Basic Agricultural Awareness. Agriculture defined Activities concerned with the production of...
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Transcript of Basic Agricultural Awareness. Agriculture defined Activities concerned with the production of...
Basic Agricultural Awareness
Agriculture defined
Activities concerned with the production of plants and animals, and related supplies, services, mechanics, products, processing, and marketing.
Agriculture defined
USDA refers to agriculture as “agriculture/agribusiness and renewable natural resources.”
Another definition is food, fiber, and environmental systems
www.usda.gov
Agriscience defined
Agriscience is the application of scientific principles and new technologies to agriculture.
Also called applied science because it uses principles learned in biology chemistry, and physics (the basic sciences) in a practical way.
Agriscience defined
Examples of Agriscience: Agronomy uses biology and chemistry to
discover new ways to control weeds in crops.
Entomology uses biology and chemistry to study insect life.
Agricultural engineering uses physics to develop new machinery.
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Agriscience defined-scientific methodIdentify the problemReview the literatureForm a hypothesisPrepare a project proposalDesign the experimentCollect the data
Agriscience defined-scientific method
Draw conclusionsPrepare a written report
Agribusiness defined
Commercial firms (businesses) that stem from (or meet the needs of) agriculture
Agribusiness examples
Related to farming:Chemical company, fertilizer dealer,
seed store, tractor dealer, etc. Related to horticulture:
Landscape nursery, Greenhouse dealer, Horticulture Supply Company, etc.
Renewable natural resources
Resources provided by nature that can replace or renew themselves
Important both economically and for posterity’s sake to maintain life
Examples: wildlife, trees, fish
World outlook
The world population will grow as more people beget more peopleMore children are surviving to
adulthoodMore adults are living longer
World outlookPopulation growth will:
Add stress to environmental systems of air, water, soil, and natural resources
Create challenges to meet the demands for food and fiber (clothing and shelter)
TRENDS FOR AGRICULTURE IN THE
FUTURE
Trends for agriculture/agriscience
Agriculture will always be an essential industryIncreased commercialization of agriculture
will continueNew types of farming such as aquaculture
(fish-farming and farming the sea) will be used as well as traditional farming methods
Trends for agriculture/agriscience
An expanded view of agriculture is necessaryHorticulture will continue to expand
as the standard of living is raisedHorticulture involves producing,
processing, marketing fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants
Trends- viewsAgriculture includes renewable
natural resources management to monitor fish, wildlife, water and land
Agriculture and resources management will include pollution control
Trends-views
Forestry- timber management for lumber, poles, post, plywood, etc. is another part
Trends- food production, processing, and distribution
College graduates are needed to fill roles as scientists, engineers, and other professionals
The USDA reported an increased demand for graduates from agricultural colleges in the 90s
Trends- food
Many careers in Agriscience products and distribution are needed to grade, transport, process, package, and market Agriculture commodities
Trends- food
Support for Agricultural supplies and services are also important
PROGRESS IN AGRICULTURE
OBJ AG02.01
Progress Through Engineering
Little progress in agriculture is recorded before 1800 AD
The use of Iron revolutionized American and European agriculture
Most of the world did not catch on as fast
Progress Through Engineering
Mechanization helps 2% of America’s work force meet the food and fiber needs of our nation
There has been a reduction of 90% in production farming in the last 200 years
INVENTORS AND INVENTIONS
Eli Whitney Invented the cotton
gin 1793 Transformed cotton
to a usable product Removed cotton
seed from cotton fiber
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin
Katherine Greene Widow of
Revolutionary general, Nathaniel Greene
Whitney worked on Ms. Greene’s farm
Some say Ms. Greene invented the cotton gin
Cyrus McCormick
Invented the grain reaper
1834 Cut grains
Cut wheat, oats, and other crops
Cutting Grain With the sickle
or reaping hook one man could cut from one-half to one acre in a hard day's work.
The cut grain was later bound by hand
The Reaper
The Reaper
While this first machine required only 2 people for operation (a person to ride the horse and a man to rake the cut grain from the platform), it cut as much grain in one day as 12-16 men with reaping hooks.
Cast Iron Plow
Invented in the early 1800’s
Thomas Jefferson
Rough surface that dirt stuck to
Steel Moldboard Plow
Invented 1837 John Deere Smoother surface Rich clay soil did not
stick to it Made plowing easier
and faster
Corn Picker Invented in 1850Edmund QuincyHelped speed
up the harvesting of corn
Milking Machine Invented in 1878Anna BaldwinUsed vacuum
suctionReplaced hand
milking
Tractor
Invented in 1904Benjamin HoltReplaced the
mule as a source of power Horse power
Opportunities in Agriculture
North Carolina Statistics:http://
www.agr.state.nc.us/stats/index.htm
Opportunities in Agriculture
Twenty percent of all jobs in the US are agriscience related. Areas include:ProductionProcessing, products and
distributionSupplies and services
Opportunities in AgricultureAgricultural production is supported by many more careers than actually exist in production
The projection is for the average size of farms in the US to increase while the number of farms decrease
Opportunities in AgricultureIn the mid 1990s, the number
one meat export as far as tonnage shipped from the US was poultryNC is #2 in nation on broiler
Corn ranks in the top 5 US grain exports year after year
Broilers per county.
Macon county shows no income from the sale of poultry.
North Carolina's agricultural industry, including food, fiber and forestry, contributes $59.1 billion annually to the State's economy, and accounts for 21.5 percent of the State's income, and employs over 18 percent of the work force.
Opportunities in Agriculture
In NC, the top three agricultural commodities in terms of cash receipts in the late 1990s were hogs, broilers, and tobacco
http://www.photobar.com/tobacco.html
SOYBEANS??
WHAT IS THAT?
I AIN’T EATIN NO TOFU
SOYBEANS ARE THE WORLD’S MOST IMPORTANT SOURCES OF VEGETABLE OIL AND PROVIDE BASIC MATERIALS FOR HUNDREDS OF PRODUCTS
THE GREEN REVOLUTION
A REVOLT BY AN ARMY OF GREEN MEN?!??
NO, THE GREEN REVOLUTION
The Green Revolution was the process where many countries became self-sufficient in food production by using improved crop varieties and practices.
The Green Industry * We are in the money now!
GREEN INDUSTRYHORTICULTURE INDUSTRY WITH
EMPHASIS ON TURF GRASS AND ORNAMENTAL AND LANDSCAPE PLANTS.
THE END