Bangladesh Cyclone
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Transcript of Bangladesh Cyclone
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Cyclone in
Bangladesh
Kazi Saiful Islam
Institute of Disaster andVulnerability StudiesUniversity of Dhaka
6/6/2014
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Do you agree or not?
Some people says there is no disaster, all arehazards
If you forget last disaster, next disaster will appear.
Cyclone signal system in Bangladesh is 1 , 2 , 3, 4, 6,8,9 & 10
Cyclone hit Bangladesh because of its Geographicallocation
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Bangladesh
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HAZARDS VULNERABILITIESGeographical
factorsType of hazard
Deltaic low lands(30% land only1m above sealevel)
Flood, tidal surge,salinity intrusion,tsunami, sea level rise(SLR)
Vast floodplainsand wetlands
Floods, siltation,drought, flashflood,waterlogging, pollution,
Network of 300rivers
Flood, erosion,siltation, arsenic,transport accidents etc.
Fault lines andtrenches
Earthquake, landslides,soil erosion,
Funnel-shapedcoastline Cyclone, Storm/tidalsurge, tsunami. Localtornado / norwester
Hot and humidclimate
drought, hailstorm,heavy rain, malariaother vectors, pestinfestation.
Socio/economic factors
Vulnerability
High & densepopulation
Large number of casualties evenin localised events, limitedadaptive spatial options.
Massive &persistentpoverty
Living in risk prone areas,inability to absorb shocks
Low humanresourcecapacities
Lack risk knowledge, lackcredible risk reduction / adaptiveinnovations
Genderdisparity
Women who are more pronehave less control over reduction /adaptive resources
4-6% yearly
urbanisation
Unplanned overcrowded cities,
un-engineered structures,70% agri-dependent
Prone to hydrometeorologicalhazards, less control over assets
Gaps ingovernance &politics
Weak coordination,unpredictable investment onreduction / adaptation
DRAMATIC REDUCTION IN DEATH RATES, BUT MOUNTING ASSETSAND ECONOMIC LOSSES
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Natural disastersoccurrence
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
1909
1941
1943
1958
1961
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
19
93
1995
199
7
199
9
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
Cold wave
Drought
Extreme winter conditions
Flash Flood
General Flood
Heat wave
Landslide
Local storm
Storm surge/Coastal flood
Tropical Cyclone
Source: EmDAT
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Top 10 Natural Disasters in Bangladeshfor the period 1900 to 2013sorted by numbers of killed:
Disaster Date No Killed
Drought 1943 1,900,000
Epidemic 1918 393,000
Storm 12-Nov-1970 300,000
Storm 29-Apr-1991 138,866
Storm Oct-1942 61,000
Storm 11-May-1965 36,000
Flood Jul-1974 28,700
Storm 28-May-1963 22,000Storm 24-May-1985 15,000
Storm Jun-1965 12,047
Source: EM DAT
Natural disaster in Bangladesh
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Catastrophic Disaster Events in Bangladesh
Year Disaster Deaths Economic Loss (USD)
1970 Cyclone 300,0001988 Flood 2373 1.2 billion1988 Cyclone 57041989 Drought 8001991 Cyclone 138,8681996 Tornado 5451997 Cyclone 5501998 Flood 1050 2.3 billion
2004 Flood 747 2.3 billion2007 Flood 1071 1.1 billion
2007 Cyclone (Sidr) 3406 2.1 billion2009 Cyclone (Aila) 191
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Hazards and Risk Profile of Bangladesh
Total land area = 147,570 km2
Total Population = 142.3 Millions
Hazard Flood FlashFlood
Drough
t
Cyclone, tidal
surge, salinity
Earthquak
e
% % % % %
Vulnerable
land area
61 23 46 32 70%
Vulnerable
population
71 24 46 27 80%
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Disaster and Bangladesh
Flood
TropicalCyclone
Storm SurgeTornado
River Bank
ErosionDrought
Earthquake
Year Disaster Death1970 Cyclone 300,0001988 Flood 23731988 Cyclone 5704
1989 Drought 8001991 Cyclone 138,8681996 Tornado 5451997 Cyclone 550
1998 Flood 10502004 Flood 7472007 Flood 1071
2007 Cyclone(SIDR) 3363
Major DisastersMajor Hazards
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Cyclone SIDR hits 15th November2007
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Situations..
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How we response.
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Bay of Bengal: Historical Monthly Data on Average Precipitation and
Tropical Storms (April to December 1956 - 2006)Cyclone prone month : April to May & October to November
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CYCLONES AND STORM SURGES
Proportion of coastalsub-district affected bysevere cyclones
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Pre-requisites for development of cyclones
Warm Ocean temperature, A tropical Cyclone does notform if the sea temperature is less Than 27 celsius.
Presence of low pressure region.
Absence of strong vertical wind shear.
Presence of a certain value of coriolis force appears at thelatitude greater than 5 degrees Which gives the cycloneits rotational/spinning motion.
Cyclones in the Bay of Bengal mostly originate over the
South Bay and the Andaman Sea. The area of lowestpressure in a cyclone built-up is called the Eye of thecyclone. It is found well formed in the most severecyclones
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Classification of Cyclone
Category 1: 90-125 sqr/hr
Category 2: 125-164 sqr/hr
Category 3: 165-224 sqr/hr
Category 4: 225-279 sqr/hr Category 5: 280 above sqr/hr (exp. Sidr 2007)
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Cyclone signal system in Bnagladesh
Signal: 1 & 2 (Distance warning)
Signal:3 (local warning)
Signal: 4 ( Local alert)
Signal : 6 ( Danger )
Signal: 8,9 & 10 (Great Danger)
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1998 : FOOD, CLOTHING, HOUSE, ETC
1988 : FOOD, CLOTHING, C.I SHEET
R&R SUPPORT IN THE PAST
1972 - 2004
VGF, GR, FFW, CASH, ETC
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Similar Exposure but Different Impacts
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VICIOUS CYCLE OF
DISASTER AND POVERTY
POVERTY
RELIEF AND
REHABILITATION
DISASTER
VULNERABILITY
(RISK)
POVERTY LINE
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OPTIONS
1. RELOCATIONX
EMPOWERMENT OF THE
VULNERABLE PEOPLE
2. DISASTER PREVENTION
3. RISK REDUCTION
X
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RISK ?
RISK VULNERABILITY
X= HAZARD CAPACITY
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ow to rea vicious circ e
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COMPARISON OF RISKS
MAZU KHATUN :
RISK (V)X= (H)(C)
= 25
= 1SHRIN MEMBER :
RISK(V)
X= (H)(C)
VALUES : 1 5(LOWEST HIGHEST)
5 51
51
5
Wh f
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25
DISASTER
RISKVULNERABILITY
X=HAZARD CAPACITY
Why we go for
Disaster risk reduction ?
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HOW THE MONEY
IS SPENT ?
RELIEF AND REHABILITATION
INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT
ON DEVELOPMENT OF
CAPACITY OF POOR ?
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BASIC REQUIREMENT
COMPREHENSIVE DISASTER
MANAGEMNET APPROACH
CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT
PARTICIPATION OF VULNERABLE
PEOPLE IN PLANNING
COORDINATION BETWEEN SERVICE
PROVIDER & USER
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To Break Vicious circle of Disaster and Poverty
X
RISK REDUCTION
SUPPORT
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Progression of Household Well-being
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EVOLUTION OF DISASTER MANAGEMENTIN BANGLADESH
70s Response oriented disaster management:1970 Gorkey Cyclone, 300,000 people killed1972 Cyclone preparedness program established
80s90s Emerging DM approaches:1987 -88 huge flood, FAP formulated1991 cyclone, 138000 people killed, shifting from disasterresponse to preparedness
1993 constitution of Disaster Management Bureau1997 Drafting of standing order on disasters (SOD)1998 prolonged flood
2000 + Forward towards a comprehensive system including RiskReduction2000 Comprehensive Disaster Management program formulatedand launched in 20042005 Ministry of Food and Disaster Management renamed withnew DM vision2006 Revised AoB for MOFDM2010 Revised SOD, National Plan for Disaster ManagementDM Policy and ACT drafted
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Bangladesh DM History
Soon after 1991 cyclone which caused huge damage and loss, the country has realized that
the reactive response to disaster is no longer an option for Bangladesh
The country has adopted a paradigm shift from reactive response to comprehensive DM
approach that includes a number of strategies and mechanism/policy decision
DMB was created in 1993
SOD formulated in 1997 SOD recognized every bodies roles and responsibilities in DM
and those are spelt out in the document. SOD also created and institutional
CDMP was formulated in 2000 and launched in 2004
MoFDM has been created in 2005
Government also adopted a new DM vision
A Bangladesh DM model has been created/developed and adopted the model gave main
emphasis on disaster risk reduction
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Thanks a lot