BASF Specifiers Guide to Waterproofing-file023935

8/12/2019 BASF Specifiers Guide to Waterproofing-file023935

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Whatever your construction problem, whatever the structure is you arebuilding, BASF Construction Chemicals has an intelligent solution to helpyou be more successful.Our market leading brands offer the widest range of proven technologies tohelp you build a better world.

Emaco - Concrete Repair SystemsMBrace - Composite Strengthening Systems

Masterflow

- Precision and Structural GroutsMasterflex - Joint SealantsMasterseal - Coatings and WaterproofingConcresive - Crack Injection ResinsConideck - Hand and Spray applied Waterproof Membrane SystemsConiroof - PU Based Roofing Sys temsMastertop - Decorative and Industrial Flooring SolutionsUcrete - Flooring Solutions for Harsh EnvironmentsGlenium - SuperplasticizersRheoFIT - Waterproofing AdmixturesMasterkure - Curing CompoundsRheofinish - Release AgentsMEYCO - Shotcrete and Spraying EquipmentMicro-Air - Air-entraining AgentsPCI - Tile Fixing, Cement Underlays and Waterproofing Systems

Intelligent solutions fromBASF Construction Chemicals

Head OfficeBASF ConstructionChemicals (UK) LtdPO Box 4Earl RoadCheadle HulmeCheadleCheshireSK8 6QG

Tel: 0161 485 6222Fax: 0161 488 5220

www.basf-cc.co.ukwww.pci.uk.com

BASF ConstructionChemicals (UK) Ltd

19 Broad Ground RoadLakesideRedditchWorcestershireB98 8YP

Tel: 01527 512255Fax: 01527 510299

www.basf-cc.co.ukwww.pci.uk.com

BASF is the worlds leading chemical company: The Chemical Company. Its portfolio ranges from chemicals, plastics and performance products to agricultural products, finechemicals and oil and gas. As a reliable partner BASF helps its customers in virtually all

industries to be more successful. With its high-value products and intelligent solutions,BASF plays an important role in finding answers to global challenges such as climate

protection, energy efficiency, nutrition and mobility. BASF posted sales of more than 62 billion in 2008 and had approximately 97,000 employees as of the end of the year. Further information on BASF is available on the Internet at www.basf.com.

Specifiers Guideto Waterproofing Systems

For more information go to www.barbourproductsearch.info
http://www.barbourproductsearch.info/basf-construction-chemicals-uk-comp107748.html


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Introduction 2-7

Market Sector Sections

Subways, Tunnels and Shafts 8-11

Basements and Vaults 12-15

Wastewater - includes Pipes and Manholes 16-19

Potable Water 20-23

Reservoirs , Dams and Waterways 24-27

Marine Structures and Defence 28-31

Swimming Pools 32-35

Secondary Containment / Bunds 36-39

Car Parks - Exposed Decks, Multi-store y and Underground 40-43

Podium Decks 44-47

Balconies, Walkways and Terraces 48-53Bridges 54-57

Roong - includes Green, Cold, Warm and Inverted Roofs 58-61

Sustainability 62

Commitment to Research & Development 63

Degradation of Cementitious Material 64

Admixtures 65

Constructio n Products 66

Glossary of Terms 67

BASF is the worlds leading chemical company:The Chemical Company. Its portfolio ranges fromchemicals, plastics and performance products toagricultural products, fine chemicals, oil and gas.

As a reliable partner BASF helps its customers to bemore successful in virtually all industries.

With its high value products and intelligent solutions,BASF plays an important role in f inding answers to globalchallenges such as climate protection, energy efficiency,nutrition and mobility. BASF posted sales of morethan 62 billion in 2008 and had approximately 97,000employees at the end of that year.

BASFs Construction Chemicals division is the leadingsupplier of chemical systems and formulations for theconstruction industry. Continuous innovation andtailor-made solutions ensures that its customers stayat the forefront of technology. Its Admixture Systemsbusiness unit specifically helps customers in theready-mix, precast, concrete products and undergroundconstruction industries. The Construction Systems unit offers a wide range ofproducts for sports and industrial f looring, externalrenders and wall insulation, expansion joints and woodpreservatives as well as specialist repair mortars, tileadhesives and waterproofing membranes. The divisionoperates production sites and sales centres in morethan 50 countries and achieved sales of 2.2 billion,with approximately 7,700 employees.

AboutBASF ConstructionChemicals Division:

Contents AboutBASF - TheChemical Company:

2 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk 3



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Protect Against theMost DestructiveElement

Water is the most destructive weathering element forconcrete, masonry and stone structures, damaging ordestroying more buildings and structures than war ornatural disasters. Whether above-grade or below-grade,all building envelopes must be able to resist unwantedwater in some respect, in the form of rainwater, moistureor hydrostatic pressure. Hydraulic civil structures face yetmore challenges in withstanding the ongoing effects ofconstant immersion.

Good waterproofing, or water resistance, can be the keyfactor in ensuring a structures longevity, yet theimportance of this facet of structural design is not alwaysgiven the attention it warrants. The majority of problemswith water ingress occur in a relatively small proportionof a structures surface area, often where design detailsmeet. Careful consideration at the design stage can limitcracks, leaks and potentially serious structural damageover a structures lifecycle, provided that trades worktogether at the construction stage to implement designdetails successfully.

BASF Construction Chemicals holistic approach towaterproofing covers both new-build and refurbishmentsolutions. Driven by the belief that prevention is betterthan cure, we address waterproofing from first principles,including admixtures for concrete, as well as offering

retrofit solutions.

This reference guide is an introduction to BASFConstruction Chemicals Waterproofing Systemsfor architects, engineers, owners and procurementdepartments, putting you in the position to specify theright BASF products. The applications outlined are by nomeans exhaustive, but cover most uses for our systems.

For more detailed information please visit our dedicatedWaterproofing website: www.basf-waterproofing.co.uk

Admixtu re SystemsThe use of admixtures is a readily available concept,allowing the design of concrete with enhanced properties.The problem of water penetration in concrete affectsordinary and high-quality concrete, both of which containcapillaries and microcracks that allow water to passthrough (capillary absorption). This takes place whereverthere is a head of pressure on one side or a humiditydifferential between the sides, and manifests as dampnessor visible seepage. Most, if not all, concrete inherentlyabsorbs moisture and soluble contaminants from thesurrounding environment. The result of water penetrationis likely to be corrosion of reinforcing steel if chlorides andoxygen are present.

BASF has developed its Watertight System as analternative to membranes and built-up treatments: aquicker, more cost effective and more reliable s olutionin comparison with traditional construction methods. Itcombines a reactive hydrophobic pore-blocking liquid forwet or dry cast concrete and high-range water-reducing/ superplasticising admixtures. The result is inherently waterrepellent, non-absorptive concrete with a reduced watercement ratio, which is also protected against soluble salts.

Additional options include air-entraining admixtureswhich can be used to limit the ef fect of the freeze-thaw

cycle, helping to prevent spalling and improving structuralresistance to weathering.

BASF admixtures for waterproofing:GLENIUM , RHEOCRETE , RheoFIT , RHEOFINISH ,MASTERKURE , MICRO-AIR , MASTERSEAL ,MEYCO

MembranesOur Conica liquid-applied seamless coatings for roofs,decks and other surfaces guard against water ingress,including acid rain, de-icing salts, freeze-thaw cyclesand chloride ion penetration, protecting reinforcing steel.In certain applications such as use on car park decks,waterproofing benefits are combined with the preventionof unnecessary maintenance and structural damageduring the structures lifecycle.

BASFs elastomeric liquid membranes circumvent theperceived problem of uniformity of application as theequipment used to spray-apply these systems canguarantee a uniform thickness. A further benefit of oursystems is that they are solvent free, making them alreadycompliant with new Euro Code due to come into effectin 2010. The absence of any solvent also makes Conicasystems suitable for spray application to treat foundationsand for use in interior spaces with restricted ventilation.

Below-grade, BASFs MASTERSEAL spray-appliedmembranes for tunnel applications are a faster, oftenmore effective alternative to traditional sheet membranes.

Applied in a sandwich construction between permanentsprayed or cast concrete shells, this waterproofingsystems strong bond to the concrete lining on either sidemitigates the risk of water ingress by eliminating potential

groundwater paths.

BASF membranes for waterproofing:CONIDECK , CONIROOF , Conica, MASTERSEAL .

Ground and Water Control SystemsUnexpected water ingress during undergroundconstruction usually escalates project costs, and inevitablycauses significant delays. To counteract these risks, aneconomical approach is to pre-inject the ground withmicro-cements ahead of the advancing face. There arealso instances where post-injection, stabilisation ofsoils and even structural repairs using high performancechemical injection products are required. BASF has thecomplete range of products and technical support for suchsituations.

RHEOCEM micro-cements represent a technologicaladvance in cementitious injection work. Their relativelyrapid rate of curing is a unique feature which en ablesblasting rounds to be prepared more quickly, resultingin enhanced productivity without the need for cycleinterruptions.

A full range of resin-based injection systems (acrylicsand polyurethanes) is available from our MEYCO Global Underground Construction division, offering bothone and two-component polyurethane and ure-silicatefoams. Our single component foam is delivered with aseparate accelerator, giving the freedom to adjust the foamreaction time.

Our mineral-based MEYCO grout is stable and consistspurely of natural ingredients, making it non-hazardousand ecologically friendly. Due to its very low vis cosity,it penetrates finer fissures than any cement-basedproduct and gives unrivalled penetration and permanentstabilisation of fine, silty sands. BASF ground and water control systems:RHEOCEM , MEYCO

4 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk 5



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Concrete Repair SystemsFor many existing structures, remedial waterproofing andrepair works are intrinsically linked. Structural restorationis often a vital preliminary s tage in achieving a watertightsurface, particularly in the case of concrete substrateswhere years of water infiltration, high in chloride content,have been a contributing factor in the corrosion of steelreinforcement.

The BASF repair range starts with a selection of mortars:spray-applied repair mortars; a specialist DWI approvedhigh-strength repair mortar for repairing damage causedby corroded rebars and nanotechnology-driven f ast-trackstructural repair mortars under the EMACO brand allcomplying to BS EN1504 part 3.

Where structural strengthening is required, BASFsportfolio of MBrace carbon and aramid fibre wraps,reinforcing bars and plates supply a non-corrosivereplacement for steel reinforcement.

The installation of preventative measures such as cathodicprotection may also be appropriate as part of a concreterepair solution. BASF has developed a special grade of itsflowable replacement concrete specifically to support CPinstallations.

BASF concrete repair systems:SHOTPATCH , THORO , EMACO , MBrace

Applied Sealan tsIn damp or immersed conditions such as reser voirs, watertowers, tunnels and basements, proven high-performancespecialist sealants are essential. BASFs THORO rangeincludes elastomeric mortars for damp substrates whichallow a movement accommodation of up to 15% and areresistant to aggressive groundwater, dilute acids andalkalis. Applications span the sealing of constru ction

joints, cracks in concrete and joints between precastconcrete panels or pipe sections, as well as flexibleand waterproof pointing. THORO also offers the highlyelastic pre-formed dynamic joint waterproofing systemcompatible with potable water, designed for a variety ofsubstrates where a high degree of movement is expectedin both vertical and horizontal directions.

Further options for wet and submerged surfaces areavailable: BASFs polyurethane-based MASTERFLEX sealants are temperature resistant from -30 to 80C andinclude a sealant designed specifically for applicationssuch as water treatment works and waterways.

BASF applied sealants:THORO , MASTERFLEX

Cementitious Coatings and RendersBASFs surface-applied cementitious coatings, forpositive and negative applications in water-excludingand water-retaining structures above and below-grade, protect against damp and the ingress of water,effectively becoming an integral part of the s ubstrate.Our cementitious systems have been developed forhigh performance, using proprietary chemicals, withuses spanning everything from basement tanking towaterproofing structures as diverse as reservoirs, tunnels,swimming pools and pipes.

Whether you are looking for a basement tanking system,a faade treatment or large-scale waterproofing of a civilstructure, the BASF range will have the answer. Systemsinclude potable water solutions and a slurry sy stemfor capillary waterproofing, suitable for challengingenvironments such as canals, dams, coastal and othersubmerged structures.

In most cases systems can be applied to damp substrates,ensuring that no time or money is wasted drying the areato be treated.

BASF cementitious coatings and renders:THOROSEAL , MASTERSEAL

Waterstop SystemsWaterbars are not only expensive to install but can bedisplaced or damaged during the concreting operation.

As concrete is unable to adhere to plastic waterbarsa failure rate of 15-20% can be expected. As there isno maintenance opportunity, a further drawback is thepotentially significant subsequent cost of repairing leaks.

BASFs MASTERFLEX 900 reinjectable hose system forconstruction joints is the alternative to waterbars wherewatertight joints are essential. This preventative systemcan be re-tested and re-injected at any time, allowing theintegrity of joints to be checked regularly. Constructedfrom a tough, specially formulated PVC compound, it isunaffected by weathering, low temperatures and constantimmersion in water.

Fast, easy installation, even with complicated designdetails and proven performance, make MASTERFLEX 900 a reliable, cost-effective choice which eliminates theneed for kickers. Retro-injection at any time can stop leakscaused by settlement, structural movement, damage orexcessive loading.

BASF waterstop systems:MASTERFLEX

6 7For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk

Kubak, Michael T. (2000) Construction Waterproofing Handbook.McGraw-Hill



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Spray-applied WaterproofingThe technology used in tunnelwaterproofing has remainedrelatively static until recently. Whileconventional sheet membraneshave been the norm, they are

often susceptible to leakagesthat can be notoriously difficult torectify; moreover they are unableto accommodate complex tunnelshapes and are incompatible with theconstruction of permanent sprayedconcrete linings.

In response to the need for a simple,effective waterproofing solution,BASF Construction Chemicals hasdeveloped the new-generationMASTERSEAL 345 spray-appliedwaterproofing membrane, whichis simply applied in a sandwichconstruction between permanentsprayed or cast concrete linings.The waterproofing systemsperformance lies in the bondingproperties between the membraneand concrete lining on both sides this strong bond mitigates therisk of water ingress by eliminatingpotential groundwater paths.

MASTERSEAL 345 closes andisolates cracks in such a waythat stresses resulting from waterpressure can be transferred to theouter lining, leaving the inner liningvirtually unaffected. The crack-bridging properties of MASTERSEAL 345 have been tested according toEN 1062-7:2004, demonstrating acrack-bridging capability of up to

5mm.

InjectionUnexpected water ingress andpoor ground conditions duringunderground construction usuallyescalate costs, influence theenvironment severely and inevitably

cause significant delays.To counteract these risks, aneconomical approach is to pre-injectthe ground with micro-cementsahead of the advancing face as apractical alternative to more complexpost-injection techniques.

To meet increasingly strictlegislation covering the environmentand workers health and s afety,stabilisation of sands and soilsrequires safe, durable mineralgrouts and micro-cements.BASF Construction ChemicalsMEYCO Global UndergroundConstruction division has a completerange of injection products suitablefor all projects including new andexisting tunnels, mines and large civilengineering projects.

Watertight JointsWherever tricky joints presentproblems underground, in shaft

junctions, within linings, cast sectionsor portals, BASFs MASTERFLEX 900 re-injectable hose system forconstruction joints offers a watertightsolution. A preventive system thatavoids the many diasadvantages ofwaterbars, it can be re-tested andre-injected at any time.

Subways, Tunnels and Shafts

8 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk 9Subways, Tunnels and Shafts

Layer of primary permanentsprayed concrete

Layer of MASTERSEAL membrane

Layer of secondary permanentsprayed or cast concrete

Rock bolt

Wet spot: pre-treatment,sealing or drainage

Fine crack injection

Consolidation grouting

1. MASTERSEAL 345 spray-applied waterproofing membrane.2. MASTERFLEX joint sealers.3. MEYCO injection resins for waterproofing.4. MASTERFLEX 900 re-injectable hose system for construction joints.5. MEYCO SA160, GLENIUM, DELVOCRETE, admixture solutions

for successful, durable sprayed concrete according to requirementsand site conditions.

1

2

4

3

5

Leeming, M.B. (1989). Concrete in the Oceans programmer -co-ordinating report on the whole programme.Offshore Technology Report OTH 87 248, HMSO.

Allen, R.T.L, Concrete in Co astal Str uctures



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Product: Description: Technical Data: Application:

N o . o

f c o m p o n e n t s

M i n i m u m

t e n s

i l e

s t r e n g

t h ( N / m m

2 )

M i n i m u m

e l o n g a

t i o n

( % )

M i n i m u m

t e a r

s t r e n g

t h ( N / m m

)

S w e l

l i n g r a

t i o

( % )

C o n s

t r u c

t i o n

j o i n t s e x p o s e

d

t o h y

d r o s

t a t i c p r e s s u r e

.

R a f

t s a n

d w a l

l s

i n t u n n e

l s

P r e c a s t e l e m e n

t s

S e g m e n

t r i n g s

F i l l i n g w a t e r -

b e a r i n g v o

i d s

MASTERFLEX 610 Hydro-swelling waterbar 1 6.12 610 220 l l l l l

MASTERFLEX 612 Advanced hydro- swellinggasket in paste form 1 250 l l l l l

MASTERFLEX 611 Gun grade, hydroswellingwaterbar 1 3.9N/mm 2 1 12 85 l l l l l

MASTERFLEX 900 Advanced injec tion hose sy stem Dependent on i njection mate rial l l l l l

Product: Technical Data: Equipment: Application:

S e a

l a n t

t y p e

N o . o

f c o m p o n e n

t s

S o

l v e n

t f r e e

S e p a r a t e

A c c e l e r a t o r Foam factor

1 c o m p o n e n t p u m p

2 c o m p o n e n t p u m p

w i t h s i n g l e m

i x s p

i r a l

P r e - i n j e c

t i o n

o f j o i n t e d r o c k

S t a b i l i s a

t i o n

o f j o i n t e d r o c k

S e a

l i n g o

f f

o w

i n g w a t e r

S t a b i l i s i n g c o a r s e

s a n d a n

d g r a v e l

F i l l i n g w a t e r -

b e a r

i n g v o

i d s

A c c e l e r a t o r


1 0


1 5


2 5

MEYCO MP355 1K PU 1 l l 20-30 l l l l l

MEYCO MP320 2 l l l l l l l

RHEOCEM 1 l l l l l l

T H O R O S T R U C T U R I T E

E M A C O

N A N O C R E T E R 2

E M A C O


T H O R O S E A L

T H O R O S E A L

F X 1 0 0

T H O R O S E A L

P M

T H O R O

F L E X 2 0 0

T H O R O F L E X I - J O I N T

C O N I P U R

M 8 1 0

C O N I P U R

M 8 6 9 F

T H O R O W A T E R P L U G

T H O R O

D R Y J O I N T

T H O R O

A C R Y L 6 0

Function

Concrete re-instatement l l l

Surface nishing l l

Surface sealing l

Surface sealing-elastomeric l l l

Expansion joint/crack sealing l

Expansion joint/crack overbanding l

Stopping active water l

Repointing l

Admixture l

Suitable Structures

Reservoir roofs l l l l l l l l

Reservoirs-internal: hard water l l l l l l l l

Reservoirs-internal: soft water l l l l l

Water towers l l l l l l l

South AmericaMachadinho Hydroelectric Power Station Tunnels, BrazilZapata Highway Tunnel, ChileLo Prado Highway Tunnel, ChileOrientales Underground Station, Santiago Metro, Chile

Asia PacificMTRC Cross Passages, Hong KongMTRC Vent Tunnel Enlargements, Hong KongParramatta Rail Link Station Tunnels, Sydney, Australia

The 1,960m Giswil road tunnel in central Switzerland is a two-lane road tunnelwith an emergency escape tunnel running parallel. The main road tunn elis located in Mica Schists excavated by drill-and-blast. The final structureconsists of a double shell concrete lining with drained waterproofing, utilisinga PVC sheet membrane and a geotextile fleece for drainage. The emergencyescape tunnel was excavated by a 4m diameter hard-rock TBM and supportedby pattern rock bolting and sprayed concrete. A length of approximately 10min each end of the tunnel was excavated by drill-and-blast. In the portal areas acut-and-cover concrete tunnel was constructed.

The ChallengeThe Engineer required a waterproofing solution in the outermost parts of theescape tunnel at both ends which su pported: No water ingress in the bored part of the tunnel Continuous waterproofing from the bored tunnel through the blasted part of

the tunnel to the cut-and-cover concrete tunnel at the portal Compatibility between the waterproofing of the cut-and-cover concrete

tunnel and the waterproofing of the rock tunnelThe Engineer chose an undrained solution, with a waterproofing system thatcovered the entire profile, including the invert

The SolutionSprayable Waterproofing Membrane MASTERSEAL 345

The high bond strength to concrete meant there would be no migration ofwater along the membrane/substrate interface, significantly reducing therisk of water seepage even by eventual damages or holes in the membrane

Able to waterproof the invert and the interfaces between bored tunnel anddrill-and-blast excavated tunnel, as well as between drill-and-blast excavatedtunnel and concrete cut-and-cover tunnel

Compatibility with the PVC sheet membrane and Bikutop-systemat the interfaces

Injection rather than drainage for removal of water seepages becauseof the undrained solution

Featured Project: Giswil EmergencyEscape Tunnel, Switzerland

11Subways, Tunnels and Shafts10 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk

References:

EuropeCollombey Road Tunnel, SwitzerlandGiswil Road Escape Tunnel, SwitzerlandNordy Sub-Sea Road Tunnel, Faroe Islands

Abbottscliff Road Tunnel, United KingdomLausanne Metro, SwitzerlandNorth AmericaBergen Rail Tunnel, New Jersey, USA Wolf Creek Highway Tunnel, Colorado, USA Wine Caves, Nappa Valley, California, USA

Joint Sealers

Waterproofing Injection



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Basements and vaults have towithstand water conditions that aretypically more severe than thoseabove-grade. These include theeffects of both surface water andgroundwater, as well as a variationof pressures from the surroundingsubsoils. Even the tiniest pinhole orcrack will cause water to leak intoa basement, whilst capillary actioncan cause delamination of flooring,mildew and staining. However,below-grade waterproofing systemsneed not take into account harshenvironmental conditions such aswind-driven rain and ultravioletweathering.

Below-grade Barrier SystemsUnder the THORO brand, BASFConstruction Chemicals specialisesin negative-side (internal) surface-applied waterproofing systemsfor tanking basements. Thesewaterproofing systems are suitablefor use inside any kind of basementstructure and provide full protectionagainst damp and the ingress ofwater. They contain no solvents,protecting both the applicator and theenvironment.

THORO systems are equallysuitable for remedial and new-buildapplications. Where costs andscheduling are an issue THORO waterproofing solutions have a clearadvantage over other techniques,as they can be applied to dampsubstrates, avoiding unnecessarydelays caused by drying out the

basement.

With approvals from internationallyrespected authorities in countriesincluding the UK, France, Germanyand the USA, THORO productsare manufactured to the higheststandards and are fully tested byindependent laboratories approvedby national building bodies.

BASF Watertight System An alternative to tanking systems, the BASF WatertightSystem provides integral waterproofing that eliminatesthe need for external membranes and coatings. UtilisingRheoFIT permeability reducing liquid ingredient, andGLENIUM high-range water-reducing/superplasticisers,

it produces an inherently water-repellent and non-absorptive concrete which is permanently protectedagainst water ingress, soluble salts and acid attack. As analternative to using the separate RheoFIT and Glenium components, RheoFIT 799 is a powdered One Bagversion of BASFs Watertight System. RheoFIT 799 is ahigh performance integral waterproofing system for wetcast concrete incorporating combined waterproofing andsuperplasticising components.

Watertight JointsBASFs MASTERFLEX 900 re-injectable hose system forconstruction joints is a preventive system that avoids themany disadvantages of waterbars and eliminates kickers.Straightforward to install, it allows joints to be tested forwatertightness before backfilling and can be re-tested andretro-injected at any time.

Basements & Vaults

12 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk 13Basements and Vaults

Salt-inhibiting render if required

Optional bonding slurry coat -THORO ACRYL 60

THORO WATERPLUG

Cracks

THORO FLEXIJOINT

THOROSEAL SUPER WHITE

THOROSEAL SUPER GREY

GLENIUM and RheoFIT

1. EMACO NANOCRETE structural repair mortars, suitable for profiles and corners.2. THORO FLEXIJOINT elastomeric mortar for sealing movement joints and cracks in concrete/

masonry in damp/immersed conditions.3. THORO WATERPLUG ultra-rapid setting mortar, as a seal for wall/floor or kicker joints prior to

basement tanking.4. THORO ACRYL 60 blended with ordinary Portland cement as a bonding slurry coat for use on

dense non-porous stonework and engineering bricks.5. GLENIUM and RheoFIT admixtures for durable waterproof concrete in basement applications.6. THOROSEAL SUPER WHITE (1st COAT) waterproof coating for spray/brush application to

concrete and masonry.7. THOROSEAL SUPER GREY (2nd COAT) waterproof coating for spray/brush application to

concrete and masonry.8. O ptional THORO Macromix, renovation plaster to reduce surface condensation.

MASTERFLEX 900 HOSE

1

6

5

3

4

2

6

8

7

7



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Materialcategory

Products Application

SpallingoverlargeareasCover(mm)

Spallingover

smallareasCover(mm)

C r a c k s e a l

i n g

S t r u c

t u r a

l c r a c k r e p a

i r

B o n d

i n g a i

d s

J o i n t s e a

l i n g

J o i n t w a t e r p r o o n g

W a t e r p r o o n g

/ p r o

t e c t

i o n

V e r t

i c a l

/ o v e r h e a

d r e p a

i r s

C o r n e r s a n

d p r o

l e s

A n c

h o r i n g

b o l

t s / p o s t s

P e r m a n e n

t s u

b m e r s i o n

S e a

l i n g p e n e

t r a t

i o n s

P r o

t e c t

i o n a g a

i n s t c o r r o s i o n

C a n

b e s p r a y a p p

l i e d

< 2 5

1 0 -

2 5

5 - 1 0

< 2 5

1 0 -

2 5

5 - 1 0

Sprayed concrete SHOTPATCH 12 l l l l l

Polymer-modiedcementitious mortars

EMACO Nanocrete R2 l l l l l l l l l lEMACO Nanocrete R3 l l l l l l l l l l l

EMACO Nanocrete R4 l l l l l l l l l l l

EMACO Nanocrete R4 Fluid

l l l l l l l

EMACO FAST Fluid/Fibre/Tixo

l l l l l l l l

MASTERSEAL 524 l l l l l l

THORO MACROMIX

l l l l l l

THORO WATERPLUG l l l l l l

THORO DRYJOINT l l

Hydro-swellingelastic compound THORO

WATERPACK l l

Elastomeric mortar THORO FLEXIJOINT l l l

Admixtures

GLENIUM l l

RHEOFIT 790 Series l l

RHEOCRETE 222+ l l

Curing compounds MASTERKURE l

Form-release agents RHEOFINISH

l

Waterproongadmixture and slurry MASTERTOP

SBR 570 l l l l

Acrylic pol ymerliquid additive THORO

ACRYL 60 l l

Capillarywaterproong slurry MASTERSEAL

501 l l l

Polyurethane resin joint seala nts

MASTERFLEX 474 l l

MASTERFLEX 462 TH l l

Polymer-modiedcoatings andmembranes

THOROSEAL l l l

THOROSEAL SUPER l l l

THOROSEAL FX100 l l l l l l

THOROSEAL WR l l l l

Middle East American Embassy, United Arab Emirates Asia PacificGuang Petroleum, ChinaRivervale Crest Condominum, SingaporeSaigon Holiday Inn Building, VietnamSt Stephens School, Singapore

The redevelopment of the former offices of the Irish Times on DOlier and FleetStreet in Dublin has created a new landmark development housing a mix ofcontemporary commercial, retail, restaurant and high-end residential unitsover basement car parking. The scheme allowed for the retention of listedbuildings and shop fronts along DOlier Street but permitted the removal andredevelopment of buildings along Fleet Street and the construction of a largeatrium connecting the original listed buildings with a new s tructure facing FleetStreet. With a gross floor area of 8427m 2, 2309m 2 was retained floor space with6118m being new f loor space.

The ChallengeThe basement level of the building was to be converted into dry commercialstorage, retaining the original vaulted under pavements and maintaining theoriginal footprint of the building. When selecting a waterproofing solution,the confined working space meant that limited methods of application werepossible.

The Solution:BASF Construction Chemicals in conjunction with the Dampstore jointlyproposed that the THORO waterproofing system be applied to the wallsand floors of the basement. The s olution provided was the most practical forthe development of the basement areas. A close contractor/supplier workingrelationship, together with the back-to-back joint warranty offered by BASF,

enabled the contractor to offer the end client an attractive warranty-approvedbasement waterproofing package.

ApplicationThe original floor levels were reduced to increase the ceiling height and thewalls were underpinned. Reinforced concrete floor slabs were cast throughoutthe basement. A sand/cement mortar modified with THORO Acryl 60 wasused to repair/re-level sections of underpinning. A THORO Waterplug fillet wasapplied to the floorwall interface throughout the basement.

Two coats of THOROSEAL modified with THORO Acryl 60 were applied to thefloors and walls by hand, using a stiff bristled broom. Once cured, theTHOROSEAL on the walls was protected by a sand cement render. The floorswere protected and levelled with MASTERTOP 524 cementitious screed.In total an area of 1700m 2 was treated.

Featured Project: Irish Times Building, Dublin

15Basements & Vaults14 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk

References:United KingdomBank of England, LondonStag Cottage, DevonPlasterton Gardens, DevonThe Manor House, DevonEuropeHenry J Lyons Architects Office, Dublin

THORO WATERPLUG

20mmTHORO WATERPLUG

THOROSEAL SUPER WHITE

THOROSEAL SUPER GREY


F i f i b b d h i f


9/34

Some of the harshest andmost demanding conditions forconstruction materials are to befound within the sewerage industry.The usual long-term problemsof reinforced concrete apply:carbonation through CO 2 or acid rainattack leads to concrete spalling,freeze-thaw cycles affect surfacesealing and deterioration, andworkmanship problems of low coverand poor concrete mix design, allaffect structural integrity.

In addition, wastewater and seweragetreatment installations face a wholenew range of aggressive conditions.Turbulent water flows and suspendedsolids lead to erosion and abrasion,while chemical attack from highsulphate levels and biogenicallyinduced acid formation create anaggressive environment. Thesecan lead to a rapid deterioration

of concrete surfaces, corrosion ofconcrete reinforcement and steelstructures.

BASF Construction Chemicals hasa long history of providing repairand protection solutions in thischallenging environment, includingcement-based coatings, high-performance polyurethane, polyureaand epoxy coatings and screeds,

joint systems, corrosion inhibitors andcathodic protection solutions.

Cathodic ProtectionMany of the technologies now used toprotect concrete from water ingressand prevent corrosion were onceconsidered to have too short a life, orbe too high a risk to be appropriatefor the water industry. Solutionssuch as cathodic protection andwater quality conditioning to controlcorrosion were available long beforethe privatisation of the water industry,but were either avoided or used to avery limited extent.

BASF Construction ChemicalsEMACO CP60 system is designedspecifically for reinforced concreteapplications. Comprising highlyconductive coated fibres, whichare tri-dimensionally distributedthroughout a polymer-modifiedcementitious mortar, this type ofsystem can be wet-spray appliedallowing easy installation, even

overhead, with current feeder wiresinstalled every two metres.

Wastewater

16 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk 17Wastewater - includes pipes and manholes

Protective CoatingsChemically resistant coatings andlinings offer a technically acceptable,cost-effective method of enhancingthe performance of reinforcedconcrete structures, includingsewers. Where thin coatings of pureor modified resins such as coal taror pitch epoxy have been commonlyused in the past to reduce waterpermeability, newer products resolvehealth concerns as they bypassthe potentially carcinogenic tarcomponent.

Repair mortars that use low C 3 Acements give a high sulphateresistance, while anti-osmotic epoxycementitious underlayments andprimers give chemical resistance priorto applying PU/solvent-free epoxycoatings. Whatever the system used,it must be able to resist hydrogensulphide, sulphuric acid at a pH valueof 1.0, microbial degradation andback pressure from hydrostatic loadsfrom groundwater, without damagingthe integrity of the membrane.

Cracks and spalling

Sludge scraper

Inlet

Decanting trough (Outflow)

Settling zone

Sludge zone

Sludge

1. RHEOCRETE 222+, RheoFIT & GLENIUM concrete admixturesfor waterproofing/chloride/sulphate resistance.

2. THORO WATERPACK hydro-swelling, elastic compound, usedwith THORO WATERPLUG ultra-rapid setting mortar to form awatertight seal.

3. MASTERSEAL 501 capillary waterproofing surface appliedslurry system, THORO polymer-modified coatings and membranes.

Also CONIPUR M805 spray appli ed polyurea me mbrane.4. EMACO CP60 spray-applied cementitious conductive anodesystem for reinforced concrete.

5. THOROSEAL WR cement-based waterproofing render withsulphate resistance.

6. EMACO Nanocrete concrete repair mortars for corners andprofiles.

7. THORO STRUCTURITE DWI approved rapid-setting, high-strengthstructural repair mortar.

1

6

5

3

4

7

2

2

Sewerage Rehabilitation Manual, 3rd edn, Vol III Sewer Renovation



10/34

For more information go to www barbourproductsearch info


11/34

Specifying waterproofing systems forthe clean water sector is a complexarea that involves balancing currentand future performance criteriaagainst cost and installation timeconstraints. A well-specified solutionwill lead to a cleaner, safer and moredurable environment for the treatmentand storage of potable water.

Service reservoirs can suffer fromleakage, often through failed orpoorly maintained movement orconstruction joints; in this instance afully bonded overbanding system isrecommended. The system must beable to accommodate movement andprevent the leakage and the ingressof water.

Surface coatings also play animportant role in the refurbishmentof concrete and brick reservoirs.Cement-based coatings such as

BASFs THOROSEAL

are compatiblewith the substrate, will resist positiveand negative water pressure andare vapour permeable, reducingthe risk of blistering. Where low pHand/or soft water are encountered,waterproof coating THOROSEAL FX 100 is able to resist its aggressivenature and protect the structure.

Our range of high performancecoatings and repair mortars are idealfor application in confined spacesas they contain no volatile organiccompounds and are easily appliedto damp substrates. Recommendedcementitious coatings for this sectorare easily cleaned and will withstandpressure-washing and sterilisation.

Service reservoirs and water tower roofs requirewaterproofing externally to stop the ingress of groundwaterand airborne pollutants. Exposed roofs in particular havegreater thermal stresses exerted on them and thereforedemand a membrane with high movement capabilitiesas well as good mechanical properties. CONIPUR membranes have been developed and successfullyapplied for over 25 years in just such circumstances, andare suitable for green roof designs.

BASF Construction Chemicals competency in supplyingsystems to the water industry for both refurbishment andnew-build projects is based on many years of experiencegained across the world in a variety of climatic and serviceconditions. We offer a totally integrated approach to thedesign and installation of waterproofing and protectionsystems at every stage of the process.

Our systems are applied by trained specialist applicatorsto ensure long-term performance and all materials aremanufactured to independently audited ISO 9001:2000quality systems.

Potable Water

20 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk 21Potable Water

Waterproofmembrane

Corner repair

Internalwaterproofing

Waterproofed joints

Joints

Crackedconcrete

Roof joints

Overheadrepair

1. CONIPUR spray/hand applied highly elastomeric waterproofmembrane.

2. THORO WATERPLUG ultra-rapid setting mortar for crack sealingand rapid anchoring of metalwork in damp/wet conditions.

3. EMACO NANOCRETE, THORO Structurite repair mortars,suitable for profiles and corners.

4. THOROSEAL FX100 elastomeric waterproof coating for concrete/ masonry in water-retaining structures.

5. THORO FLEX 200 dynamic joint waterproofing system approvedfor use with potable water.

6. THORO

DRYJOINT pointing mortar for bricks, stone and concrete.7. THORO STRUCTURITE DWI approved rapid-setting, high-strength

structural repair mortar.8. MASTERFLEX 900 re-injectable hose waterstop system for

construction and cold joints in concrete.9. MASTERSEAL 345 spray-applied waterproofing membrane

(for sandwich construction).10. GLENI UM and RheoFIT admixtures to achieve

durable performance.

1

6

5

3

8

4

7

2

9

10

4




12/34

T H O R O S T R U C T U R I T E

E M A C O


E M A C O


T H O R O S E A L

T H O R O S E A L

F X 1 0 0

T H O R O S E A L

P M

T H O R O

F L E X 2 0 0

T H O R O F L E X I - J O I N T

C O N I P U R

M 8 1 0

C O N I P U R

M 8 6 9 F

T H O R O W A T E R P L U G

T H O R O

D R Y J O I N T

T H O R O

A C R Y L 6 0

Function

Concrete re-instatement l l l

Surface nishing l l

Surface sealing l

Surface sealing-elastomeric l l l

Expansion joint/crack sealing l

Expansion joint/crack overbanding l

Stopping active water l

Repointing l

Admixture l

Suitable Structures

Reservoir roofs l l l l l l l l

Reservoirs-internal: hard water l l l l l l l l

Reservoirs-internal: soft water l l l l l

Water towers l l l l l l l

Method of Application

Brush l l l l

Trowel l l l l l l

Spray l l l l

Roller lOther l l l

Chemical Base

Cement l l l l l l l

Cement/polymer l l

Polyurethane l l

Epoxy/thermoplastic l

Polymer l

Approvals

BBA l l

WRAS l l l l l l l

DWI l l l l l l l

EuropeEYDAP, Greece Asia PacificBukit Batok Reservoir, SingaporeHai Duong Water Supply Plant, VietnamTone Waterworks, JapanShek Kei Mei Reservoir, Hong KongUpper Pierce Reservoir, Singapore

Featured Project: Lorca Reservoir,Cartagena, Spain

23Potable Water22 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk

References:United Kingdom

Alnwickhill CTW, ScotlandBoughton Service ReservoirClandan Service Reservoir, WalesLayer De La Haye Service ReservoirSouthall Water TowerSt Georges Hill Service ReservoirKilmundy Service Reservoir, Scotland

BASF Construction Chemicalss systems were specifiedin the construction of Lorca Reser voir, a key reasonbeing that the company was able to supply certificationthat verified its waterproofing products were suitable foruse with potable water and would resist submersion in achloride solution.

The ChallengeLegionnaires Disease is a bacteria that needs humidity andheat (32-45C) to live and grow, making it a potential riskin the provision of potable water. Adequate maintenanceof reservoirs and water systems and their disinfection byprofessional technicians forms the fundamental basis forits prevention. A variety of processes for water disinfectionare available, but generally chlorine-based products aremost commonly used.

During the summer of 2001 the city of Murcia had its worstever outbreak of Legionnaires Disease. As a result, a newmaintenance programme for the provision of potablewater was instigated to help prevent future outbreaks: thisincluded the cleaning and disinfection of all installations atleast once a year.

The SolutionDuring the construction of Lorca Reservoir in 2004, animportant element was the standardisation of joints toachieve maximum waterproofing. BASF elastomericwaterproof sealant MASTERFLEX 474, was able toaccommodate structural movement where appliedto expansion joints and covered with EMACO S88CThixotropic repair mortar.

After cleaning joints and ensuring the absence of moisture,backer rods were installed to support polyurethane sealantMASTERFLEX 474, a product suitable for permanentsubmersion and fully tested for water migration. After thesealant had cured, a layer of MASTERSEAL 550 polymer-modified waterproof coating was applied to f ibreglassmesh placed over the joint to completely cover it. Oncehardened, a second layer of MASTERSEAL 550 was

applied onto the reinforcement netting.

To smooth out 90 angles and ensure continuityof waterproofing, floor/wall joints were coated withwaterproof coating EMACO S88C Thixotropicrepair mortar.

MASTERSEAL 531, a single component waterproofcoating suitable for contact with potable water, was sprayapplied to the internal walls of the reservoir for f aster,more uniform application.




13/34

InjectionWaterproofing a water-retainingstructure of the magnitude of adam begins with ensuring thatseepage through the substrate iscontrolled. If geological conditionsnecessitate either curtain groutingor consolidation grouting, BASFConstruction Chemicals recommendsRHEOCEM micro-cements for rockand MEYCO MP320T Colloidal Silicafor sands and soils.

Admixtu resBASF Construction Chemicalsunderstands that, whatever thedams design, the performancecharacteristics of the mass concreteused is crucial. Concrete mustprovide satisfactory density andstrength, durability, low thermalvolume change, resistance tocracking, low permeability andeconomy.

Whilst density, strength, durabilityand impermeability are improvedby increased cement contents andreduced water/cement ratios, thermalcharacteristics, volume stabilityand economy are improved byrestricting the cement content. Theuse of admixtures can help to fin d thebalance between these conflictingdemands, particularly where concretezoning is employed for increasedeconomy.

Our MICRO-AIR air-entrainingagents (AEAs) will significantlyimprove the concretes long term

freeze-thaw resistance, with a furtherbenefit being the reduction in waterdemand of the fresh concrete andimproved handling qualities.

Watertight JointsBASFs MASTERFLEX 900re-injectable hose waterstopsystem, for construction and cold

joints in concrete, is designed asan alternative to waterbars where

joints other than expansion joints aresubjected to hydrostatic pressure onone or both faces of the structure.Its use prevents the passage ofwater through joints, recommendingit for use in dams amongst otherapplications.

MASTERFLEX 900 eliminates thecostly design, welding and installationof waterbars and, unlike traditionalinstallations where water is in contactwith the reinforcement up to thewaterbar, water cannot penetrate thetreated joint and rebar. Installation isfast and easy, even with complicateddesign details, and joints can betested for watertightness. Offering

proven, predictable performance,the system can be retro-injected tostop leaks caused subsequently bysettlement or structural movement atthe construction joint.

Reservoirs, Dams and Waterways

24 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk 25Reservoirs, Dams and Waterways

Water-reducing agents ( WRAs)such as BASFs POZZOLITH and GLENIUM high-range water-reducing/superplasticising admixturescan be used to significantly reducewater demand, and our set retardingadmixtures usefully delay settingtimes in high ambient temperatures.

Alternatively, in low ambienttemperatures our set acceleratingadmixtures can enhance the settingtime of concrete.

Gallery

Consolidationgrouting

Foundation/pressure relief

drainage

Groutingcurtain

Water

Upliftpressurereliefdrains

Also appropriate for Roller-Compacted Concrete (RCC),MASTERKURE curing compoundscan be applied to delay evaporation,improve finish and eliminate theoccurrence of plastic shrinkagecracking whilst our RHEOFINISH form release agents provide asmooth concrete surface.

Facingconcrete

Heartingconcrete

1. MICRO-AIR, POZZOLITH, GLENIUM & RheoFIT admixtures to achieve durable performance.

2. RHEOCEM and MEYCO systems for injection grouting.3. MASTERKURE curing compounds for roller-compacted concrete.4. RHEOFINISH form-release agents.5. MASTERFLEX 900 reinjectable hose system for joints.6. EMACO and THORO polymer-modified cementitious

repair mortars.

2

4

3

5

6

1

Novak, P., Moffat, A.I.B., Nalluri, C. & Narayanan, R. (1990)Hydraulic Structures. London, Unwin Hyman.Novak et al (1990) Hydraulic Structures. London, Unwin Hyman.




14/34

Product Quantity/Consumption

POZZOLITH LD 10 More than 3 million litres

GLENIUM 51 400,000 litres

RHEOBUILD 1100 20,000 litres

MEYCO SA 540 10,000 Kg

EMACO S 45 20,000 Kg

Materialcategory



Spallingover

smallareasCover(mm)

C r a c k s e a l i n g

S t r u c t u r a l c r a c k r e p a i r

B o n d

i n g a

i d s

J o i n t s e a l

i n g

J o i n t w a t e r p r o o

n g


/ p r o t e c t

i o n

V e r t i c a l

/ o v e r h e a d r e p a i r s

F r e e z e - t

h a w r e s i s t a n c e

C o r n e r s a n d p r o

l e s

A n c h o r

i n g b o l t s

/ p o s t s

P e r m a n e n t s u b m e r s i o n

U n d e r w a t e r a p p l i c a t i o n

P r o t e c t

i o n a g a i n s t c o r r o s

i o n

C a n b e s p r a y a p p l i e d

R o l l e r c o m p a c t e d c o n c r e t e

R e d u c e d w a t e r d e m a n d

< 2 5

1 0 -

2 5

5 - 1 0

< 2 5

1 0 -

2 5

5 - 1 0

Sprayed concrete SHOTPATCH 12 l l l l l l



EMACO Nanocrete R4 l l l l l l l l l l l l

EMACO Nanocrete R4Fluid

l l l l l l l l

EMACO FastFluid/Fibre/Tixo

l l l l l l l l l

THORO STRUCTURITE l l l l l l l l l

THORO STRUCTURITE R4

l l l l l l l l l l l l

THORO WATERPLUG l l l l l l

THORO DRYJOINT l l l

Elastomeric mortar THORO FLEXIJOINT l l l l

Admixtures formass concrete

GLENIUM l l l

POZZOLITH l l l

MICRO-AIR l l l l

Anti-washou t admixture RHEOMAC UW 450 l l


SBR 570 l l l l


MASTERFLEX 474 l l l

MASTERFLEX 462 TH l l l


THORO FLEX 200 l l l l

THOROSEAL l l l l

THOROSEAL FX100 l l l l l l l

THOROSEAL WR l l l l l

MASTERSEAL 501 l l l l l

MASTERSEAL 345 l l l l

Waterstops MASTERFLEX 900 l l l

Curing compounds MASTERKURE l l

Form-release agents RHEOFINISH l l

The Karun 3 Dam and Hydro Power Plant generates around 4.172 MKWH ofpower, controls seasonal floodwater and provides agricultural water in theregion. A double-arched concrete dam standing 185m high from the surface ofthe river and 205m from its foundations, its crest is 462m long and measures29.5m in width at its bottom and 5.5m at its top. The construction includedapproximately 22km of underground tunnels and involved 2.7 million m ofconcrete. The volume of the resulting reservoir is around 3 billion m.

The ChallengeThe consultant involved in the project was concerned that the admixtures tobe supplied would not achieve the high-performance, high-quality concretenecessary to construct the spillway in accordance with the designedspecification. BASF Construction Chemicals was one of four approvedchemical supplier companies tendering, competing in a very tough, closepricing scenario.

The SolutionBASF was able to put forward the best price by proposing the supply ofPozzolith LD 10, in powder form, for the project and offering assis tance tothe contractor in assembling a liquidising unit at the job site. This eliminatedthe extra cost required to transport liquids to the project, about 800km awayfrom the supply source. BASF was able to provide all the as pects of highperformance concrete (HPC), using the polycarboxylic ether (PCE)-basedsuperplasticiser GLENIUM 51 to produce exceptional results for the spillwaystructures.

As a safeguard for consumption of the product, an additional 20% wasinsured within the agreement. The clients satisfaction with price and quality incomparison with the other tendering companies was such that, even af ter theconcrete works were finished, they requested that the extra 20% mentioned inthe agreement was still purchased and distributed amongst their other projectsat the time!

Featured Project: Karun 3 Damand Hydro Power Plant, Iran

27Reservoirs, Dams and Waterways26 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk

AfricaSondu Miuiu Hydro Electric Power Project, Kenya

Asia PacificBalambano Hydro Power Plant, IndonesiaKinta Dam, MalaysiaNathpa Jhakri Hydro Power Project, IndiaThree Gorges Dam, China

References:EuropeGlendoe Dam, Scotland, UKMont Saint Michel Dam, FranceSouth AmericaRio Est Hydroelectric Project, PanamaRegional water system, La Rioja, ArgentinaTurbine foundations repair, Guadalupe IV HydrolelectricProject, ColombiaWaterways, Tuxapan Thermoelectric Power Plant, Mexico

Ground Conditions

Penetration in Rock

Rockmass ssure size (mm)

Stabilisation of Soils

Rockmass ssure size (mm)




15/34

From seawalls to bridge piers andbreakwaters, the key factor forthe durability of coastal concreteis its degree of exposure, whichaffects the level of saturation andthe frequency and rate of wettingand drying. Recent research shows

that it is the presence of cracks, nottheir width, that has the greatestinfluence on durability. Water is theone common factor in the chemical/ physical deterioration of the concrete,physical damage and corrosion ofreinforcement.

Admixtu resThe best way to ensure durability isto start off with dense, impermeableconcrete that restricts the ingressof water, using the appropriateadmixtures to achieve optimumperformance. Using admixtureswithin the mix design will help toachieve this: GLENIUM high-

range water-reducing/super-plasticising admixtures and RheoFIT waterproofing admixtures canbe introduced at batching stageto provide permanent integralwaterproofing and corrosionresistance. The BASF WatertightSystem will produce a concrete thatprovides protective and integralpermeability reduction, producingdense, structurally sound concretefor marine environments subject totidal and wet/dry cycling. Underwaterapplication of concrete is possibleusing our anti-washout admixtureRHEOMAC UW 450.

Construction ProductsIt is hardly surprising that coastalconcrete is often in a state requiringrepair. As well as the usual damagingeffects of sulphate attack, alkali silicareaction (ASR) and freeze-thaw cycle,it suffers from salt crystallisation andscaling to a greater degree, as wellas abrasion caused by sediment inthe seawater and shipping impact.Chloride ingress caused by seawateris a major contributor to the corrosionof reinforcement within the concrete.

Spray-applied mortars for large-scalerefurbishment, high-performancepatch repair products, joint sealants,protective coating and membranes:BASF Construction Chemicals hasthe solution for just about everymaritime concrete repair imaginable,including the essential repair ofcracks. The products we recommendfor coastal use will contribute to

extending the life-span of concrete inthe most aggressive of environments.

Cathodic protection is a tried andtested technique for maritimestructures suffering from chlorideingress; products from our EMACO Nanocrete range support thissolution.

Marine Structures and Defence

28 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk 29Marine Structures and Defence

Joint

Damage to sea wallfrom boat hulls

Corners vulnerableto spalling

Cracks and spalling

Higher concentrationof salt on horizontalsurfaces

Increased saltconcentrationnear bollards/drainage channels

Worst deterioration

Leeming, M.B. (1989). Concrete in the Oceans programmer -co-ordinating report on the whole programme.Offshore Technology Report OTH 87 248, HMSO.

Allen, R.T.L, Concrete in Co astal Str uctures.

1. EMACOFast rapid setting repair mortars suitable for use onpedestrian walkways in marine environments.

2. THORO WATERPLUG ultra-rapid setting mortar for crack sealingand rapid anchoring of metalwork in damp/wet conditions.

3. THORO and MASTERFLEX sealants for damp/immersed joints.4. THORO STRUCTURITE R4 and EMACO Fast rapid setting repair

mortars suitable for use in cracked and spalled areas including thesplash zone.

5. RHEOMAC UW 450 anti-washout admixture for underwater repairs.6. EMACO NANOCRETE structural repair mortars, suitable for

profiles and corners.7. EMACOFast, SHOTPATCH 12, EMACO Nanocrete, THORO

STRUCTURITE R4: all suitable for large-scale concrete repairs.8. EMACO Nanocrete, SHOTPATCH 12, THORO STRUCTURITE R4:

overhead concrete repairs.9. GLENIUM, RheoFIT 791 Series, RHEOCRETE 222+: admixtures

for durable, waterproof concrete in marine environments.

A tm os p he r ic zone

S p la s h zone

Und e r wa te r zo ne

I n c r e a s i n g m o

i s t u r e

c o n

t e n

t a n

d c h

l o r i

d e s

I n c r e a s i n g o x y g e n

a v a i

l a b i l i t y

1

2

7

4

8

3

5

6

9

4




16/34

Materialcategory



SpallingoversmallareasCover(mm)

C r a c k s e a l

i n g

S t r u c

t u r a

l c r a c k r e p a i r

B o n

d i n g a i

d s

J o i n t s e a

l i n g



/ p r o

t e c t

i o n

V e r t

i c a l

/ o v e r h e a

d r e p a

i r s

P e d e s

t r i a n w a l

k w a y s

C o r n e r s a n

d p r o

l e s

A n c h o r

i n g

b o l t s / p o s

t s

P e r m a n e n

t s u

b m e r s i o n

U n

d e r w a t e r a p p

l i c a t

i o n

C a t

h o d i c P r o

t e c t

i o n

P r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t c o r r o s i o n

C a n

b e s p r a y a p p l

i e d

C o n n e m e n

t o f c o n c r e

t e

F l e

x u r a

l s

t r e n g

t h

e n

i n g

o f

c o n c r e

t e

< 2 5

1 0 -

2 5

5 - 1 0

< 2 5

1 0 -

2 5

5 - 1 0

Sprayed concrete SHOTPATCH 12 l l l l l l

Polymer-modiedcementitiousmortars

EMACO Nanocrete R2 l l l l l l l l l l

EMACO Nanocrete R4 l l l l l l l l l l l l

EMACO FastFluid Fibre Tixo

l l l l l l l l l

THORO Structurite R4 l l l l l l l l l l l

THORO Waterplug l l l l

THORO Dryjoint l l

Elastomeric mortar THORO Flexijoint l l l

Admixtures

GLENIUM l l

RheoFIT 790 Series l l

RHEOCRETE 222+ l l

Anti-washou tadmixture RHEOMAC

UW 450 l l


SBR 570 l l l l

Polyurethaneresin joint sealants

MASTERFLEX 474 l l

MASTERFLEX 462 TF l l

Structuralstrengtheningsystems

MBRACE CarbonFibre Wrap

l l

MBRACE Kevlar

Aramid Sheet l l

MBRACE

Laminated Plates l

Polymer-modiedcoatingsandmembranes

THORO FLEX 200 l l l


THOROSEAL WR l l l l

MASTERSEAL 345 l l l l

Silane treatments PROTECTOSIL CIT l l

The Challenge At the time of construction, the UKs largest single pour ofself-compacting concrete (SCC) took place during repairscarried out at Associated British Ports O il Terminal atImmingham on the North East coast of Lincolnshire. Thearea to be repaired was located at the end of a jetty andwas problematic because its reinforcement was extremelycongested. The upstanding reinforcement preventedaccess for the conventional placing and compactionof concrete and, moreover, the 1.5m deep steel pilessupporting the area contained residual water, also apotential obstacle.

The SolutionUsing SCC by-passed these problems, as once pumpedinto place it needed no compaction. BASF admixturesGLENIUM 51 and MEYCO MS 685 were added to 10mmgravel aggregate concrete supplied by Lafarge Ready Mix,which was placed by contractor Nuttalls.

ApplicationOver 250m of SCC was poured into the area, whichmeasured 27m x 17.5m, with a depth of 0.4m. The concrete

penetrated the full 1.5m depth of the piles, displacing theresidual water with no overwash. The pour was completedwith a single concrete pump in just s ix hours. TheImmingham ABP Oil Terminal SCC project was used forresearch by the Concrete Society Working Party onSelf-Compacting Concrete.

Featured Project: Associated British PortsOil Terminal, Immingham, UK

31Marine Structures and Defence30 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk

Asia PacificRedcliffe Jetty and Seawall. AustraliaJebel Ali Free Zone, UAEQueens Pier, Hong KongPort of SingaporeTai Chung Harbour, Taiwan

References:

United KingdomImmingham Oil TerminalTrinity Pier, HarwichEurope

Autoterminal Port Barcelona, SpainContainer Terminal Born, NetherlandsLondon Berth, Jersey Harbour,Channel Islands

South AmericaContainer Terminal, Paranagu, BrazilInternational Terminal,Puerto San Antonio, ChilePluspetrol Marine Terminal,Piso, Peru.

g p



17/34

Swimming pools must not only retainwater but prevent the infiltration ofgroundwater when fully or partiallyempty. Open air pools can also faceproblems caused by the freeze-thawcycles. Aggressive acids, sulphatesand other chemicals in the subsoil

must also be taken into consideration,for instance: the organic acids inmoorland water can damage concreteand cement-based mortars. Adviceon dealing with difficult subsoilconditions is given in BRE S pecialDigest 1, Concrete in AggressiveGround (2005).

More porous than concrete, hand-applied mortars, rendering andtile adhesives are vulnerable tochemical attack and require carefulspecification. Once the swimmingpool is in service, locating andrepairing leaks is an extremelycostly process, particularly ifceramic coverings have been used.BASF Construction Chemicalsadvanced product range and one-stop specification service can helpto prevent the likelihood of futurewaterproofing problems.

Watertight JointsIn water-retaining structures such asswimming pools where construction

joints can be waterproofed bygrout injection, BASF ConstructionChemicals MASTERFLEX 900re-injectable hose system offersa watertight solution. A preventivesystem that avoids the manydisadvantages of waterbars, it can bere-tested and re-injected at any time.

Pool Surrounds and Deck AreasPermanently wet areas such as poolsurrounds and deck areas, oftencombined with underfloor heating,must be laid to sufficient falls of atleast 2%, in accordance withBS 5385. We advise waterproofingthe substrate in these areas withPCI Seccoral 2K before tile fixing.

Tile Fixing and GroutingWhen specifying a suitable tileadhesive and grout for use inswimming pools, it is essentialto choose the most appropriate.You have to take into account thefollowing factors: background, typeof tiles selected, chemical balanceof the pool water and the intendeduse of the pool. BASF ConstructionChemicals offer a complete rangeof adhesives and grouts to suit allrequirements e.g. PCI Tilefast 6Flex , PCI Nanolight , PCI Collastic tile adhesives. As far as grouts areconcerned BASF ConstructionChemicals can offer a real alternativeto an epoxy - PCI Durafug NT; itoffers high resistance to chemicalsand mechanical stress and applieslike any other cementitious grout.PCI Durapox NT Plus grout is alsoavailable when only an epoxy will do.

Swimming Pools

32 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk 33Swimming Pools

Tanking A comprehensive, reliablewaterproofing solution is to tank thepool and surrounding area with ourspecial permanent waterproofingsystem PCI Seccoral 2K. Designedfor use under ceramic coverings,Seccoral 2K offers the advantagesof a cement/polymer combination forsuccessful waterproofing and crack

bridging while allowing the passage ofvapour to avoid damage from osmoticpressure. It is used in conjunctionwith our special waterproofing tapePCI Pecitape for extra protection atcorners and wall/floor junctions andwith PCI wall and floor gaskets w hererequired.

Perkins, Philip H, Swimming Pools 4th edn,Taylor & Francis 2000

Tiled Walls

Renderingand screed

Subsoil

Concrete castpool shell

1. PCI Pericret & EMACO Nanocrete concrete repair materials.2. PCI Silcoferm VE elastomeric joint sealants.

3. PCI Seccoral waterproofing/tanking system.4. PCI Pecitape special waterproofing system for waterproof corner

and perimeter joints.5. PCI Tilefast and Nanolight series and Collastic tile adhesives.6. PCI Aquafug , Durafug NT and Durapox NT tile grouts.7. PCI Tilefast and Nanolight series and Collastic tile adhesives.8. PCI Aquafug , Durafug NT and Durapox NT tile grouts.9. GLENI UM and RheoFIT for durable waterproof concrete.

Connection joint

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Materialcategory


S h e l l a n

d s u r r o u n

d

A d j a c e n

t r o o m s

W a l

l s

F l o o r s

I n d o o r u s e

O u t

d o o r u s e

C r a c k

b r i

d g i n g

S t r u c t u r a

l c r a c k r e p a

i r

S t e e l

/ M e t a l

/ G R P

J o i n t s e a

l i n g

J o i n t w a t e r p r o o

n g

W a t e r p r o o

n g

/ p r o

t e c t

i o n

S o

f t s

C o r n e r s a n

d p r o

l e s

P e r m a n e n

t s u b m e r s i o n

L e v e

l l i n g

P r o

t e c

t i o n a g a i n s t c o r r o s i o n

C a n

b e s p r a y a p p

l i e d

Concrete repair

PCI Pericret l l l l l l l l l

EMACO Nanocrete R2 l l l l l l l l l l

EMACO Nanocrete R4 l l l l l l l l l l l l l

Bonding agent PCI Repahaft l l l l l l l l

Fast-track screeds PCI Novoment

M1 l l l l l

PCI Novoment M3 l l l l l

Waterproongsystems

PCI Seccoral 2K l l l l l l l l l l l

PCI Pecitape l l l l l l l l l l l l l

PCI Lastogum X l l l l l l

Tileable waterproofconstruction boards

PCI Pecidur l l l l l l

PCI Pecidur Wellness l l l l l l l

PCI Pecibord l l l l

Silicone joint sealantsPCI Silcoferm VE l l l l l l l l l l

PCI Silcoferm S l l l l l l l l

Tile Adhesives

PCI Tilefast 6 + PCIGrout/Adhesive Admix

l l l l l l l

PCI Tilefast 6 Flex l l l l l l l

PCI Tilefast 6 Rapid l l l l l

PCI Tilefast 6 Rapidex l l l l l

PCI Nanolight l l l l l l l l

PCI Nanolight Rapid l l l l l l l l

PCI Collastic l l l l l l l l

PCI Floorfast 20 Rapid l l l l

Tile Grouts

PCI Aquafug l * l l l l l l

PCI Durafug NT l * l l l l l l

PCI Durapox NT Plus l * l l l l l l

PCI Wall & Floor Grout l l l l l

Separation fabricunderlay PCI Pecilastic

W lA

l l l l l l l

Products used:

PCI Seccoral 2K - Waterproofing system

PCI Elritan - Sealant

PCI Silcoferm - Sealant

PCI Apogel - Sealant

PCI Epoxy Grout - Adhesive

PCI Tilefast 6 White/Flex White - Adhesives

PCI Floorfast 20 Rapid - Adhesive

PCI Pericret

- Levelling CompoundPCI Novoment - Mortar

The National Aquatic Centre houses the f irst commercial50 metre Olympic Pool in Ireland and was the hostvenue for the Special Olympics in 2003. This magnificentcomplex brings together international championshipsporting events alongside state-of-the-art family leisure.Part of an expanding government-sponsored sportscampus, it cost 70 million to build.

The ChallengeThe design of the National Aquatic Centre incorporateda range of facilities within the 20,000m 2 project, from theinternational FINA standard 50m x 25m championship poolto a 25m diving pool with four diving platforms at 3m,5m, 7.5m and 10m heights and a floating floor whichcould change its depth. The AquaZone, one of themost technically innovative water parks in Europe,completed the wet facilities. Reliable, high per formanceproducts were needed to ensure that each area was fullywaterproofed and could accommodate various technicaldemands.

The SolutionThe high profile project was a PCI s pecificationthroughout, the original specification being brokenfollowing the advice and technical support of PCI. A s aresult of this successf ully completed prestigious project,PCI is now perceived as the experts in Ireland onswimming pool installations. PCI has since completed over30 pool projects in Ireland, demonstrating its expertise andthe ability to deliver to specification.

Featured Project: National Aquatic Centre,Dublin, Ireland

35Swimming Pools34 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk

EuropeDe Peppel Swimming Pool, Netherlands

Villetaneuse Olympic Swimming Pool, FranceThermal Spa, Glcksburg, Germany

AsiaCasino, Macau, ChinaShipsMS Norwegian Jewel

References:

United Kingdom Ashford Leisure Centre, KentCardiff International Pool, WalesChelsea Football Club Training Academy, LondonDeptford Leisure Centre, LondonDurham Leisure Centre, Co. DurhamIrelandNational Aquatic Centre, DublinSheraton Fota Island Golf Resort & SpaTrinity College, Dublin

* Subject to water analysis report.A Surround only.


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Materialcategory



SpallingoversmallareasCover(mm)

C r a c k s e a l

i n g

S t r u c

t u r a

l c r a c k r e p a

i r

B o n d

i n g a i

d s

J o i n t s e a

l i n g



/ p r o

t e c t

i o n

V e r t

i c a l r e p a

i r s

C h e m

i c a l r e s i s t a n c e

C o r n e r s a n

d p r o

l e s

A n c

h o r i n g

b o l

t s / p o s t s

P e r m a n e n

t s u

b m e r s i o n

S e a

l i n g p e n e

t r a t

i o n s

P r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t c o r r o s i o n

C a n

b e s p r a y a p p

l i e d

< 2 5

1 0 -

2 5

5 - 1 0

< 2 5

1 0 -

2 5

5 - 1 0

Sprayed concrete SHOTPATCH 12 l l l l l


EMACO Nanocrete R2 l l l l l l l l l lEMACO Nanocrete R3 l l l l l l l l l l l


EMACO Nanocrete R4 Fluid

l l l l l l l l

EMACO FAST Fluid/Fibre/Tixo

l l l l l l l l

THORO STRUCTURITE R4

l l l l l l l l l l l

Hydro-swellingelastic compound THORO

WATERPACK l l


SBR 570 l l l l

Acrylic pol ymerliquid additive THORO

ACRYL 60 l l


MASTERFLEX 474 l l l

MASTERFLEX 462 TH l l l


THOROSEAL l l l

THORO FLEX 200 l l l l


THOROSEAL

WR l l l l

Chemical ResistantCoatings

CONIPUR M805 l l l l l

MASTERSEAL 190 l l l l l

Heavy-dutyPolyurethane screed UCRETE

RG l l

C he mi ca ls M AS TE RT OPTC473

Conipur M805 UCRETE

Solvent FreeEpoxy

ElastomericPolyurea

Heavy-dutyPolyurethane

AmmoniumHydroxide(32%)

R L R

Acetic Aci d(25%)

NR L R

ChlorinatedWater

R R R

Diesel Fuel R L R

Phosphoric Acid (10%)

L R R

Hydraulic Oil R R R

Lactic Acid(10%)

NR R R

Methanol NR L R

Motor Oil R R R

SodiumHydroxide(50%)

R R R

Hydrochloric Acid (37%)

L R R

Sulphuric Acid(50%)

R L R

CIRIA Report 163 Recommendations (where given)

Standard ConcretegradeMin. cement

content kg/m 2Water/cement

ratioBASF

Admixt ures

Bund wallsInternal

BS 8500C30

325 Max 0.55

GLENIUM & RheoFIT

External C40 GLENIUM

& RheoFIT

Bund oors/walls Standard BS 8007 C35A 325Max 0.55 - CEM I

Max 0.50 - CEM II /B-V GLENIUM & RheoFIT

Reinforced concrete:ground slabs Standard BS 8007 C35A 325

Max 0.55 - CEM IMax 0.50 - CEM II /B-V

GLENIUM & RheoFIT

Reinforcedconcrete: walls and

foundations

Standard BS 8500 C40 325 Max 0.55 GLENIUM

& RheoFIT

Standard BS 8500 RC40 340 Max 0.45 GLENIUM

& RheoFIT

Standard BS 8007 C35A 325Max 0.55 - CEM I

Max 0.50 - CEM II /B-V GLENIUM & RheoFIT

Blinding concreteunder slabs/foundations

Standard BS 8500 GEN2 200 - GLENIUM

Standard BS 8007 C20 - - GLENIUM

Concrete ll toreinforced blockwork Standard BS 8500 GEN2 200 - GLENIUM

The ChallengeThe oil storage tanks concerned contained supplies ofdiesel which amounted to 40% of the truck fleets fu elconsumption, delivered by train via the companys internalrail system on the site. The steel storage tanks were fixedinside secondary containment bunds constructed ofconcrete, linked to a concrete sump th at separated the

water and oil.

BASF Construction Chemicals needed to offer the clienta product that was resistant to oil attack and also met thenew regulatory requirements.

The SolutionFollowing research and consultations with the client,MASTERSEAL 515 elastomeric waterproof coatingwas specified as a base coat for the bund, onto whichMASTERSEAL 1390 reflective acrylic paint was appliedover an area totaling 125m.

The solution met the expectations of the client, passedleakage testing and was approved by both internalagencies and external regulators, serving as a successfulmodel for similar storage arrangements across Companhia

Vale do Rio Doces other mines.

Featured Project: Remote SecondaryContainer, Brazil

39Secondary Containment / Bunds38 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk

References:

United KingdomHuntsman Tioxide, Hartlepool

Avecia, Redcar and CorbyEllis and Everard, GatesheadMillenium Inorganic Chemicals, ImminghamNovartis Pharmaceuticals, GrimsbyShasun Pharmaceuticals, DudleyBio diesel plant, Vivergo BP, Immingham

To meet the requirements of new environmental legislation,mining company Companhia Vale do Rio Doce inItabira, Brazil, needed to create a remote secondarywaterproofed container to separate the collection ofwater and oil discharged from its storage tank bunds.Regulations specified that the secondary container mustbe waterproofed with products chemically resistant to oil.

R = Resistant (greater than 28 days permanent immersion)NR = Not Resistant (damage will occur in less than 24 hours)L = Limited Resistance (Resistant for up to 3 days continuous immersion) The above table is for guidance purposes only. For specic technical advice please e-mail us at: [email protected]



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Car park surfaces are constantlyexposed to aggressive chemicalsas a result of oil an d acid spills andcarbon dioxide gases. Surface saltdeposits in coastal areas with a salineatmosphere, climatic conditions suchas humidity, rain, and the impact

of de-icing salts all contribute to acorrosive environment, the effects ofwhich are worsened if cracks alreadyexist in concrete decks. The use of aprotective waterproofing membrane istherefore essential to reduce whole-life costs and down time caused bythe maintenance of deterioratingsurfaces.

The function of BASFs CONIDECK systems extends beyondwaterproofing protection to thepractical considerations of skidresistance, demarcation of parkingbays, traffic lanes and pedestrianwalkways. Systems that vary the decksurface through the use of coloursand light-reflective coatings improveusability, increase aesthetics andcreate a safe, welcoming atmosphere.

The CONIDECK range of solvent-free, crack-bridging and non crack-bridging polyurethane membranesand wear-and-tear resistant car parkdeck coatings covers both exposedand covered decks. Our tough wearcoats provide exceptional durability,while a coloured top coat givesdesign flexibility.

CONIDECK car park systems areapproved by the British Board of

Agrment, fulfil the requirements

of the German OS-F specificationfor crack-bridging coating systemsdesigned to take traffic, and hold theFrench ATEX approval.

Top Decks A single system across an entire parking structure isunlikely to be the best solution. The top deck of a car parkis the structures most vulnerable surface, exposed to theelements as well as to oils, acids, salts and UV radiation.To withstand such severe conditions, heavy-duty, UV-stable, elastomeric waterproofing systems are needed.

Our solutions for car park top decks provide exceptionaltensile strength and elastomeric capability. Double thethickness of most products, they u se a multi-layer build-up system to ensure optimum performance, even in theharshest environments. Spray application speeds upthe installation process and gives controlled thickness.CONIDECK Systems can easily bridge cracks of u p to2.5mm in width and offer a high level of mechanicalresistance, while top coats are available in a wide range ofcolours.

Lower DecksEnclosed, intermediate and lower decks are protectedfrom weather conditions to a large degree andalthough still exposed to aggressive de-icing salts areless susceptible to stress than top decks. A range of

CONIDECK systems for light to medium duty operationstake this into account.

Car Parks - Exposed Decks, Multi-storeyand Underground

40 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk 41Car Parks - Exposed Decks,Multi-storey and Underground

1. CONIDECK elastomeric waterproof deck membranes: spray orhand applied elastomeric crack bridging membranes to provideguaranteed long term protection even in heavy-duty wear areassuch as ramps and turning circles.

2. CONIDECK intermediate car park deck coatings: solvent free andwater dispersed floor coatings, available in a variety of colours.

3. EMACO Nanocrete cementitious concrete repair systems: for smallor large scale replacement of spalled or damaged concrete.

4. MASTERSEAL protective coatings for anti carbonation and anti-graffiti: aesthetic improvement and protection to delay the onset ofcorrosion.

5. EMACO Fast traffic repair mortars: for rapid setting repair ofpotholes, joint arrises, etc. with a minimum down time and lossof revenue.

6. EMACO CP cathodic protection systems: for the only permanentsolution to heavily chloride contaminated concrete structures.

7. MASTERFLEX structural adhesives and CONCRESIVE resininjection systems: for repair of non-moving cracks.

8. MASTERFLOW cementitious and resin grouts: for anchoringbarriers, external cladding, etc.

9. MBRACE systems for structural strengthening and increasing loadbearing capability: carbon and aramid fibre tow sheets, laminatesand rods with MBRACE resin systems.

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8/12/2019 BASF Specifiers Guide to Waterproofing-file

BASF Specifiers Guide to Waterproofing-file023935

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