Basal Ganglia Part of the motor system: control of voluntary movement Caudate Nucleus Putamen Globus...
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![Page 1: Basal Ganglia Part of the motor system: control of voluntary movement Caudate Nucleus Putamen Globus Pallidus Input to caudate and putamen from: Cerebral.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e255503460f94b13aa8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Basal GangliaPart of the motor system:
control of voluntary movement
• Caudate Nucleus• Putamen
• Globus Pallidus
Input to caudate and putamen from:• Cerebral cortex • Substantia Nigra (Dopamine)
Output through the globus pallidus to• Thalamus to the motor cortex• Brain stem
Striatum
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Basal Ganglia
Parkinson’s Disease:Degeneration of DA neurons in
Substantia Nigra Basal Ganglia.
• Slow movement•Difficulty producing movement
• Tremor
Treatment:• L-DOPA
• Neurosurgery• Neurostimulation
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Parkinson’s Normal
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Basal GangliaPart of the motor system:
control of voluntary movement
• Caudate Nucleus• Putamen
• GP: Globus Pallidus
Input to caudate and putamen from:• Cerebral cortex • SN: Substantia Nigra (Dopamine)
Output through the globus pallidus to• Thalamus to the motor cortex• Brain stem
Striatum
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motor
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HypothalamusHomeosthasis
Controls the hormonal system (autonomic nervous system)Four F’s: Feeding; Fighting; Fleeting; Mating
טמפרטורה •לחץ דם •מטבוליזם •מחזור יום-לילה •מחזור חודשי •
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Brain Stem
• Midbrain• Pons• Medulla
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Midbrain
• Tectum (Dorsal)• Tegmentum (Ventral)
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Midbrain
Tectum (Dorsal)
Tegmentum (Ventral)
Tectum (Dorsal):Superior Colliculus (visual sys)
Inferior Colliculus (auditory sys)
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Auditory pathway
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Tegmentum
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Brain Stem
• Midbrain• Pons• Medulla
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Brain Stem
Pons: •Reticular formation: arousal/sleep•Cranial nerves•Fibers to cerebellum
Medulla: •Respiration•Cardiovascular system
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Cerebellumpart of the motor system
• Balance
• Movement timing
• Coordination
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Brain Stem spinal cord
• Midbrain• Pons• Medulla
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Spinal Cord
Grey matter (butterfly) = cell bodies
White matter – ascending and
descending tracts
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Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain (in the skull)
Spinal Cord (in the spine)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Located outside of the skull and
spine
Serves to bring information into
the CNS and carry signals out of
the CNS
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Peripheral Nervous System
• Spinal Nerves – body (spinal cord)
• Cranial Nerves – head & neck (brain)
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Spinal NervesBody
reflexes
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Unipolar neuron – soma in the dorsal root ganglion
Multipolar neuron – soma in the spinal cord
Spinal Nerves
Dorsal:Sensory inputAFFERENT
Ventral:Motor outputEFFERENT
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Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon
Cranial NervesHead and Neck
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Cranial NervesHead and Neck
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• Somatic nervous system• Autonomic nervous system
Peripheral Nervous systemInput to and output from CNS
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Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic Nervous Sys– skeletal muscles – voluntary– soma of motor neuron in
CNS
Autonomic Nervous Sys– smooth muscles– Involuntary– soma of motor neuron in
PNS (ganglion)
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Autonomic nervous system
• Sympathetic (crisis)
• "fight or flight”
• Thoracic & lumbar
• Parasympathetic
• “rest & digest"
• Cranial and Sacral
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Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain (in the skull)
Spinal Cord (in the spine)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Located outside of the skull and
spine
Serves to bring information into
the CNS and carry signals out of
the CNS