affects Pump Pressure
Circulation rate = 400 GPMPipe length = 1000 feet
Pipe size
5 inch
4½ inch
Pressure
38 PSI
67 PSI (76% more)
Flow area
14.4 in2
11.5 in2
Length of the system or distance the fluid moves affects pressure.
![Page 8: Basic Hydraulics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081723/5695d1001a28ab9b0294be7e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Distance Affects Pump Pressure
Circulation rate = 400 GPMPipe size = 4½ inch
Pipe length
1000 feet
2000 feet (2 times)
Pressure
67 PSI
134 PSI (2 times)
Weight of the fluid affects pressure.
![Page 9: Basic Hydraulics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081723/5695d1001a28ab9b0294be7e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Fluid Properties Affect Pump PressureMud Weight
Circulation rate = 400 GPMPipe size = 4½ inch
Mud weight
10 PPG
12 PPG
Pressure
67 PSI
80 PSI (20% more)
Viscosity of fluid- Resistance to Flow
![Page 10: Basic Hydraulics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081723/5695d1001a28ab9b0294be7e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Plastic Viscosity
Circulation rate 400 GPMLength 1000 ft.Pipe Size 4½”Mud Weight 10 PPGPV = 15 CP. Pressure = 125 PSIPV = 50 CP. Pressure = 148 PSI
Increased Pump Pressure
Increased flow rateReduced flow areaIncreased length or distanceHigher mud weightHigher viscosity
![Page 11: Basic Hydraulics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081723/5695d1001a28ab9b0294be7e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Standpipe Pressure
The total pressure required to push the fluid through the system.
Pressure at end of the flow line is zero
![Page 12: Basic Hydraulics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081723/5695d1001a28ab9b0294be7e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Pump Pressure
PumpsStandpipe
Kelly HoseGooseneckSwivelKelly
Drill Pipe
Drill Collars
Bit
Annulus
Tanks
Reserve Pit
Maximize power or force at the Bit
Adjust principle factors so maximum allowable surface pressure is not exceeded.Within these limits we will make adjustments to deliver the maximum power or force to the hole bottom.
![Page 13: Basic Hydraulics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081723/5695d1001a28ab9b0294be7e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Theories on Bottom Hole Cleaning
Maximum Jet Impact ForceMaximum Bit Hydraulic Horsepower
Jet Impact Force
PumpsStandpipe
Kelly Hose
Bit
MaximumForce
System
![Page 14: Basic Hydraulics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081723/5695d1001a28ab9b0294be7e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Jet Impact Force
1342 psi - 48%
PumpsStandpipe
Bit
2800
System
1456 psi - 52%
Hydraulic Horsepower
PumpsStandpipe
Kelly Hose
Bit
Maximumpower
System
![Page 15: Basic Hydraulics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081723/5695d1001a28ab9b0294be7e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Hydraulic Horsepower
1820 psi - 65%
PumpsStandpipe
Bit
2800
System
980 psi - 35%
Which Theory Should Be Used?Which Theory Should Be Used?
Impact Force?Horsepower?
![Page 16: Basic Hydraulics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081723/5695d1001a28ab9b0294be7e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
ShallowLarger Diameter Hole
DeeperSmaller Diameter Hole
Which one to use?
Hydraulic Horsepower14% Higher Jet Exit Velocities35% Higher Pressures
Jet Impact Force20% Higher Flow Rates
Annular Velocity Needed toRemove Cuttings
Local ExperienceHole Cleaning– Expected Drilling Rate– Cuttings Carrying Capacity of the Fluid– Hole angle– Properties of Formation being Drilled
Properties of Formation up the Hole
![Page 17: Basic Hydraulics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081723/5695d1001a28ab9b0294be7e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Good Hydraulics Program
Uses equipment efficientlyDoes not exceed specified limitsAssists objectives of the drilling operationProvides a useable holeConsiders differences in applications
Optimum Hydraulic System Provides
Maximum Hydraulic Power at BitAdequate Annular HydraulicsLower Over-all Drilling Cost
![Page 18: Basic Hydraulics](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081723/5695d1001a28ab9b0294be7e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
HCC Hydraulics Output
HCC Hydraulics Output