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Bangkok Post 12 Jan 2015

Four Pillars:

1. Accountability: Govt and its officials accountable under the law

(Rejection > Misuse > Use > Submission)

2. Substantively Equitable : Laws are clear, publicized, stable and fair, protecting fundamental rights, including security of persons and property

3. Equitable Process: Process by which laws are enacted, administered and enforced is (1) Transparent (2) fair and (3) efficient

4. Access to Justice: competent, independent, ethical adjudicators.

WHAT IS THE RULE OF LAW?

Laws Commissions TrendCambodia 2009 & 2010 National Council agasint

Corruption and Anti Corruption Unit

Increasing enforcement trend, but no revolution

Indonesia 2001 Commission 2002 Current Prosecutions – new policy of “Mental Revolution” (Pres Widodo) to free gov’t from graft, corruption and bureaucracy

Lao PDR 2005, amended 2012 Committee, 2011 Strong new anti-corruption policy and strategy 2012-2020; political will to enforce unclear

Malaysia Penal Code Commission 2009 Continued focus, Targeted Improvement

Myanmar 2013 Implementing Regulations

Stronger Enforcement focus expected

Philippines 1960, 1989 Various Current high profile prosecutions

Singapore New Laws 2002 and 2013

Various Continued focus

Thailand 1999 Various Real Change??Vietnam 2012 No real change

Anti-Corruption Measures

**Note that most penal codes bribery is a crime

Effective on Publication in Gazette

Mandatory Public Notice and Comment

Policy Shift

Cambodia No, but published in due course

No, but formal PPD (PPF) Process Small None

Indonesia Yes (2011) Yes (2011 and 2014), publication and “hearings”

Stronger focus on ROL

Lao PDR Yes (2012 Law) Yes, publish on govt website, 60 days, Law and “hearings” (2012)

All old laws published by 1 Jan 2013 or no longer in effect

Myanmar No, published in due course

No, but practice is to publish drafts Stronger focus on ROL

Philippines Yes (1946/1987) Yes (1935/1987), law and regs Stronger focus on ROL

Singapore Yes Yes SameThailand Yes No: “norm” to publish at ministerial

level, public participation considered by Cabinet before approval

Stronger short term. Long term uncertain.

Vietnam Yes Yes, publish on Govt Website 60 days, “hearings” required (2009)

Nothing foreseen

Transparent in Law Making Process / ROL

Rule of Law; Corruption and CG

1. Ease of Doing Business 2010-2014 - Global

Singapore Thailand Vietnam Indonesia Cambodia Lao PDR Myanmar0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Country

Glo

bal R

ank

7

2010 2011 2012 20140.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

0.55

0.6

0.65

0.7

0.75

0.8

CambodiaIndonesiaMalaysiaMyanmarPhilippinesSingaporeThailandVietnam

2. Rule of Law Index Year on Year Comparison

3. Corruption Perception Index: Scores 2012-2014

9

4. ASEAN 2014 CG Scores by Country

ASEAN CG Scorecard (ASEAN Capital Market Forum – ACMF)

BUT IT WASN’T ALWAYS THIS WAY

10

1. Self Assessment: UN informs Member under review Self Assessment checklist Publication Voluntary

2. Peer Review: two reviewer countries, appointed by lots, Reviews provide experts to form team to review checklist ask questions,

etc

3. Country Review Report and Exec Summary: Country Report Produced – Published only if agreed by country under

review. If disagreement, discussed between reviewers Executive Summary Produced – published automatically

Thailand: Reviewed July 2013 to June 2014 (Nepal and Bahrain): No Exec Summary or Report published yet.

5. UNCAC: Review Mechanism

ASEAN, AEC, GMS and the ROL

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