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BASIC CONCEPTS AND DESIGNING OF

NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE

INTRODUCTION TONETWORKING IN LINUX

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ESSENTIAL PROTOCOLS USED IN NETWORKING

1. HTTP

2. TCP

3. IP

4. OSPF

5. ARP

6. FTP

7. UDP

8. IGRP

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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROTOCOLS

Ethernet - Provides for transport of information betweenphysical locations on ethernet cable. Data is passed inethernet packets

IP - Internet Protocol (IP). Except for ARP and RARP allprotocols' data packets will be packaged into an IP datapacket. Provides the mechanism to use software toaddress and manage data packets being sent to

computers.

ICMP - Internet control message protocol (ICMP)provides management and error reporting to help managethe process of sending data between computers.

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CONTINUED

ARP - Address resolution protocol (ARP) enables the packagingof IP data into ethernet packages. It is the system and messagingprotocol that is used to find the ethernet (hardware) address froma specific IP number. Without this protocol, the ethernet packagecould not be generated from the IP package, because theethernet address could not be determined.

TCP - A reliable connection oriented protocol used to control themanagement of application level services between computers.

UDP - An unreliable connection less protocol used to control themanagement of application level services between computers.

DNS - Domain Name Service, allows the network to determine IPaddresses from names and vice versa.

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DHCP - Dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) is a methodof assigning and controlling the IP addresses of computers on agiven network. It is a server based service that automaticallyassigns IP numbers when a computer boots. This way the IPaddress of a computer does not need to be assigned manually.

IGMP - Internet Group Management Protocol used to supportmulticasting.

RIP - Routing Information Protocol (RIP), used to dynamicallyupdate router tables on WANs or the internet.

OSPF - Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) dynamic routingprotocol.

BGP - Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). A dynamic router protocolto communicate between routers on different systems.

CIDR - Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR).

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CONTINUED

FTP - File Transfer Protocol (FTP). Allows file transferbetween two computers with login required.

SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).

NFS - Network File System (NFS). A protocol that allows

UNIX and Linux systems remotely mount each other's filesystems.

Telnet - A method of opening a user session on a remotehost.

Ping - A program that uses ICMP to send diagnostic

messages to other computers to tell if they are reachableover the network.

Rlogin - Remote login between UNIX hosts. This isoutdated and is replaced by Telnet.

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NIC (NETWORK INTERFACE CONTROLLER)

A network interface controller (NIC) (also known asa network interface card, network adapter, LANadapter and by similar terms) is a computerhardware component that connects a computerto

a computer network. The network controller implements the electronic circuitry

required to communicate using a specific physical layerand data link layer standard such as Ethernet, Wi-Fi orToken Ring. This provides a base for a full

networkprotocol stack, allowing communication amongsmall groups of computers on the same LAN and large-scale network communications through routable protocols,such as IP.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Token_Ringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_stackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LANhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LANhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_stackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Token_Ringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardware

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NIC CHIP

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DESIGN OF LAN NETWORK

Lan is designed within an area of 1-2 km.

We need to have atleast one NIC card /ethernetcard fabricated on our mother board.

The adapter need to be installed to enable NICchip on the workstation.

We configure IP settings (presently IPv4 -32 bit

number) of each host within the network. We willassign unique private IP to each host in thenetwork. All IPs should belong to same network.

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TELNET FOR REMOTE ACCESS

TURN ON TELNET CLIENT AND TELNET SERVER INWINDOWS FEATURES.

Use command pkgmgr/iu:TelnetClient

Use command pkgmgr/iu:TelnetServer

sudo apt-get install telnetd REMOTE PC SHOULD BE ON.

USE PING COMMAND TO CHECK THE STATUS OFREMOTE PC.

DO TELNET

LOGIN VIA ANOTHER USER (should not be the root.)

BECOME SUPERUSER BY su

TYPE PASSWORD

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TELNET CONTINUED

NOW YOU ARE INSIDE THE TERMINAL OF YOURREMOTE PC.

YOU CAN TYPE EXIT TO GET OUT OF YOURREMOTE SERVER ANYTIME.

RESTRICTION : ONE CAN ONLY ACCESSREMOTE SERVER AS A CLI INTERFACE.

WE USE RPC CALLS AND SOFTWARES LIKE

>TEAM VIEWER 7

> MIKOGO For remote access, desktop sharing etc which are

GUI based and use RPC calls.

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SITES TO LEARN NETWORKS

http://class.stanford.edu/networking/Fall2012

http://www.nettech.in/course/

http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/IIT-

MADRAS/Computer_Networks/index.php

https://www.coursera.org/course/comnetwork

s

http://class.stanford.edu/networking/Fall2012http://www.nettech.in/course/http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/IIT-MADRAS/Computer_Networks/index.phphttp://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/IIT-MADRAS/Computer_Networks/index.phphttps://www.coursera.org/course/comnetworkshttps://www.coursera.org/course/comnetworkshttps://www.coursera.org/course/comnetworkshttps://www.coursera.org/course/comnetworkshttp://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/IIT-MADRAS/Computer_Networks/index.phphttp://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/IIT-MADRAS/Computer_Networks/index.phphttp://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/IIT-MADRAS/Computer_Networks/index.phphttp://www.nettech.in/course/http://class.stanford.edu/networking/Fall2012http://class.stanford.edu/networking/Fall2012http://class.stanford.edu/networking/Fall2012