BASIC CONCEPTS IN THE WORLD OF CREATIVITY

Creativity is…

Types of creativity

BIG C Sublime creativity Prime creativity

Small c Everyday creativity Minor creativity

BIG C Creative individual

Leonardo da Vinci, al-Jazari, P. Ramlee, Sun-Tzu, Nicola Tesla, Edison, Einstein etc.

Creative organisation Sun System, ICI, Seiko, Microsoft, BMW, MG, Boeing,

Coca Cola, McDonald, Toyota, HP, Arthur Anderson, MAN, MOTOROLA, DELL, AT&T, CNN, NABISCO etc.

Creative country USA, Finland, Singapore, Luxembourg, Sweden,

Ireland, Holland, UK, Iceland etc.

(Global Competitiveness Report 2000) Small c

Everybody

Thinking Paradigm Old Thinking Innovative Thinking

Competition National Focus Globally Driven

Growth Drivers Labor/Capital Knowledge/Creativity

Workers skills Job Specific Broad/Cross Training

Education Degree/Job Skills Lifelong Learning

Organization Structure Hierarchical Networked & Horizontal

Markets Stable Dynamic & Changing

Production Mass Production Fluid & Flexible

Research Lower Priority Constant & High Profile

Technology Drivers Mechanized Digitalized

Competitive Advantage Lower Cost/Efficiency Innovation, High Quality & Speed

Traditional Thinking vs Innovative Thinking

Larry R. Williams (2002) in 8 Windows to Creative Thinking

“Innovation is a process by which new information emerges and is concretized in a product that

meets human needs”. (Nonaka & Kenney, 1991)

“…is the process of taking a creative idea and turning it into a useful product, service, or

method of operation”(Stephen & David, 2001)

“Innovating is a process of changing, experimenting, transforming, revolutionizing…”

(Robins & Coulter, 2002)

“Innovation is the process of generating something new and viable that adds ‘value’ to an individual, organization or society”

(Ed Benacki, 2002)

Innovation is…

“Innovation is typically thought of as putting creative ideas to work. In the world of business, it connotes a new product or service or process by

which an enterprise can make money or save money. In the world of science, innovators are

often seen as those scientists and researchers who can convert a new substances or a new finding

into a commercially viable product. Innovation has always been one of the key engines or growth for

commerce and industry”.

(Janszen, 2000)

“Innovations means taking new ideas and turning them into corporate and marketplace”

(Jeff & Richard, 2003)

“Innovation refers to the process of bringing any new, problem solving idea into use. Ideas for reorganizing, cutting costs, putting in new budgetary systems, improving communication or assembling products teams are also innovations.”

(Kanter, 1983)

OBJECTIVE OF INNOVATION

1. MINIMISE COST2. IMPROVE QUALITY3. UPGRADE PERFORMANCE

1. Improvement.2. Additional.3. New

Alan G. Robinson & Sam Stern (1998). Corporate Creativity: How Innovation & Improvement Actually Happen.

TYPE OF INNOVATION1. SOCIAL INNOVATIONEfficiency innovation - Kwik-Fit (tyre & exhaust

service), Toyota & JIT, Benetton & ‘colourless fabric’, Ramly Burger & small outlet etc.

2. TECHNICAL INNOVATION Evolutionary innovation (incremental) -

RAM, mobile phone etc. Revolutionary innovation (radical) - new

RAM, new xerox machine etc.

Additional reading: Clayton M. Christensen (2000). Innovation & The General Manager.

Invention• Invenire - exist; Invent - to create.

• Lorraine (1997): “Invention is the process through which something is produced or constructed by original thought.”

• Braun (1998): “An invention is a novel technological idea that need never reach production or the market.”

• Bell (2001): “Invention is science-driven, and today ultimately derives from the codification of theoretical knowledge, and from the the unfolding logic of technology, such as miniaturization, greater speeds, use of and adaptation to new materials etc.”

Type of INVENTION

1. Concrete product.

• The product could be observed.

• Commersialised.

• e.g. TV, biodegradable plastic bag etc.

2. Abstract product.

• Social invention.

• The ‘products’ include formula, method, strategy, tactic etc.

• e.g. Hypermarket, OMO, TnG,

CRE8TVTEA , INNONATION & INVENTION

Risks & Unknown Territory

Richard Fobes (1999), The Creative Problem Solver

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INNOVATION & INVENTION (1ST PERSPECTIVE)

Invention Innovation

Creating a novel product.

Modifying a product.

High risk. Low risk.

Unexpected result.

Expected result.

Personal satisfaction.

Commercial orientation; making profit for the organisation.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INNOVATION & INVENTION (2ND PERSPECTIVE)

Invention Innovation

Involves directly to technology.

Not directly involved to technology.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INVENTOR AND INNOVATOR

Inventor Innovator

Someone who creates or

produces an original device, idea or process.

e.g. Edison

Someone who takes new ideas and

turning them into corporate and marketplace.

e.g. Morita

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING

Science

Technology

Engineering

Invention

Science Technology

Goal:Pursuit of knowledge and understanding for its own sake

The creation of artifacts and systems to meet people's needs

Goals achieved through:

Corresponding Scientific Processes

Key Technological Processes

Development Methods:

Discovery (controlled by experimentation)

Design, invention, production

Evaluation Methods: Analysis, generalization and creation of theories

Analysis and synthesis of design

Motto:

Reductionism, involving the isolation and definition of distinct concepts

Holism, involving the integration of many competing demands, theories, data and ideas

Result Relevance: Making virtually value-free statements

Activities always value-laden

Mission: The search for and theorizing about cause

The search for and theorizing about new processes

Sains Teknologi

(1) Ilmu. Teknik. (2) Satu penyiasatan secara teori/

eksperimen yang sering bersistem terhadap alam tabii.

Teknologi tertentu.

(3) Satu bentuk aktiviti budaya. Satu bentuk aktiviti budaya. (4) Satu usaha menyeluruh secara

berkelompok dan tertentu dalam masyarakat.

Satu usaha menyeluruh secara berkelompok dan tertentu dalam masyarakat.

(Sumber: Azizan, 1993)

Saintis Ahli teknologi

Melakukan. Membangunkan sistem untuk menterjemahkan maklumat dan idea.

Tanya soalan (inquiry) tentang kejadian yang berlaku kepada alam semula jadi.

Membina bangunan, jambatan, kenderaan dan lain-lain.

Menemui dan mencadangkan teori baru.

Menghasilkan produk dan barangan.

Melakukan eksperimen dalam keadaan yang terkawal.

Membawa manusia dan barangan.

Mengesah dan menafikan teori.

Melakukan pembiakan tumbuh-tumbuhan dan haiwan ternakan baru.

(Sumber: Hacker dan Barden, 1992)

Peringkat Sumbangan kejuruteraan Penanaman dan penuaian

Sensor dan penyeliaan, alat menuai

Pra-proses Pengisaran, pengeringan dan penyimpanan, ujian kualiti Pemprosesan Kaedah ekstrak, on-line sensors, analisis kimia,

optimization, sintesis proses dan reka bentuk, kaedah ekstrak terkini, batch process optimization

Tambah nilai dan pengeluaran produk akhir

Pengeringan spray atau penyejukan, campuran dan formulasi, pemprosesan batch, kejuruteraan pengeluaran, pengeluaran hasil akhir (kapsul, tablet atau lain-lain).

(Sumber: Ramlan Abdul Aziz, Mohamad Roji Sarmidi, Sivakumar Kumaresan dan

Dominic Chwan Yee Foo, 2005)