BASICS OF ENGLISH GRAMMARPRESENT TENSE BE, DEMONSTRATIVES, POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES, PRESENT CONTINOUS, CAN, PREPOSITIONS*WWW.WAY2CAMPUS.COM

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PRESENT TENSE BEThe verb BE has three forms: AM, IS, ARE, which we have to use according to the pronoun or subject. TO BEOccupationsNounsAdjectivesPlaces*WWW.WAY2CAMPUS.COM

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AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES*WWW.WAY2CAMPUS.COM

SubjectVerb FormExampleIAMI am a teacher.YouAREYou are a student.HeISHe is in the lab. SheISShe is my sister.ItISIt is a city. WeAREWe are friends. TheyAREThey are doctors.

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NEGATIVE SENTENCES You can make negative sentences similar to the sentences before. The only different is to add NOT after am, is, are, as you can see in the following chart.She is not sadThey are not in the school*WWW.WAY2CAMPUS.COM

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NEGATIVE SENTENCES*WWW.WAY2CAMPUS.COM

I am not I`m notHe She is notItHe`s not = He isntShes not = She isntIts not = It isntWe You are notTheyWere not = We arentYoure not = You arentTheyre not = They arent

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YES / NO QUESTIONSIn English we have to kind of questions: Yes/No questions and Wh-questions.The Yes / No Questions are called that because the answers always start with Yes or NoRemember to answer Yes/No questions you have to pay attention to the subject.

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YES / NO QUESTIONSareAreisIs*WWW.WAY2CAMPUS.COM

Affirmative Statement:Yes / No question:Short Answers:Full /Complete Answers:John and Peter students. John and Peter students?Yes, they are / No, they arentYes, they are students. / No they are not students.Affirmative Statement:Yes / No question:Short Answers:Full /Complete Answers:Mary tall and thin. Mary tall and thin?Yes, she is / No, she isntYes, she is tall and thin. / No, she is not tall and thin

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WH - QUESTIONSThe wh-questions look for information accoding to the question word.In this kind of questions you never answer Yes or No, because they are asking for some information. The answer is a statement with the information according to the question word.*WWW.WAY2CAMPUS.COM

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WH - QUESTIONS*WWW.WAY2CAMPUS.COM

Wh-wordInformation aboutExampleWhatThings Name Occupations ActivitiesWhat is this? It is a book.What is your name? Roberth.What do you do? I am a driver.What is he doing? Hes workingWhoPeopleWho is the director of the school? Carlos Samaniego.WherePlacesWhere is he? In the house.HowStateForm / mannerHow are you? I am sad.How is Loja? It is small.

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REVIEW

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StatementNegative StatementsYes/No QuestionShort AnswersI am a teacher.I am not a teacher.Am I a teacher?Yes, you are / No, you are notYou are a student.You are not a student.Are you a student?Yes, I am / No, I am notHe is in the lab. He is not in the lab. Is he in the lab?Yes, he is / No, he is notShe is my sister.She is not my sister.Is she my sister?Yes, she is / No, she is notIt is a city. It is not a city. Is it a city?Yes, it is / No, it is notWe are friends. We are not friends. Are we friends?Yes, we are / No, we are notThey are doctors. They are not doctors. Are they doctors? Yes, they are / No they are not

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DEMONSTRATIVESWe use THIS / THESE when the objects are near to the speaker.This is a blackboardThese are papersTHIS +Singular NounsTHESE + Plural Nouns*WWW.WAY2CAMPUS.COM

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DEMONSTRATIVESWe use THAT / THOSE when the objects are far from the speakers.That is a lake.Those are mountainsTHAT + Singular NounsTHOSE + Plural Nouns*WWW.WAY2CAMPUS.COM

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DEMONSTRATIVESQuestionsWhat is that? That is an airplane.Is that a bird? No, it is an airplane.

What are those? Those are booksAre those books? Yes, they are books.*WWW.WAY2CAMPUS.COM

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PLURAL NOUNS*WWW.WAY2CAMPUS.COM

Noun endingForming the pluralExampless, x, ch or shAdd -esboss - bosses tax - taxes bush - bushesconsonant + y Change y to i then Add esfly - flies try - tries curry curriesmost othersAdd -scat - cats face - faces day days

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IRREGULAR PLURAL*WWW.WAY2CAMPUS.COM

Noun typeForming the pluralExamplesEnds with -feChange f to v then Add sknife - knives life - lives wife - wivesEnds with fChange f to v then Add eshalf - halves wolf - wolves loaf - loavesEnds with - oAdd espotato - potatoes tomato - tomatoes volcano - volcanoes

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IRREGULAR PLURAL*WWW.WAY2CAMPUS.COM

Noun typeForming the pluralExamplesALL KINDSChange the vowel or Change the word or Add a different endingman - men foot - feet child - children person - people tooth - teeth mouse - miceUnchangingSingular and plural are the samesheep deer fish (sometimes)

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POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVESIMyYouYourHeHisSheHer+ItItsWeOurThey Their NOUN*WWW.WAY2CAMPUS.COM

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POSSESSIVE ADJTECTIVES

This is our houseHer pants are blueHis shirt is newThis is her cat*WWW.WAY2CAMPUS.COM

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POSSESSIVE FORM S

Kevins wife is Rose.His wife is Rose.Charlies book is black.The Childs mother is happy*WWW.WAY2CAMPUS.COM

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PREPOSITION OF PLACE*WWW.WAY2CAMPUS.COM

IN (dentro de)

In the house in a shopIn a room in a townIn a car in a gardenON (sobre una superficie)On a shelf on a wallOn a plate on the tableOn a balcony on a doorAT (lugar especfico)At the bus station at homeAt the door at the top At work at the end of

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PRESENT CONTINOUSThe present continous tense is used to describe activities that happen now, that means activities that are develop in the moment of speaking

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SubjectBE-ING FORMIAmSingingHeSheItIsSingingWe YouTheyAreSinging

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PRESENT CONTINOUS*WWW.WAY2CAMPUS.COM

AFFIRMATIVENEGATIVEYES/NO QUESTIONSI am dancingI am not dancingAm I dancing?You are eatingYou are not eatingAre you eating?He is sleepingHe is not sleepingIs he sleeping?She is readingShe is not readingIs she reading?It is runningIt is not runningIs it running?We are walkingWe are not walkingAre we walking?They are studyingThey are not studyingAre they studying?

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RULES

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Verb ending in...How to make the -ING formExamples1 vowel + 1 consonantDouble the consonant, then add INGswim - swimming hit - hitting get getting1 vowel + 1 consonant + E-Remove E, then add INGcomecoming lose - losing live living[anything else]Add INGsay - saying go - going walk - walking

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CAN / CANTCan is used to show abilityThey can danceHe cant play the pianoHe can play footballHe can swimHe can skate*WWW.WAY2CAMPUS.COM

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NEGATIVE AND QUESTIONS*WWW.WAY2CAMPUS.COM

AFFIRMATIVENEGATIVEYES/NO QUESTIONSSHORT ANSWERSI can cookI can not cookCan I cook?Yes, you can / No,you cantYou can danceYou can not danceCan you dance?Yes I can / No I cantHe can playHe can not playCan he play?Yes, he can / No, he can`tShe can swimShe can not swimCan she swim?Yes, she can / No, she cantIt can runIt can not runCan it run?Yes, it can / No, it cantWe can singWe can not singCan we sing?Yes, we can / No, we cantThey can walk They can not walk Can they walk ?Yes, they can / No, they cant

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