Bangkok, 27 June, 2007 República de Bolivia Ministerio de Planificación del Desarrollo...

PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE CAMBIOS CLIMATICOS

Bangkok, 27 June, 2007

República de BoliviaMinisterio de Planificación del Desarrollo

Viceministerio de Planificación Territorial y Ambiental

National Programme on Climate Change

Mauricio Zaballa Romero

LESSONS LEARNED AND BEST LESSONS LEARNED AND BEST PRACTICES WITH ONDUCTING THE TNA PRACTICES WITH ONDUCTING THE TNA

OF BOLIVIAOF BOLIVIA


1. Background

Bolivia has signed the UNFCCC in 1992 and ratified it in 1994.

Due to the Article 4.5 of the UNFCCC, Bolivia started in 2002 its “Initial Technology Needs Assessments (TNA)”.

The TNA was submitted to the Secretariat of the UNFCCC in 2003.


2. TNA Assessment

TRANSFERENCE OF TECHNOLOGIES

Mitigation Adaptation

1) Diagnosis 2) Identify new technologies or measures for the TT


2. TNA Assessment To conduct the TNA the following issues

were considered as guidance points:i. GHGs inventories of 1990 to 2000.ii. The National Climate Change Strategy of Bolivia.iii. Energy and Industrial Sectoral diagnosis.

Regulation Framework Institutional situation Market and financial situation

The analysis was carry out for the following sectors:

i. Energy Sectorii. Industrial Sectoriii. Forestry Sector


2. TNA Assessment

The following barriers were identified as the principal barriers to not conduct a successfully transference of technologies:

i. Legal framework (incentives or barriers)ii. Economic and financial iii. Insufficient data information (decision makers and

regulators)iv. Not trained or poorly trained technical staff v. Limited research on new technologies due to the

absence of properly fundingvi. Socio cultural perceptions and behaviorvii. Environmental


2. TNA Assessment – Energy Sector

1. Edifications – Buildings a. Improvement of the cooking systems

Improvement of the cooking systems. Substitution or displacement of the of the combustible by

natural gas. Increment the number of gas pipeline connections

b. Illumination Use of fluorescents lamps.

c. Heating and water heating systems Use of natural gas power generation systems for heating

activities. Cogeneration systems to satisfy the heating and water

heating demand. Use of solar power generation.


2. TNA Assessment – Energy Sector

a. Energy Distribution Improvement of the industrial thermal process (Owen, heat

retrieving systems). Biomass power generation (Sugarcane, soybean production) Improvement of the power use and power distribution systems. Substitution or displacement of power generation systems based

on fuel to gas power generation systems. Training of the technical staff.

b. Illumination and other energy uses Use of efficient lamps for the public illumination system Use of solar power generation

c. Heating and water heating systems Use of natural gas for heating activities Construction or increment of gas pipeline net. Cogeneration systems to satisfy the heating and water heating

demand. Use of solar energy especially for water heating purposes.


2. TNA Assessment – Industrial Sector

a. Power generation and distribution Improve the administration and energy distribution

efficiency. Replace or improvement of power generation

engines and distribution devices. Improve the maintaining operation systems and its

engines or devices. Improve the combustion process. Heat retrieve from the combustion process. Improve the heat distribution systems, using a better

and isolated materials. Good maintenance of combustion engines and

distribution systems. Training of the technical staff.


2. TNA Assessment – Oil and Gas

a. Oil Power generation and distribution Operation improvement and increase the efficiency of the

refineries. New technologies. b. Natural Gas

Introduction of the good practices and new technologies to avoid the losses produced due to gas treatment and its transport.

Injection of the surplus of CO2. c. Power generation

Application of combined cycle generation systems. Use of power and cogeneration systems heat. Incentives for introduction of renewable energies

Modifications to the Legal Framework incentives. Improvement of the energy distribution system to avoid losses.

d. Renewable Energies Generation and cogeneration systems based on Biomass

especially for Rural industries (sugar, soybean). Use of the renewable energies for rural areas Solar, wind,

mini-hydro and hybrid power generation systems.


2. TNA Assessment – Industrial Sector

a. Cement Industries Improve or introduction of new combustion process

(Kiln, maintaining operation systems and its engines or devices).

b. Brewery Industries Improvement of the current CO2 retrieve system.

c. Sugar Industries Improve the combustion process.

d. Paint Industries Improvement of the mixing engines or system

devices. Isolation improvement of the deposits or tanks to

avoid the GHGs emission.


2. TNA Assessment – Forestry Sector

a. Forestry activities Define and Implement the Forestry Plan

Management. Application of the Forestry Management systems. Stop the irrational land habilitation for agricultural

purposes through the burning methods Implement the slash and cut techniques.

Avoid the deforestation through alternative extractive production hand collection of fruits and seeds (secondary products of the forest).

Efficiency improvement in the wood processing systems.

Integral wood use and its “waste” Use of sawdust for other purposes (wood pressed).

Use of the biomass for power generation purposes. Training activities


2. TNA AssessmentHow is possible to remove the

barriers?a. Legal framework incentives . b. Economic and financial Taxes, Funding.c. Insufficient data information Funding for thematic

research, Institutional workplans, EIAs, other regulations.

d. Improvement of the control and regulation systems. e. Capacity Building programs. f. Limited research on new technologies due to the

absence of properly funding.g. Socio cultural perceptions and behavior Generate a

public process to make the population aware about the benefits to have a cleaner industry.


3. Steps followed after the TNA.

What has Bolivian doing after the TNA?1) Legislation on the National and Sectoral levels

i. Conformation of Energy working group to work on the barriers removal for a better implementation of the CDM and to permit the fluent transference of technologies.

ii. The issue of TT was introduced in the new “National Plan of Development” of the current government. Especially in the Energy, Oil and Gas, Water, Environment and Education and Research sectors.


3. Steps followed after the TNA.

In 2005, with the financial support of Netherlands, the Five-year Plan of the National Programme on Climate Change begun its activities. This Five-year Plan created a Fund for projects which have a focus on Adaptation and Mitigation.

The Five-year Plan has been financing 32 projects on Climate Change in its first phase. In the second phase 28 projects will be funded.

SEGUNDA CONVOCATORIA PLAN QUINQUENAL - PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE CAMBIOS CLIMATICOS

APORTE PNCC CONTRAPARTE

CódigoDEPARTAMEN

TOSIGLA COMUNIDAD BENEFICIARIA

ASIGNACION PRESUPUESTARIA

Desembolsado (Bs)%

ejecuciónASIGNACION

PRESUPUESTARIADesembolsado (Bs)

MPQ/LP/02001 LA PAZ ACRA Quiavaya 1: Anilaya (15 Familias) 113,733.00 28,456.00

EPQ/TJ /02002 TARIJA ADS Entre Ríos y Cercado (100 propietarios individuales, 50 dirigentes comunales, 200 estudiantes universitarios y 25 guarda parques)

79,800.00 27,648.00

MPQ/LP/02003 LA PAZ ALISEI Caranavi 1 : Choro (20 Familias) 80,982.00 41,643.00

APQ/CB/02005 CBBA BIDA Puerto Villarroel, Comunidad Chasqui (100 familias)

218,129.00 86,160.00

APQ/SC/02008 SCRZ CIMAR-UAGRM 2 Comunidades Galilea y Nazareth (45 Familias)

180,530.00 84,381.00

APQ/OR/02011 ORURO E.L.D. Pazña (90 Familias) 222,363.00 200,895.00


Biodiesel achievement through the refining of the used cooking

oil PRINCIPALES RESULTADOS En base a los resultados de la caracterización fisicoquímicas de la materia prima , se diseño el reactor de esterificación y se determinó las condiciones técnicas del proceso de producción: tiempo de reacción (60min), concentración del catalizador (0.3-0.5 % p/v), temperatura (60-75ºC), relación molar Metanol/aceite >3:1.,

Reactor de 5 litros utilizado para la

obtención de biodiesel (A. Guarachi, 2006)

Separación del biodiesel - capa superior

de la glicerina - capa inferior (Ing. Daysy Torrico S.)

- Obtenido el biodiesel, se procedió a analizar el producto, tanto en el IIDEPROQ como en laboratorios de la Compañía Logística de Hidrocarburos Bolivia (CLHB) de Senkata. Los resultados muestran que el producto obtenido, cumple con normas nacionales e internacionales.

- Se efectuaron pruebas con motores a diesel en INFOCAL, cuyos resultados indican que el producto es apto para utilizarse como combustible en vehículos que funcionan con diesel.

Biodiesel inyectando a motor del vehículo

Humo de escape utilizando Biodiesel

- Se diseñó una planta piloto con capacidad de producción de 5000 litros de biodiesel /día. El análisis económico indica que el TIR del proyecto es 106 %, lo que demuestra la factibilidad económica del proyecto.

INSTITUCION FINANCIADORAS MONTO (Bs) PORCENTAJE

% AVANCE FISICO

Programa Nacional de Cambios Climáticos 140.794,36 79 Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo de Procesos Químicos (IIDEPROQ) - Universidad Mayor de San Andres (UMSA) 37.271,65 21

100%

Código: IPQ/ LP/ 01031

Nombre del Proyecto: ADECUACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA DE LA OBTENCIÓN DE BIODIESEL

Entidad Ejecutora: INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y DESARROLLO DE PROCESOS QUÍMICOS (IIDEPROQ) - UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR DE SAN ANDRES (UMSA) Localización: LA PAZ Duración Prov. Murillo; Municipio La Paz 15 meses OBJETIVO GENERAL Determinar en laboratorio, métodos de adecuación tecnológica de la obtención del biodiesel a partir de la disminución parcial del efecto contaminante del dióxido de azufre.

METODOLOGIA adecuar el proceso de obtención de biodiesel a partir de aceite de cocina agotado que a la fecha es vertido al río Choqueyapu. Previamente se caracterizó la materia prima con la determinación de propiedades organolépticas, Caracterización química (índice de acidez, saponificacion, de yodo y peróxido, identificación de aceites grasos: Miristco, palmítico, esteárico, oleico, linoléico) con cuyo resultado se seleccionó el proceso. La obtención de biodiesel tiene el siguiente protocolo esquematizado:


Alternatives to reduce the negative effects of CC on the Agriculture

production systems

Improvement of the agricultural production with:◦ Better use of the water resource ◦ Irrigation systems◦ Diversifying the agricultural production◦ Training to the peasants in biological production and

techniques against the soil erosion.


2007

Chacaltaya

Huayna Potosí

Chacaltaya glacier melting from 1940 to 2007

Fuente: IHH - IRD, 2007


1956

2006

Glacier backwards of Tuni – Condoriri


DETERMINACIÓN MOMENTO CRÍTICO

TUNI (Proyección SISAB Vs Oferta Cuenca)

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

En

Mill

on

es

MES

VO

LU

ME

N A

CU

MU

LA

DO

[M

3]

SISAB

Oferta Cuenca

Demanda

Demanda vs Oferta de Cuenca

Mapa Fuente: EPSASFuente: Ramirez & Olmos, 2006

2009

PROYECCIÓN

SistemaTuni-Condoriri

Milluni

El Alto La Paz


Vulnerability of geographic areas of Bolivia as identifiedby the Aridity Index under climate change conditions

400 0 400 800 Kilometers

Vulnerabilidad se la seguridad alimentariapor municipio

N

Riep nccdd.shp

Alto

Ba jo

Med io

Muy Alto

Muy Bajo

Niveles de vulnerabilidad

-80

-80

-78

-78

-76

-76

-74

-74

-72

-72

-70

-70

-68

-68

-66

-66

-22 -22

-20 -20

-18 -18

-16 -16

-14 -14

-12 -12

-10 -10

Vulnerability of geographic areas of Bolivia as identifiedby the Aridity Index under climate change conditions

400 0 400 800 Kilometers

Vulnerabilidad se la seguridad alimentariapor municipio

N

Riep nccdd.shp

Alto

Ba jo

Med io

Muy Alto

Muy Bajo

Niveles de vulnerabilidad

-80

-80

-78

-78

-76

-76

-74

-74

-72

-72

-70

-70

-68

-68

-66

-66

-22 -22

-20 -20

-18 -18

-16 -16

-14 -14

-12 -12

-10 -10


4. Conclusions

However the efforts until now implemented on Transference of Technologies for Adaptation and Mitigation……, the impacts are still bigger!!

Without a decisive financial and technical support Bolivia will not overcome the impacts of the global warming.


E-mail: [email protected] www.pncc.gov.bo

Calle Mercado Nº 1328, Edif. Mariscal Ballivián, Mezannine

Tel: 591-2-2200206Fax: 591-2-2204037

La Paz - Bolivia

Thanks for your attention !!!

Bangkok, 27 June, 2007 República de Bolivia Ministerio de Planificación del Desarrollo...

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