Basic Cell Structures
-
Upload
amyamirah4 -
Category
Documents
-
view
228 -
download
0
Transcript of Basic Cell Structures
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
1/41
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
2/41
IntroductionIntroduction Cells are the basic units of organisms
Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells:
Animal Cell Plant Cell
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
3/41
Plant CellPlant Cell
Made of cellulosewhich forms very thinfibres
Strong and rigid In plant cells only
Cell wall
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
4/41
Protect and supportthe enclosedsubstances(protoplasm)
Resist entry of excesswater into the cell
Give shape to the cell
Cell wall Plant CellPlant Cell
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
5/41
A dead layer
Large empty spacespresent between
cellulose fibres
@ freely permeable
Cell wall Plant CellPlant Cell
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
6/41
Lies immediatelyagainst the cell wall
Made of protein andlipid @ Selectivelypermeable
Cell membranePlant CellPlant Cell
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
7/41
A living layer Can control the
movement of
materials into andout of the cell
Cell membranePlant CellPlant Cell
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
8/41
Jelly-like substanceenclosed by cellmembrane
Provide a medium forchemical reactions totake place
Cytoplasm Plant CellPlant Cell
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
9/41
Contains organellesand granules :e.g. chloroplaste.g. mitochondrion
CytoplasmPlant CellPlant Cell
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
10/41
OrganellesOrganellesvery small size can only be
observed under electronmicroscope
has specific functions
in cytoplasm
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
11/41
Contain the greenpigment chlorophyll
To trap light energy,to make food byphotosynthesis
Plant CellPlant Cell Chloroplast
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
12/41
Contain starch grains(products of
photosynthesis)
ChloroplastPlant CellPlant Cell
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
13/41
Rod shape For respiration
Plant CellPlant Cell Mitochondrion
( mitochondria )
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
14/41
Active cells ( eg.sperms, liver cells)have moremitochondria
Plant CellPlant Cell Mitochondrion( mitochondria )
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
15/41
Starch granules Oil droplets
Crystals of insolublewastes
Plant CellPlant Cell Non-living
granules
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
16/41
large central vacuole Surrounded by tonoplast Contains cell sap
a solution of chemicals(sugars, proteins,mineral salts, wastes,pigments)
Plant CellPlant Cell Vacuole
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
17/41
Control the normalactivities of the cell
Bounded by anuclear membrane
Contains thread-like chromosomes
Plant Cell
Nucleus
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
18/41
Each cell has fixednumber of chromosomes Chromosomes carry
genes
genes control cell characteristics
Nucleus
Plant CellPlant Cell
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
19/41
Different kinds of plant cellsDifferent kinds of plant cells
Onion Epidermal Cells
Root Hair Cell
root hair
Guard Cells
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
20/41
mitochondrion
nucleus
glycogen
granule
cellmembrane
cytoplasm
Animal cellAnimal cell
No cell wall andchloroplast
Stores glycogengranules and oildroplets in thecytoplasm
vacuole
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
21/41
Different kinds of animal cellsDifferent kinds of animal cells
white blood cell
red blood cell
cheek cellssperm
nerve cell
muscle cell
Amoeba
Paramecium
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
22/41
Similarities between plant cellsSimilarities between plant cellsand animal cellsand animal cells
Both have a cell membrane surroundingthe cytoplasm
Both have a nucleus
Both contain mitochondria
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
23/41
Differences between plant cellsDifferences between plant cellsand animal cellsand animal cells
Animal cells Plant cellsRelatively smaller in
size
Irregular shape
No cell wall
Relatively larger insize
Regular shape
Cell wall present
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
24/41
Animal cells Plant cellsVacuole small or absent
Glycogen granules asfood store
Nucleus at the centre
Large central vacuole
Starch granules asfood store
Nucleus near cell wall
Differences between plant cellsDifferences between plant cellsand animal cellsand animal cells
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
25/41
The cell as the basic unit of lifeThe cell as the basic unit of life Cell is the smallest unit of living organisms Unicellular organisms are made of one cell
only
The cells of multicellular organisms arespecialized to perform different functions e.g. mesophyll cells for photosynthesis
and root hair cells for water absorption
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
26/41
Levels of organizationLevels of organization
Cells are grouped together and work as a whole to perform special
functions
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
27/41
TissueTissue
A group of similar cells to perform aparticular function Animals : epithelial tissue, muscular
tissue Plants : vascular tissue, mesophyll
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
28/41
OrganOrganDifferent tissues group together tocarry out specialized functions Heart : consists of muscles,
nervous tissue and blood vessels
Leaf : consists of epidermis,mesophyll and vascular tissue
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
29/41
Stoma
Air Space
Spongy MesophyllCell
ChloroplastThe Structures of a Leaf Palisade
Mesophyll Cell
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
30/41
The Structures of a Heart
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
31/41
SystemSystem Several organs and tissues work together
to carry out a particular set of functions in aco-ordinated way
Human : digestive, respiratory, excretory,circulatory and reproductive systems
Plant : root and shoot systems
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
32/41
System in our bodySystem in our body examples of systems :
Digestive SystemRespiratory SystemCirculatory SystemNervous SystemReproductive System
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
33/41
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
34/41
The Respiratory System
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
35/41
The Circulatory System
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
36/41
The Nervous System
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
37/41
Male Reproductive System
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
38/41
Female Reproductive System
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
39/41
Level of OrganizationLevel of Organizationcells (e.g. muscle cells, nerve
cells)tissues (e.g. muscle, epithelium)organs (e.g. heart, lungs, stomach)systems (e.g. circulatory system)organisms (e.g. man)
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
40/41
Its You
-
8/7/2019 Basic Cell Structures
41/41
~ ~ ENDEND ~~