Barton South America Political Ecology Case...
Transcript of Barton South America Political Ecology Case...
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The Political Ecology of Amazonian The Political Ecology of Amazonian Deforestation –
Independence Struggles of Rubber Tappers
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Madagascar:
Deforested D for st
by 80%
Medicinal discoveries discoveries perceived as
Success storyy
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Conservation for Cultural Survival
Rainforest- dependent culture
groups:p
(1) Indigenous
(2) Peasants
(3) Caboclos
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Examining the Political Economic Causes of DeforestationDeforestation
(1) Rapid Population Growth…(Neo-Malthusian argument)argument)
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(2) Commercial (2) Commercial logging and the global demand for hardwoods and pulp hardwoods and pulp (paper)
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Example:
• Tropical Timbers and the Home Depot Controversy p y
• Certified Forest Products CouncilProducts Council
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(3) Brazilian government’s colonization schemes( ) g
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(4) Rainforest clearing for agriculture (4) Rainforest clearing for agriculture
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Slash and Burn:
Fires in Mexico 1998
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Deforestation, siltation M th f A RiMouth of Amazon River
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(5) R i f t l i f ttl hi(5) Rainforest clearing for cattle ranching
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Jungleburgers?
R i f R h d h H b Rainforests, Ranches, and the Hamburger Connection
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(6) Commercial Logging and Related Road Building
Rhondonia Brazil (1975)
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Rhondonia, Brazil (1986)
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Rh d i B il (1992)Rhondonia, Brazil (1992)
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(7) Perception of Brazilian rainforest as savage and wild - parallels to American frontierand wild parallels to American frontier
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Local Response to Large Scale Deforestation/Ranching
Extractive reserves
- led by Chico Mendez- led by Chico Mendez
- organized empates
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•Extraction of B il tBrazil nuts
•$30 million in exportsexports
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Extraction of Rubber (photo: rubber tapper settlements)
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Rubber tappers in Acre Rubber tappers in Acre scoring and flagging rubber trees
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Latex balls sold to market afterLatex balls sold to market after
being smoked
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Rubber tappers engage in what is called “Income diversification” – or multiple jobsdiversification or multiple jobs...
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Objectives of Rubber tappers:
-(1) protect forest
-(2) secure land
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1986 road project proposed that would 1986 - road project proposed that would endanger rubber tapper settlements
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U.S. – rubber tapper alliances were f d t t t formed to protect forest and livelihoods
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C tl U S Consequently, U.S. congress pressures IDB (International Development Bank) to halt Development Bank) to halt paving
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Protests against ranching and development continue; Chico Mendez diescontinue; Chico Mendez dies
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Map of “Extractive” reserves as of 1999:
“P t t d f t t b d b “Protected forest areas to be managed by local communities”