BASELINE SURVEY ON NEEDS ASSESSMENT AND AWARENESS OF HORTICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES IN NATIONAL...
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Continental J. Agronomy 6 (1): 42 - 48, 2012 ISSN: 2141 - 4114 Wilolud Journals, 2012
http://www.wiloludjournal.comPrinted in Nigeria
BASELINE SURVEY ON NEEDS ASSESSMENT AND AWARENESS OF HORTICULTURALTECHNOLOGIES IN NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTES ADOPTED
VILLAGES
Amao, I. O., Adebisi-Adelani, O. and Olajide-Taiwo, F. B.National Horticultural Research Institute, Idi-Ishin, Jericho, Ibadan.
ABSTRACTThe main source of knowledge creation and technology generation in sub-Sahara Africa including Nigeria has been
the National Agricultural Research Institutes (NARIs), the Universities and technology generation arm of theagricultural sector. The study was carried out in Osegere and Awaye (Oyo State) to assess the awareness of the
National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT) technologies by her two adopted villages as well as theirneeds. Sixty respondents were sampled in both villages. Data for the study was collected with the aid of structured
interview guide and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The analysis involved the use of descriptive (frequencies andpercentages) and inferential (Chi-square) statistics. The result revealed that most of the sampled farmers in both
villages are not aware of technologies generated by NIHORT with the exception of Osegere where about 50% areaware of the rapid multiplication technology of plantain. The study also revealed that the community (X2 = 6.13)to which a farmer belongs and household size (X2 =24.55) had a significant relationship with their awareness of the
rapid multiplication technology in plantain; while age (X 2 = 33.21) of respondents had a significant relationshipwith their awareness of pineapple technology at P
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Amao, I. O et al.,: Continental J. Agronomy 6 (1): 42 - 48, 2012
development and technology transfer in Nigeria (NIHORT, 2004, Ojehomon, 1983, Ogungbaigbe, 2004).However, NIHORT has been able to generate and adapt improved technologies for banana and plantain
production (as well as other fruits) and development through collaboration with International Network forImprovement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) and International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA),
National Research Organizations and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). Dissemination of generatedtechnologies is ensured through collaboration with State Agricultural Development Projects (ADPs), Ministries
of Agriculture and Natural Resources, NGOs, Farmers Cooperatives and private farmers (NIHORT, 2004).
In order to adequately transfer most of her technologies, NIHORT adopted three villages - Osegere, Awaye and
Ogotun in the year 1996 during the era of the National Agricultural Research Project (NARP). Sometechnologies were introduced then such as Plantain and Banana Rapid Multiplication and Budded Citrus. Due to
dwindling of funds, there was poor monitoring that did not allow the project to be continued as planned. In
2006, a survey on awareness and usage of NIHORT technology was conducted which led to creation ofadditional adopted villages which are Igbara-odo and Birokiki. In, 2009 Agricultural Research Council of
Nigeria came up with the aim of reforming the adopted villages and they now mandated each Research Institute
to have two adopted villages which should not be more than 20km away from the institute. Then NIHORTchose Awaye and Osegere in Egbeda local government area of Oyo state to give room for proper monitoringand supervision. This led to the need to have a base line data of the villages so as to give room for future
assessment. Also due to the fact that NIHORT has been working with these villages, there arose the need toassess their awareness of NIHORT technologies. Thus, the general objective of the study is to assess the
awareness of NIHORT technologies by the 2 NIHORT adopted villages- Awaye and Osegere as well as theneeds of the villages. The specific objectives were:
To describe the personal characteristics of respondents in the study area.
To determine the awareness of respondents to NIHORT technologies in the study area.
To identify the constraints to agricultural production in the study area.
To identify the needs of the adopted villages.
Hypothesis
Ho: There is no significant relationship between awareness of some NIHORT technologies and the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study area was Oyo State Nigeria. Oyo State belongs to the Yoruba ethnic group with a total population ofabout 5,591,589 inhabitants (NPC, 2006). Oyo State lies between 7 oN and 9oN and longitude 2.5oE and 5oE in
the rain forest and the derived savanna zones.
Osegere and Awaye were purposively sampled being the closest NIHORT adopted villages.
Structured questionnaire was used for the collection of baseline data on awareness of respondents to NIHORTTechnologies. Sixty farmers were randomly sampled from the group of farmers in the communities Awaye
(33) and Osegere (27). Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was used to assess the needs of the communities afterwhich they were ranked. The data collected using the structured questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive as
well as inferential statistics.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONPersonal characteristics of farmers
From Table 1, a majority of the respondents (farmers) in Awaye community are between the ages of 41-50,while in Osegere, the farmers are mostly between 61-70 years of age (29.6%). This shows that majority of
farmers in the two adopted villages are old, indicating that not much young people are involved in farming asobserved by Torimiro and Oluborode (2006); however in Osegere quite a percentage (25.9%) of the farmers are
between 20-30 years. In Awaye and Osegere, most of the farmers are male (60.6% and 70.4% respectively). Alarge percentage of the farmers are married in both villages- Awaye (78.8%) and Osegere (88.9%) respectively.
Households in both Awaye and Osegere are large sized households having between 6-10 household members
(57.6% and 74.1% respectively). Most of the farmers in both villages have no formal education (Awaye- 60.6%and Osegere - 40.7%) this might have a bearing on their level of awareness and adoption of agricultural
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innovations are affected by the literacy status of farmers. Those who are literate are expected to be moreinnovative because of their ability to reach the information more quickly and ability to take more risk (IAR,
Amao, I. O et al.,: Continental J. Agronomy 6 (1): 42 - 48, 2012
2001). The results also showed that in Awaye- 72.7% of the respondents and 70% in Osegere have their
primary occupation as farming. All are farmers in Awaye and 96.3% of them in Osegere are members ofassociation with the main business of their association as farming. The benefits derived such as credit linkage,
fertilizer access, and access to market outlet are only received by some not all the farmers (39.4%, 18.2%, and12.1%) respectively in Awaye. On the other hand in Osegere, 29.0%, 11.1% and 3.7% of the farmers received
the credit linkage, fertilizer access and access to market outlet benefits for being members of their associationrespectively. In Awaye the largest percentage of farmers (42.4%) got the ownership of their accommodation
through inheritance while in Osegere most of them (51.9%) own their accommodation. 93.9% of farmers in
Awaye have no access to agricultural extension services while 63% have access in Osegere.
Table 1: Personal characteristics of the respondents
Personal characteristics of respondents Awaye Osegere
Percentage Percentage
Age
20-3031-4041-50
51-60>60
Total
12.118.239.4
6.124.2
100.0
25.914.811.1
14.833.3
100.0
Sex
MaleFemale
Total
60.639.4
100.0
70.429.6
100.0
Marital status
SingleMarried
WidowedTotal
15.278.8
6.1100.0
7.488.9
3.7100.0
Household size1-5
6-10>10
Total
33.3
57.69.1
100.0
18.5
74.17.4
100.0
Highest educational attainment
No formal educationKoranic education
Primary education
Secondary education
Post secondary education
60.63.0
15.2
18.2
3.0100.0
40.77.4
29.6
22.2
-100.0
Farming as primary occupationYes
No
Total
72.7
27.3
100.0
63.0
37.0
100.0
Membership of associationYes
No
Total
100.0
-
100.0
96.3
3.7
100.0
Main business of associationFarming
Religious / Cultural
Total
81.8
18.2
100.0
96.3
3.7
100.0
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Benefits derived from membership ofassociation*
Credit linkageAccess to fertilizer
Access to market outlet
39.418.2
12.1
29.611.1
3.7
Ownership of accommodationSelf
InheritedRented
OthersTotal
39.4
42.415.2
3.0100.0
51.9
33.314.8
-100.0
Access to agricultural extension servicesYes
NoTotal
6.06
93.94100.00
37.04
62.96100.00
Source: Field survey, 2009. (*- benefits do not add up to 100% as not all respondents recorded benefits of
membership of association).
Awareness of NIHORT technologies
Table 2 showed that in both villages, farmers were not aware of NIHORT technologies with the exception of51.9% of them in Osegere who were aware of rapid multiplication technology in plantain this is in consonance
with Okoro (2008) where about 46.6% of the respondents were aware of the minisett technique in yamproduction across Nigerias yam belt.
Table 2: Respondents awareness of NIHORT TechnologiesRespondents awareness of NIHORT
technology
Awaye Osegere
Percentage Percentage
Rapid multiplication technique of plantain
AwareNot aware
Total
21.278.8
100.0
51.848.2
100.0Rapid multiplication technique of
pineappleAware
Not awareTotal
3.097.0
100.0
11.188.9
100.0
Budding technique in citrusAware
Not awareTotal
27.3
72.7100.0
25.9
74.1100.0
Source: Field survey, 2009.
Constraints to agricultural production
The results in Table 3 revealed that constraints faced by the farmers include lack of credit facilities, pests anddiseases attack, transportation problem/bad road and electricity problem. In Awaye, about 50% of the farmers
complained about the problem of transportation while 67% of the sampled farmers in Osegere had lack of creditfacilities as a major constraint to their production.
Table 3: Constraints to agricultural productionConstraints to agricultural production Awaye Osegere
Percentage Percentage
Lack of credit facilities 15.2 66.7
Crop attack of pests and diseases 3.0 14.8
Transportation problem / bad road 45.5 3.7
Electricity problem 6.1 -
Lack of farm inputs 18.2 3.7
Lack of market facilities 12.1 11.1
Source: Field survey, 2009.
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Amao, I. O et al.,: Continental J. Agronomy 6 (1): 42 - 48, 2012
Relationship between the awareness of NIHORT technologies and socio-economic characteristics
From Table 4, the hypothesis revealed that the community to which a farmer belongs (X 2=6.13) and householdsize (X2=24.55) had a significant relationship with their awareness of the rapid multiplication technology in
plantain as already shown in the descriptive statistics. This could also be due to the fact that NIHORT hadworked in collaboration with IITA to introduce hot water treatment of plantain/banana suckers in Osegere
during the NARP era. Also, the age of respondents (X2=33.21) was observed to have a significant relationshipwith their awareness of pineapple technology contrary to apriori expectation that the older the farmers the less
their willingness to try new innovations or take risks (Odoemenem and Obinne, 2010). In addition, theawareness of budded citrus technology had a significant relationship with the sex (X2=7.92) of the farmers as
most of them are males. This could be due to the fact that the male counterpart are the ones to get informed first
about any new information in the community.
Table 4: Relationship between awareness of NIHORT technologies and socio-economic characteristics of the
respondents
Socio-economic characteristics of respondents Df Chi-square
value
Asymp.Sig. (2
sided)Awareness of rapid multiplication technique of
plantainCommunity
Age
Marital statusSex
Household headHousehold size
Highest educational attainment
121
2
11
134
6.13**21.17
3.49
0.040.61
24.55**1.98
0.010.45
0.18
0.840.44
0.030.74
Awareness of rapid multiplication technique of
pineappleCommunity
AgeMarital status
SexHousehold head
Household sizeHighest educational attainment
121
21
113
4
1.5633.21**
0.862.31
1.434.39
6.54
0.210.04
0.650.13
0.230.97
0.16
Awareness of budding technique in citrusCommunity
AgeMarital status
SexHousehold head
Household sizeHighest educational attainment
1
212
11
134
0.01
27.101.92
7.92**1.82
9.350.80
0.91
0.170.38
0.010.18
0.750.94
Source: Field survey, 2009. (**- significant at p
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Amao, I. O et al.,: Continental J. Agronomy 6 (1): 42 - 48, 2012
Table 5: Needs assessment of NIHORT adopted villages
Needs of adopted village-Osegere
Rank Needs of adopted village -Awaye
Rank
Finance 1 Road 1Provision of road 2 School (Primary and
Secondary)
2
Hall of meeting 3 Finance / Credit facilities 3
Provision of market 4 Markets 4
Provision of selective
herbicides
5 Hospitals 5
Establishment of oil palm
trees
6 Tractor 6
Fertilizer provision 7 Vehicles for transportation 7
Improved vegetable seeds 8 Cottage industry 8
Establishment of citrus
orchard for individualfarmer
9 Fertilizers 9
Establishment of improved
cocoa
10 Chemicals (herbicides) 10
Tractor hiring 11 Seedlings (cocoa, palm tree,
citrus, maize)
11
Personnel in hospital 12 Oil palm processingmachine
12
Women in special need 13 Gari processing machine 13
Oil palm processing
machine
14 Modern plant for drying
cassava
14
Farm tools/cutlass 15
Fish pond 16Dam 17
Borehole 18
Source: Field Survey, 2009.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONThe study revealed that the awareness of NIHORT technologies in the adopted villages of Awaye and Osegere
has been low. Low awareness that has been observed for these technologies could be improved through
participatory training between the extension unit and the farmers. There is the need to enhance the performance
of the extension unit for proper service delivery. This will lead to adoption of such technologies because asfarmers become aware of technologies, adoption of such technology consequently rises which ultimately leads
to increased agricultural production. The needs assessment of the communities also attest to the constraint offinance indicated by the respondents as finance is one of the three most important needs of both communities.
Thus, the constraints to agricultural production faced by farmers in the study area (finance/ credit access, amongothers) can be alleviated by giving them access to credit so as to improve their production in a bid to gaining the
benefits of improved technology generation.
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Nigeria, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria.
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University, Samaru-Zaria, Nigeria, April, 2001.
Kaimowitz, D. K. and Merill-Sands, D. (1989). Making the link between agricultural research and technology
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Amao, I. O et al.,: Continental J. Agronomy 6 (1): 42 - 48, 2012
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Nigeria (HORTSON).
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Ogungbaigbe, L. O. (2004). Research-Extension-Farmer-Linkages for fruit technology transfer in selected states
of southwestern Nigeria. Unpublished PhD thesis in the Department of agricultural Extension and Rural
Development, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 191pp.
Ojehomon, O. O. (1983). Presidential address, Horticultural Society of Nigeria, Acta Horticulturae, 123, pp 17-
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Nigerias Yam Belt, PAT 2008; 5 (1): 22-29 ISSN: 0794-5213, Online copy available atwww.patnsukjournal.net/currentissue, Publication of Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University, Keffi.
Torimiro, D.O. and A.A. Oluborode, (2006). Exploring socio-economic correlates of production needs for
enhancing food security through farm youth in southwest Nigeria.Pak. Journal of Applied Science Research, 2:248-255.
Received for Publication: 11/05/2012
Accepted for Publication: 14/07/2012
Corresponding authorAmao, I. O.National Horticultural Research Institute, Idi-Ishin, Jericho, Ibadan.
Email: [email protected]
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