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Basic Airplane

Instruments IEr. Samrat Pradhan

Assistant Airworthiness InspectorFlight Safety Standards

DepartmentCAA Nepal

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OBJECTIVES:After completion of this chapter, the candidate will be ableto nderstand the basic airplane instr ments, their wor!ingmechanism and its importance.

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Why are aircraftinstruments required?

Instr ment helps Pilot maintain control.

"hese instr ments help Pilot to monitor an aircraft#sposition attit de and airspeed rather than o tside $is alreferences.

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Static pressure "he ambient atmospheric press re at any location is !nownas the static press re.

it!t pressureAs an aircraft mo$es thro gh the air it displaces thes rro nding air. As it mo$es forward it compresses the airand there is a press re increase on the forward*facing partsof the aircraft. "his press re is !nown as dynamic press re.

Pitot Press re%P&or "otal Press re+Dynamic%D& Static%S&

Dynamic Press re+Pitot * Static

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Airspeed Indicat!r $ASI%

'so *stall w) -aps's *stall w)o -aps'fe *ma/ -ap e/tend'no *ma/ str ct ral cr ise'ne *ne$er e/ceed

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ASI

"ypes of Airspeed0. Indicated %IAS&

1. Calibrated %CAS&2. E3 i$alent %EAS&

4. "r e %"AS&5. 6ro ndspeed %6S&

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Vertical Speed Indicat!r$VSI% "he $ertical speed

indicator %'SI& or $ertical$elocity indicator indicateswhether the aircraft isclimbing, descending, or inle$el -ight.

"he rate of climb ordescent is indicated in feetper min te.

If properly calibrated, thisindicator will register 7eroin le$el -ight.

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VSI8ate of climb or descent infeet per min te

Static press re di9erentialinstr ment

Diaphragm e/posed toambient press re, b t withcalibrated lea!.

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&!ri'!ntal Situati!nIndicat!r

"he h!ri'!ntal situati!n indicat!r %commonly calledthe &SI & is an aircraft instr ment normally mo nted belowthe arti;cial hori7on in place of a con$entional headingindicator.

"he (ori7ontal Sit ation Indicator %(SI& is a combinationof '

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&SIIt consists of0&eadin( >ellow hash mar! atthe top, !nown as a ?l bberline? is yo r heading.The c!mpass r!se &eadin( )u(*TO* + *,-O.* arr!/ T&E CO0-SE 1EVIATIO2I21ICATO- $C1I%

The di(ital f!rm !f &SI iscalled as Electr!nic&!ri'!ntal Situati!nIndicat!r$E&SI%3

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-adi! .a(neticIndicat!r$-.I%

"he 8@I is a na$igational aid pro$iding aircraft magneticor directional gyro heading and $ery high fre3 ency

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-.I

In Fig re the green pointer isindicating the station t nedon the ADF.

"he yellow pointer isindicating the co rse to a'

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