BASIC CHEMISTRY · 3 ATOMS Basic unit of matter Two regions Nucleus Electron cloud Atomic particles...
Transcript of BASIC CHEMISTRY · 3 ATOMS Basic unit of matter Two regions Nucleus Electron cloud Atomic particles...
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BASIC
CHEMISTRY
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ATOMS Basic unit of matter
Two regions Nucleus
Electron cloud
Atomic particles Protons
• Positively charged particles
• Located in the nucleus
Neutrons • Neutral particles
• Located in the nucleus & act as the glue there
Electrons • Negatively charged particles
• Located in the electron cloud
• These are the particles involved in chemical reactions
C6
Carbon
12.011
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ATOMS
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Elements
Elements
Contain all of the same type of atom within the element
Elements of Life
•96% Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), and Nitrogen (N)
•3% P, S, Ca, K, Na, Cl
•1% other trace elements
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Periodic Table of Elements All elements are arranged on the
Periodic Table…
Horizontal ROWS are called periods
Vertical COLUMNS are called groups
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Isotopes
Isotopes
Elements that contain a different number of neutrons
Radioactive isotopes will breakdown at a specific rate and the radiation emitted can be used in many technologies/figuring the age of different things
(i.e. fossils & rocks)
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6 protons6 electrons 6 neutrons
6 protons 6 electrons 7 neutrons
6 protons6 electrons8 neutrons
All of these are carbon because they
have 6 protons. They are just different
forms of carbon.
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Ions
Charged atoms formed when
electrons are gained or lost.
Sodium atom (Na) Chlorine atom (Cl) Sodium ion (Na+) Chloride ion (Cl-)
Transferof electron
Protons +11
Electrons -11
Charge 0
Protons +17
Electrons -17
Charge 0
Protons +11
Electrons -10
Charge +1
Protons +17
Electrons -18
Charge -1
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Compounds
A pure substance formed when two or
more different elements combine
Compounds are always formed from a specific
combination of elements in a fixed ratio.
Compounds cannot be broken down into simpler
compounds or elements by physical means.
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Compounds are held together by
chemical bonds which are based upon
the individual elements desire for 8
outer electrons.
In compounds, all atoms are stable
having 8 valence electrons.
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Types of Chemical Bonds
Ionic Bonds
Covalent Bonds
Hydrogen bonds
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Ionic Bonds
Electrical attraction between two
oppositely charged atoms or groups of
atoms (“steals” electrons)
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Covalent Bonds
Chemical bond that
forms when electrons
are shared
A molecule is a
compound in which
the atoms are held
together by covalent
bonds.
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Nanoparticles
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Write this in the Summary Section
Nanoparticles are clusters of atoms and are very small- only one billionth of a meter in size.