Objectives:

1. Demonstrate the process of distillation as a way of separating mixtures2. Give the products derived from the process of distillation.

Equipment and Materials:

1 pc Liebig condenser1 pc Bunsen burner1 set LPG tank

Materials

2 pc beakers, 250 ml a box of match125 ml dyed water 1 pc laboratory gown1 pc graduated cylinder, 100 ml 1 pc laboratory gloves2 pc alcohol thermometer 1 pail of water1 pc Florence flask 1 pc funnel3 pc universal clamp 1 rubber stopper of glass tubing 2 pc rubber hose, latex, Ø 10mm x Ø8mm x 500mm long for condenser attachment1 pc rubber stopper or cork, two-holes for Florence flask 1 pc bent glass tubing for 1 pc Erlenmeyer flask, 250 ml condenser attachment2 pc stands set3 pc stand rods, 9.5 mm x 500 mm2 pc stand base3 pc multi clamps

Chemicals

125 ml dyed water/ coffee mixture

Safety Precautionary Measures :

Wear laboratory gown and gloves for protectionTie back long hair and refrain from wearing loose clothing while working around a burnin n flameKeep flammable materials away from the Bunsen burnerNo horse playing when performing the activityFollow procedures carefully and with utmost attention

Procedure

1. Prepare the set-up to be used for the demonstration of the Distillation process as in Figure 1 on page 22 .

BASIC DISTILLATION

NAME _____________________________________ GROUP ______________

SECTION ___________________________________ DATE ______________

DepEd-NSTIC

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The following are the procedures :

a) Prepare the stand set up and assemble.b) Attach the ring with stem using a universal clamp c) Place the wire gauze on top of the ring and stem.d) Mount the Florence flask on top of the wire gauze using the universal clamp . e) Place a wire gauze on top of the ring with stem. Place the jaws of the clamp above

the flask.CAUTION : Do not over tighten the clamp as it may break the flask

f) Adjust the height of the clamp, the Florence flask and the ring with stem to leave enough room for the Bunsen burner.

g) Carefully insert a two-holed rubber stopper into the Florence flask . Use a twisting motion with gentle pressure. Protect your hands with the use of a pair of hand gloves, a rag and use water or glycerin to lubricate the rubber stopper. One ( 1) cm or less of the glass tubing should stick out of the rubber stopper when finished.

h) Attach the Florence flask to the Liebig condenser using a glass tubing bent for this purpose and insert through a second hole of the rubber stopper and the rubber stopper fitted to the left mouth of the Liebig condenser. Make sure there is a snug fit between the two

Note: See to it that there is no air leak between the rubber stopper and glass tubing and between the rubber stopper and the mouth of the flask.

i) Mount the right end of the Liebig condenser to the second stand set with the use of the universal clamp. The angle of the clamp needs to be adjusted so that it matches the angle of the Florence flask

j) Insert the rubber stopper into the opening of the condenser column and ensure that there is a snug fit.

k) Attach one length of rubber hose to the lower condenser jacket . The other end of the rubber tubing should be placed over the nozzle of the lab sink. This serves as the water inlet

l) Mount a glass funnel to put water into the rubber hose by the use of a universal clamp

m) Carefully insert a thermometer into the second hole of the rubber stopper with the glass tubing on the other hole. Use a twisting motion with gentle pressure. Protect your hands with rags, and use water or glycerine to lubricate the thermometer. Place the stopper in the opening of the flask's neck. Adjust the level of the thermometer so that the alcohol bulb is a little below the opening of the glass tubing.

n) Place an Erlenmeyer flask underneath the spout of the condenser to collect the distillate.

o) Attach a Bunsen burner to a gas tank, and adjust the rubber tubing so that the burner sits safely beneath the Florence flask.

p) See to it that all components are well secured.q) Pour 125 ml of dyed water/coffee mixture into the flask and secure it to the universal

clamp attached to the left stand rod. Why half-filled ?

Student Worksheet–Basic Distillation (2 of 4) DepEd-NSTIC

r) Drop a few boiling stones into the flask with the solution or mixtures) Finally, turn the faucet on slowly and steadily. It just needs a small water flow to cool

the condenser as too much of water flow might end up the tube to pop off.Note: See to it that there is no air leak between the rubber stopper and glass tubing and between the rubber stopper and the mouth of the flask

t) Ignite the burner and place it under the Florence flask.

u) Continue keeping up the flame until some of the distillate is collected inside the cylinder. Use the hottest portion of the flame in heating the mixture.

v) Extinguish the burner when the measuring cylinder contains approximately 20 ml of liquid.

w) Compare the color of the liquid and the Florence flask and the liquid collected inside the graduated cylinder . Compare the temperature on the Florence flask and the distillate.

Figure 1. Basic Distillation Set-up

Questions :

1. What do you call the mixture that is used in this activity ? 2. What process is used in the separation of this mixture ?

Student Worksheet–Basic Distillation ( 3 of 4) DepEd-NSTIC

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3. What kind of process is involved in distillation?4. What are the physical processes involved in distillation? 5. What do you call the result that you have seen after the demonstration of the

activity?6. What are the different products derived from the process of distillation?

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