THE INFLUENCE OF MUSIC BASED ON THE MIRROR NEURON SYSTEMAlexandre Key Wakate Teruya (key.teruya@gmail.com)*, José Eudes de Carvalho Neri (eudes_norte@hotmail.com)*, Kim Soares Marinho*, Thais Gregol de Farias*, Elisabete Castelon Konkiewitz **

*Discentes em Medicina da Faculdade de Ciências de Saúde, FCS/UFGD. **Médica graduada na UNIFESP, com doutorado em Neurologia pela Technische Universität München, TUM, Alemanha.

INTRODUCTION

DEVELOPMENT

CONCLUSION

This study aims to review the relationship between music and the mirror neuron system, involving not only its learning but also the emotional feeling. This perception was demonstrated by comparing a musician and an untrained person.

While the subject listens to the music, pre-motor cortex and inferior frontal gyrus regions are activated as if the own listener was performing the movements to play the instrument. And this phenomenon facilitates the learning process of this music. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 The more instructed is the subject the better is his/her emotional feeling regarding the music, mainly on vocal sounds. When monitoring specific instruments, it is possible to understand that when someone listens to a melody, the superior temporal gyrus is activated and, soon, the postero-inferior frontal gyrus areas as well, as if the listener was executing it. In addition the insula does a connection with the limbic system, which will evaluate the emotional condition of the music. Therefore, the postures and gestures are caused by the activation of BA44 and insula, during an emotional state. 6

To confirm the emotional bond to the musical environment, a test was made with 22 subjects to determine what type of feeling would be transmitted while listening to a song. A Chopin’s work was then chosen, named “Tristesse”. During the tests, it was shown that the fluctuating times caused cerebral waves in consonance with the song. As a result, this influenced an emotional response in every subject. 7 Thus, it can be concluded that the song proceeded to affect the mirror neuron system from the learning process until music emotional and sentimental consequences.

It is possible to confirm the importance of the mirror neuron system in music; however more research is needed.

1. D'Ausilio, A., Altenmüller, E., Olivetti Belardinelli, M., and Lotze, M. (2006) Cross -modal plasticity of the motor cortex while listening to a rehearsed musical piece. Eur. J. Neurosci. 24, 955–958.2. Bangert, M. and Altenmüller, E.O. (2003) Mapping perception to action in piano practice: a longitudinal DC-EEG study. BMC Neurosci. 4, 26.3. Lahav, A., Saltzman, E., and Schlaug, G. (2007) Action representation of sound: audiomotor recognition network while listening to newly acquired actions. J. Neurosci. 27, 308–314.4. D’Ausilio, A. Mirror-Like Mechanisms and Music. The Scientific World Journal 9, 1415-1422. DOI 10.1100/tsw.2009.1605. Zatorre, R.J., Chen, J.L., and Penhune, V.B. (2007) When the brain plays music: auditory -motor interactions in music perception and production. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 8, 547–558.6. I. Molnar-Szakacs, K. Overy. Music and mirror neurons: from motion to ’e’ motion, SCAN(2006) I, 234-24I. DOC:10.1093/scan/ns10297. Rizzolatti G, Craighero L (2004) The mirror-neuron system. Annual Review of Neuroscience 27: 169–192.

Figura 1. I. Molnar-Szakacs, K. Overy. Music and mirror neurons: from motion to ’e’ motion, SCAN(2006) I, 234-24I. DOC:10.1093/scan/ns1029

Figura 2. Chapin H, Jantzen K, Scott Kelso JA, Steinberg F, Large E (2010) Dynamic Emotional and Neural Responses to Music Depend on Performance Expression and Listener Experience. PLoS ONE 5(12): e13812. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013812.