Basic electrical comp
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Transcript of Basic electrical comp
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HCLT Confidential
ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
Ganesh Kumar.M
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Agenda
VIISTA
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FUSE
A safety device that protects an electric circuit from becoming overloaded.
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FUSE
� Fuse - is a type of over current protection device.
� Its essential component is a metal wire or strip that
melts when too much current flows, which interrupts the
circuit in which it is connected.
� Short circuit, overload or device failure is often the
reason for excessive current
� A fuse interrupts excessive current (blows) so that
further damage by overheating or fire is prevented.
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MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB)
An automatic switch that stops the flow of electric current in a suddenly overloaded or otherwise abnormally stressed electric circuit
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� when excessive current develops, a circuit breaker opens to protect
equipment .
� These abnormal currents are usually the result of short circuits
created by lightning, accidents, deterioration of equipment.
� A protective device that opens a circuit upon sensing a current
overload. Unlike a fuse, it can be reset.
MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB)
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MCB WORKING
� Able to protect the wiring and the loads of electrical circuits.
� MCB’s are a Thermal-Magnetic type circuit breaker.
� Thermal part loads (motors, heaters, power supplies, etc.)
� will be protected from short circuits by its magnetic parts.
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MCB APPLN
� These are manufactured for fault level of up to 10KA.
� Only with operating current range of 0.5 to 63 Amps.
� Available types are single, double and three pole version.
� Mainly used for control voltage protection.
� Machine Lighting.
� Cooling unit.
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Type B devices are generally suitable for domestic applications. They may also
be used in light commercial applications where switching surges are low or
non-existent.
Type C devices are the normal choice for commercial and industrial
applications where fluorescent lighting, motors etc. are in use.
Type D devices have more limited applications, normally in industrial use
where high inrush currents may be expected. Examples include large battery
charging systems, winding motors, transformers, X-ray machines and some
types of discharge lighting.
Type B devices are designed to trip at fault currents of 3-5 times rated current
(In). For example a 10A device will trip at 30-50A.
Type C devices are designed to trip at 5-10 times In (50-100A for a 10A
device).
Type D devices are designed to trip at 10-20 times In (100-200A for a 10A
device).
MCB TRIPPING
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Curve Graph
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MOULDED CASE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCCB)
An automatic switch that stops the flow of electric current in a suddenly overloaded or otherwise abnormally stressed electric circuit for high SC production.
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MCCB (Mould case circuit breakers)
� MCCB’s are Moulded case Circuit breakers, with
protection facilities of over current, earth fault.
� They are manufactured for fault levels of 16KA
to 50KA and operating current range of 25A to
630Amps.
� They are used for application related with larger
power flow requirement.
� In machines it is used for main supply
connection.
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MOTOR PROTECTION CIRCUIT BREAKER (MPCB)
An automatic switch that stops the flow of electric current in a suddenly overloaded or Short circuit protection.
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MPCB (MOTOR PROTECTION CIRCUIT BREAKER)
Motor Protection Circuit Breakers may
provide the following protective and
control functions.
� Disconnect for Motor Branch Circuit
� Branch-Circuit, Short-Circuit Protection
(Magnetic Protection)
� Overload Protection (Thermal Protection)
� High Current Limiting
� High Switching Capacity
� Current Range 0.1…630 A
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HCLT ConfidentialSlide 15
A relay is an electrically operated switch.
Relay
TYPES OF RELAY:
• Latching relay.
• Solid state relay.
• Over load protection relay.
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HCLT ConfidentialSlide 16
� Electrical device such that current flowing through it in one circuit can switch
on and off a current in a second circuit.
� Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism
mechanically.
� A relay is used to isolate one electrical circuit from another.
� It allows a low current control circuit to make or break an electrically
isolated high current circuit path.
� Normally-open (NO) contacts connect the circuit when the relay is
activated; the circuit is disconnected when the relay is inactive.
� Normally-closed (NC) contacts disconnect the circuit when the relay is
activated; the circuit is connected when the relay is inactive
Relay Operation
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CONTACTOR
A contactor is an electrically controlled switch used for switching a power circuit, similar to a relay except with higher current ratings.
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CONTACTOR
� A contactor is controlled by a circuit which has a much lower power level than the
switched circuit
� Unlike a circuit breaker, a contactor is not intended to interrupt a short circuit
current.
� A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an electric
motor is called a contactor.
� Contactors typically have multiple contacts, and those contacts are usually
normally-open, so that power to the load is shut off when the coil is de-energized.
� The most common industrial use for contactors is the control of electric motors.
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PUSH BUTTONS
Actuating any function in the
machine can be done by Push Buttons.
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� It is a simple switch mechanism for controlling some aspect of a
machine or a process.
� Buttons are typically made out of hard material, usually plastic or
metal
� Pushbuttons are often color-coded to associate them with their
function so that the operator will not push the wrong button in error.
� Commonly used colors are RED for stopping the machine or
process and GREEN for starting the machine or process.
� Secured operations can be done by Key Switch.
PUSH BUTTON
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EMO Switch
Emergency Machine Off.
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EMO Switch
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CONNECTORS & CRIMPS
Connector is an Electro-Mechanical device for joining Electrical Circuits as an interface using a mechanical assembly.
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� A D-sub contains two or more parallel rows of pins or sockets
usually surrounded by a D-shaped metal shield that provides
mechanical support .
� The part containing pin contacts is called the male connector or
plug, while that containing socket contacts is called the female
connector or socket .
D-Sub CONNECTORS
Click
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� Communications Ports (RS-232 serial communications )
� Network Ports. (Ethernet, network interface cards, )
� Computer Video Port. (VGA Adapters)
� Game Controller Port.
D-Sub CONNECTORS Appln
Click
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� Circular Plastic Connectors (CPC).
� Lightweight, all-plastic connectors and metal-shell versions
available.
� CPC connectors are UL 94V-0 rated stabilized, heat resistant, self-
extinguishing thermoplastic material .
� Operating temperature range: -55°C - 105°C
� Unique contact pattern for each position size helps prevent
accidental mating with other position sizes
CPC CONNECTORS
Click
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CABLES
A device for connecting electrical devices together.
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CABLES
Cable Basics
� Conductor is a material which contains movable electric charges.
� Of the metals commonly used for conductors, copper has a high conductivity. Silver
is more conductive, but due to cost it is not practical in most cases. Aluminum has
been used as a conductor in housing applications for cost reasons.
� Electrical Wires are either solid or stranded Conductors. "Solid Conductors" are
exactly that, one solid Wire. "Stranded Conductors" consist of a Wire made of a
number of smaller Wire strands wrapped around each other.
� The choice between solid or stranded depends on the need for flexibility in handling
and working with the Wire. Smaller electrical Wire Sizes are generally made of solid
Conductors; while Wires larger than Number 6 AWG are generally stranded.
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CABLES
� Insulation separates conductors electrically and physically within a cable.
� The jacket physically protects the internal components of a cable, improves the
cable’s appearance and provides flame redundancy.
� Protects from the environment
� Drain Wire Metallic conductor frequently used in contact with foil-type signal-cable
shielding to provide a low-resistance ground return at any point along the shield.
� Twisted pair cabling is a type of wiring in which two conductors (the forward and
return conductors of a single circuit) are twisted together for the purposes of
canceling out electromagnetic interference (EMI) from external sources; for instance,
electromagnetic radiation from unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables, and crosstalk
between neighboring pairs.
.
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AMERICAN WIRE GAUGE(AWG)
American wire gauge (AWG) is a standardized wire gauge system
used predominantly in the United States and Canada for the
diameters of round, solid, nonferrous, electrically conducting wire.
The cross-sectional area of each gauge is an important factor for
determining its current-carrying capacity
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AWG TABLE
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SHRINK TUBING
Shrink tubing - is a sleeve ordinarily made of nylon or polyolefin, which shrinks in diameter when heated.
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HCLT ConfidentialSlide 33
� Its diameter and thickness can vary. Heat shrink tubing is rated by its
expansion ratio, a comparative of the differences in expansion and recovery
rate.
� Heat shrink is used to insulate wires offering abrasion resistance and
environmental protection for stranded and solid wire conductors,
connections, joints and terminals in electrical engineering.
� To protect wires or small parts from minor abrasion, and to create cable
entry seals.
� Common shrink ratio is 2:1, while high-grade polyolefin heat shrink is
available in 3:1
� Heat shrink tubing is available in a variety of colors to allow easier color
coding of wires and connections
Heat Shrink Tubing
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Heat Shrink Tubing
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SHIELDING
Shielding - Contains electrical energy so that the signal on the cable does not radiate and interfere with signals in other nearby cables and circuitry.
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� It is the process of reducing the electromagnetic field in a space by
blocking the field with barriers made of conductive and/or magnetic
materials .
� Shielding is typically applied
� 1) to enclosures to isolate electrical devices from the 'outside world' and
� 2) to cables to isolate wires from the environment through which the
cable runs
� The cable shielding and its termination must provide a low-
impedance path to ground. .
� A shielded cable that is not grounded does not work effectively.
� Make sure the equipment that the cable is connected is properly
grounded.
SHIELDING
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SHIELDING
•Protects the signal from external interference.
Shielding materials-
� Metallic foil
� Braid
� French braid™
� Spiral (serve)
� Semi-conductive
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GROUNDING
Ground or Earth may be the reference point in an electrical circuit from which other voltages are measured
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� In mains powered equipment, exposed metal parts are connected to
ground to prevent contact with a dangerous voltage if electrical
insulation fails.
� An electrical ground system should have an appropriate current-
carrying capability in order to serve as an adequate zero-voltage
reference level.
� Signal Ground is a reference point from which that
signal is measured.
� Chassis ground is the box or frame in which
a circuit is built.
GROUNDING
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TERMINALS
A device for joining electrical circuits together
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� A terminal is the point at which a conductor from an electrical
component, device or network comes to an end and provides a point
of connection to external circuits .
� A screw terminal is a type of electrical connector where a wire is
clamped down to metal by a screw .
TERMINALS
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BusBar
A device used for Making Multi- Connection
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� In electrical power distribution, a busbar is a thick strip of copper or
aluminum that conducts electricity within a switchboard, distribution board,
substation or other electrical apparatus.
� Busbars are used to carry very large currents, or to distribute current to
multiple devices within switchgear or equipment.
� Busbars are typically either flat strips or hollow tubes as these shapes allow
heat to dissipate more efficiently due to their high surface area to cross-
sectional area ratio.
BusBar
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PD overview
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