Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social...
-
Upload
elinor-linette-riley -
Category
Documents
-
view
212 -
download
0
Transcript of Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social...
![Page 1: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Basic Features of Civilization
• P
• E
• R
• S
• I
• A
• Political Organization
• Economy
• Religion
• Society [Social Classes]
• Innovations [Technology]
• Art and Architecture
![Page 3: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
MesopotamiaLand Between Two Rivers
![Page 4: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Crossroads of Three Continents
![Page 5: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
MesopotamiaThe Fertile Crescent
![Page 6: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Sumerians3000 BCE
![Page 8: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Sumerian Political Organization
• Priests with religious and power– Success of crops– irrigation
• Warrior kings – Defense– Dynasties
• City-states—Ur• Laws• Taxes• Public Works
– Ziggurats – Walled cities
![Page 9: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Royal Standard of Ur
Depicts scenes of war and peace
![Page 10: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Economy
• Agriculture– Catastrophic floods
• Irrigation • Canals
– Date Palms, grains such as barley and wheat
• Trade– Traded—grain, cloth,
crafted tools– Received—stone, wood,
metal
![Page 11: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Mesopotamian Trade
![Page 12: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Sumerian Cylinder Seals
![Page 13: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Religion
• Polytheistic
• Goddesses
• Afterlife
• Pessimistic
![Page 14: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Society
• Social Hierarchy• Kings, ruling family and Priests• Merchants, scribes, lesser priests• Peasant farmers• Slaves
– Captured in war– Sold self into slavery to pay off
debts
![Page 15: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Sumerian Scribes
![Page 16: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Innovations
• Cuneiform• Canals, dams, irrigation• Mud bricked walls• Wheeled vehicles, sail, plow??• Number system based on 60• Arches, columns, ramps• Ziggurat
![Page 17: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
CuneiformWedge Shaped Writing on Clay Tablets
![Page 18: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Deciphering Cuneiform
![Page 19: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Metallurgy Skills
![Page 20: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Art and Architecture
![Page 21: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Ziggurats
![Page 22: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Gilgamesh
![Page 23: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The World’s First EmpireAkkadians
Sargon
![Page 24: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• Babylonian– Hammurabi
• Law Code
![Page 25: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Hammurabi’s Code
STELE
![Page 26: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Hammurabi the Judge
“Eye for an eye”
Why are written laws important?
![Page 27: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
HittitesBeginning of Iron Ageorigin in present day Turkey
1900 BCE-1193 BCE
Spoke wheeled chariots
Iron Weapons
![Page 28: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• Assyrians– Fierce– One of first world’s libraries
• Babylonian– Nebuchadnezzar
• Ishtar Gate• Hanging Gardens of Babylon
![Page 30: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Cyrus the Great580-529 BCE
• Tolerant ruler—allowed those within his empire to keep their own institutions
• Greeks called him “Law Giver”
• 537 BCE allowed over 40,000 Jews to return to Palestine
![Page 34: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Darius the Great526-485 BCE
• Built Persepolis• Extended empire to Indus River
—2 million square miles• Established tax collecting
system• Divided empire into satrapies• Royal road• Postal system• Network of spies
![Page 35: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Persepolis
![Page 36: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Royal Road
![Page 37: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Zoroaster“Zarathustra”
570 BCE
Good vs. Evil
Ahura Mazda vs. Ahriman
“Good thoughts, good words, good deeds”
![Page 38: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Extent of Zoroastrianism
![Page 39: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Trading Peoples
Aramaeans
![Page 40: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Phoenicians
![Page 41: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
• Phoenicians– Colonies– Alphabet– Purple Dye
![Page 42: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Carthage: Phoenicia’s Mightiest ColonyCarthage: Phoenicia’s Mightiest Colony
![Page 44: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Muryx Shell and
Purple Dye
![Page 45: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Byblos—Home of the Alphabet
![Page 47: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Lydians
![Page 48: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Israelites
• Information comes from archaeological digs, Egyptian and Assyrian royal annals, and the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament– not written down until 5th century BCE– Point of view of priests of the Temple of
Jerusalem– Disagreement by historians as to the degree
of accuracy
![Page 49: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
1900 BCE
Israelites and Abraham
![Page 50: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Moses and the Exodus
1200’s BCE
•Moses leads Israelites out of Egypt
•Renews covenant with God
![Page 51: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Route of the Exodus
![Page 52: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Temple Mount in Jerusalem Today
Solomon’s Temple Wall—Wailing Wall
![Page 54: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Israelites in Captivity
![Page 55: Basic Features of Civilization P E R S I A Political Organization Economy Religion Society [Social Classes] Innovations [Technology] Art and Architecture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f395503460f94c56e7e/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Israelites
Torah—first five books of the Hebrew Bible
approx. 400’s BCE