Barbara Radwanek-Bąk Polish Geological Institute -Carpathian Branch Polias Geological Survey
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Transcript of Barbara Radwanek-Bąk Polish Geological Institute -Carpathian Branch Polias Geological Survey
Barbara Radwanek-BąkPolish Geological Institute-Carpathian BranchPolias Geological Survey
Some problems
of sustainable management
of mineral resources in Poland
Polish mineral resources over centuries
Mile stones of the polish mining and prospection geology
• 1253 – rock salt underground Bochnia mine• 1290 - rock salt Wieliczka mine• 1415 - native sulphur mining in Swoszowice near Krakow• 1740 - lignite mine in the Turoszów area• 1822 - Zn-Pb Bolesław mine• 1947 - discovery of Kłodawa salt dome deposit • 1953 - discovery of huge native sulphur deposits in the Tarnobrzeg area• 1954 - discovery of lignite deposits by Konin and Bełchatów• 1957 – discovery of Cu ore deposits in the Lubin-Polkowice area• 1959 – KGHM –Cu ores mining and processing plant• 1959 - opencast sulphur mine in Piaseczno• 1967 - discovery of hard coal deposit Łęczna in the Lublin Basin• 1974 - Zn-Pb mine at Olkusz• 1975 - lignite Bełchatów mine• 1982 - hard coal mine Bogdanka in the Lublin Basin
Number of deposits Intrinsically Economic Resources
ExtractionMinerals Total of witch were
exploited
State on 31.12 2005
of which were exploited
Energy source 598 329 56,473.12 17,992.10 163.17
of which is solid 209 58 56,214.31 17,829.58 156.81
Narural gas 256 183 154.35 127.72 5.23
Crude oil 89 69 19.52 18.26 0.87
Lignite 76 10 13,634.93 1,788.88 61.19
Hard coal 133 48 42,579.38 16,040.70 95.62
Metallic raw materials 36 8 2,204.73 1,391.24 31.02
Zinc and lead ores 21 3 174.06 34.95 4.9
Copper ores 15 5 2,030.67 1,356.29 26.12
Chemical raw materials 48 11 81,331.42 11,310.55 4.77
Native sulphur 17 5 468.47 38.05 0.78
Rock salt 19 5 80,187.64 11,200.42 3.99
Industral minerals and rocks 7,95 2,746 53,139.20 15,865.58 167.39
Gypsums and anhydrites 15 4 260.88 115.12 1.17
Ceramic and common clays 1,332 358 4,7730.04 627.14 6.24
Crushed and dimension stones 556 227 8,201.85 3,874.90 28.70
Natural aggregate 5,118 1,893 14,637.32 3,301.73 81.40
Glass sand 30 7 601.40 133.91 1.88
Peat 183 79 76.58 34.53 0.84
Limestone and marls for thecement and lime industry
177 38 18,029.32 6,063.10 29.61
The main mineral resources and the amount of their extraction in 2005;in million tonnes, natural gas in billions m3
Future forecast of the mining development in Poland
Raw material Resources, economic and spatial planning conditioning
Forecast
Crude oil limited resources; small, old mines no development
Natural gas new resources and discoveries are possible, no economic neither ecological restrictions
moderate development
Hard coal decreasing reserves in the active deposits - some new mines necessary to be builtreorganization of mining sector, ecological restrictions
status-quo, decreasing trend
Lignite extensive identified resources, ecological restrictions
good conditions despite restrictions
Cu ores(+ Ag, Au, Ni, Re, Se) economic reserves sufficient for about 30 years long extraction
good conditions
Zn-Pb ores economic reserves almost depleted, closure of active mines is expected in 5 years; first working of reserve deposits necessary
exploitation almostfinished
Rock salt large identified resources good conditions
Natural aggregates large resources on a country scale, but shortage in some regions many strong ecological restrictions, decreasing deposits availability due to nature protection and land-use planning factors, good economic and market condition
increasing of environmental and land-use conflicts with opencast mining
strong development during 5 years
Dimension and crushed stones
Ceramic and common clays
Environmental and spatial planning conditioning of mining activity
• 1. A neccessity of keeping a number of environmental standards (water and air pollution, noise,
waste management)• • 2. Minimization of anthropogenic impacts of mining industry to the environment
• 3. Growing of nature protected areas and objects
• 4. Development of housing and growing of spatial-planning conflicts
• 5. Decreasing of a mineral deposits and mineral resources accessibility, causing possible future lack of raw materials
a
Housing development / mining activity conflict. Sandstone quarry at Klikuszowa
Housing and public facilities / deposit accessibility conflict. Natural aggregate deposits of the Dunajec valley.
Natura 2000 Net/deposits accessibitity conflict.
Natural aggregate deposits of the Soła river valley
Type of mineral commodity
Deposits available without any
constrains(A)
Deposits available with some constrains
(B)
Non available deposits
(C)
Quantity of
deposits
% of total regional resources
Quantity of
deposits
% of total regional resources
Quantity of
deposits
% of total regional resources
Crushed and dimension stone
20 19,6 73 73,6 13 6,7
Ceramic clays 33 48,5 49 48,8 3 2,7
Natural aggregate 21 7,3 171 88,1 12 4,6
Diatomite 1 3,9 3 96,1 - -
Ecological conflict of the mineral deposits in the polish part of the Carpathians
Type of mineral
commodity
Reasons of ecological-spatial-planning constrains
Landscape protection
Forestprotection
Soil protection
Water protection
Spatial planning
Crushed and
dimension stone
45 36 4 0 9
Ceramic clays
3 1 34 0 12
Natural aggregate
29 2 68 63 25
Diatomite 0 1 0 0 0
Reasons of ecological and spatial-planning conflicts of mineral deposits exploited in the polish part of the Carpathians
Future mining = sustainable mining = sustainable management of mineral resources
Sustainable mining - conducting mineral activity according tosustainable development principles. It relates to all stages of mining and processing activities.
In the field of geology:• 1. Elaboration of environmental management principles in the areas where minerals are
exploited: - preparing geological studies and pre-feasibility studies with respect to the
environmental factors; - preparing the environmental impact assessments.• 2. Balancing mineral deposits and mineral resources and keeping the mining areas
register.• 3. Classifying and valorisation of the deposits - for the sake of their protection (accessibility) - to show the possible conflicts between their management, environment and land
use-planning
• 4. Preparing the geological-economic- environmental maps of Poland in 1:50 000
• 5. Keeping activities for mineral waste utilization (investigations and tests, preparing maps showing location dumps of mineral waste useful for road construction)
• 6. Identification and assessment of the anthropopgenic mineral deposits.
Future mining=sustainable mining
• In the field of mining activity:
• 1. Decreasing of negative impacts of mining
• 2. Reasonable management and utilization of mineral resources
• 3. Securing the unutilized mineral reserves in abandoned deposits
• 4. Reclamation and redevelopment of mining sites and post mining areas
• 5. Geodiversity protection: - development of geoparks in post mining areas - elaboration geotourist attractions and/or geosities studies.
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Conclusions
1. Future development of mining have to be realized according to the sustainable development rules.
2. The pointed fields of the activity are realized with different intensity by the Polish Geological Survey.
3.
Stan zasobów węgla kamiennego, brunatnego i torfu w latach 1954-1960
Stan zasobów gazu ziemnego i metanu pokładów węgla w latach 1955-2000
Resources of main metal raw materials
in 1954-2002
Resources of chemical raw materialsin 1954-2002