Woodwind Instrument Maintenance By Keren & Michael Barr North Georgia Band Instrument Service.
Band Instrument "Quick Fix" Repair Solutions
-
Upload
joel-sibick -
Category
Documents
-
view
590 -
download
6
description
Transcript of Band Instrument "Quick Fix" Repair Solutions
Band Instrument “Quick Fix” Repair Solutions
Gregory Biba
Written by a Band Director for Band Directors
Band Instrument “Quick Fix” Repair Solutions
Save time and money and end frustration with these quick fixes!
The next time you encounter a stuck trumpet mouthpiece, trombone hand slide trouble, or a fuzzy-sounding clarinet, skip the long drive to the repair shop and the associated service fees— and consult Band Instrument “Quick Fix” Repair Solutions instead. In an easy-to-follow, intuitively organized format, this manual provides essential repair techniques and instrument maintenance suggestions. Many repairs are so easy that you and even your students can perform them with basic knowledge and instruction. The condensed and simplified instructions in the manual guide you through each repair step-by-step. The instructions are supplemented by 60+ photos and illustrations and organized in a convenient spiral-bound flip-book format. Each instrument discussed in the guide is thoroughly labeled in the appendix. Written by a K–12 band director with many years of emergency instrument repair experience, this is a must-have reference. Gregory Biba is Director of Bands in the Waupaca (Wisconsin) Public Schools.
Written by a Band Director for Band Directors
Gregory Biba
ISBN-10: 1-57999-597-7 ISBN-13: 1-978-57999-597-3
G-6901 $price
GIA Publications, Inc.www.giamusic.com
Band Instrument “Quick Fix” Repair Solutions
G-6901QuickFixLayout.ver 103 9/18/06 3:50 PM Page i
BBaanndd IInnssttrruummeenntt ““QQuuiicckk FFiixx”” RReeppaaiirr SSoolluuttiioonnss
Written by a Band Director for Band Directors
Gregory Biba
GIA Publications, Inc.Chicago
G-6901QuickFixLayout.ver 103 9/18/06 3:51 PM Page iii
Band Instrument “Quick Fix” Repair Solutions: Written by a Band Director for Band DirectorsGregory Biba
Cover, layout, and design: Joel A. Sibick
GIA Publications, Inc.7404 S. Mason Ave., Chicago 60638Copyright © 2006 GIA Publications, Inc.All rights reserved.Printed in the United States of America
G-6901ISBN-10: 1-57999-597-7ISBN-13: 1-978-57999-597-3www.giamusic.com
G-6901QuickFixLayout.ver 103 9/18/06 3:51 PM Page iv
UUNNIITT 11:: BBRRAASSSS IINNSSTTRRUUMMEENNTTSSCChhaapptteerr 11:: GGeenneerraall CCaarree
Minimum Essential Tools and Accessories for the Repair and Maintenance of Brass Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Stuck Mouthpiece. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Cleaning the Mouthpiece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Straightening the Mouthpiece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Stuck Tuning Slides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Water Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Valentino Water Key. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Amado Water Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
CChhaapptteerr 22:: PPiissttoonn VVaallvvee IInnssttrruummeennttssTTrruummppeett//CCoorrnneett,,EEuupphhoonniiuumm//BBaarriittoonnee,,TTuubbaa
Cleaning and Lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Cleaning the Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Oiling the Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Valve Caps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25The Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Placement of the Valve Guides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Valve Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Valve Buttons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Valve Adjustment Corks and Felts. . . . . . . . . . . . 29Valve Springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Water-Key Springs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Additional Troubleshooting Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
CChhaapptteerr 33:: SSlliiddee IInnssttrruummeenntt TTrroommbboonnee
Cleaning and Lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Hand Slide Trouble. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Smashed Crook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
CChhaapptteerr 44:: RRoottaarryy VVaallvvee IInnssttrruummeennttFFrreenncchh HHoorrnn
Broken Valve String/Oiling the Valves (Temporary) . . . 39Lever Arms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Valve Restringing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Additional Troubleshooting Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
UUNNIITT 22:: WWOOOODDWWIINNDD IINNSSTTRRUUMMEENNTTSSCChhaapptteerr 55:: GGeenneerraall CCaarree
Minimum Tools and Accessories for the Repair andMaintenance of Woodwind Instruments. . . . . . . . . . 48
Cleaning the Pads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Cleaning the Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Repairs and Maintenance on the Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Cracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Loose Tenon Rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Tenon Recorking – Emergency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
ContentsIIlllluussttrraattiioonnss .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. iixxFFoorreewwoorrdd .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. xxii ii ii
vii
G-6901QuickFixLayout.ver 103 9/18/06 3:51 PM Page vii
The purpose of this book is to introduce both teachers and students to basic maintenance and minorrepair techniques associated with the most common problems of different band instruments. Findingthe quick fix solution to any repair will save valuable rehearsal or lesson time and could potentially saveparents money on repairs, as well as allowing the band director to use budget money on only necessaryrepairs.
Repairs typically sent to a repair shop are often simple and could instead be handled easily by theband director or a student.
Sometimes repair and maintenance manuals are too technical and complicated. More condensed, simplified instructions will help lead directors or students through repairs in a step-by-stepprocess. Remember, any time you attempt a repair, to make sure the instrument’s condition will beimproved, not worsened.
When directors show students how to handle their own minor or emergency repairs, it will enablethe young musicians to learn how to care for their own instruments.
The recommended repair tools can be obtained from any qualified repair technician; a basic kit isavailable from GIA Publications.
—Greg Biba
Foreword
xiii
G-6901QuickFixLayout.ver 103 9/18/06 3:51 PM Page xiii
1
UNIT 1BRASS INSTRUMENTS
G-6901QuickFixLayout.ver 103 9/18/06 3:51 PM Page 1
3
To keep brass instruments out of the repair shop, students need to be reminded that cleaning certain partsof the instrument on a regular basis is essential. Damaging moisture comes in the form of condensationcreated when warm air meets cold brass. Saliva comes in much smaller amounts. The metal becomes corroded from the resulting oxidation reaction. The lead-pipe is a common area where small pink spotsappear outside the tubing. These red spots, called red rot, develop from the process of the copper andnickel in the brass separating through corrosion. Always remind students to remove the mouthpiece fromthe instrument when it is not being played. Also encourage students to clean both the mouthpiece andlead-pipe with lukewarm water and a mild liquid soap (Dawn, ERA, etc.). Each student should have aschedule of cleaning and oiling valves, slides, springs, and mouthpiece.
Chapter 1General Care
BrassGeneral
Care
G-6901QuickFixLayout.ver 103 9/18/06 3:51 PM Page 3
PPiissttoonn VVaallvvee IInnssttrruummeennttss::TTrruummppeett//CCoorrnneett,,
EEuupphhoonniiuumm//BBaarriittoonnee,, TTuubbaa
TToooollssValve brushAAcccceessssoorriieessValve oil
Three sets of bottom valve springs (one for each: trumpet, cornet, euphonium/baritone,tuba)
Assorted valve stem felts for the above instruments
Valentino water key corks for the above instruments
Trumpet mouthpiece JamStopper (G & D Enterprises)
Toothpaste
SSlliiddee IInnssttrruummeenntt::TTrroommbboonnee
TToooollssTrombone snake or brush
AAcccceessssoorriieessSlide oilValentino water key corksTrombone Slide Bow
Protector (DEG Music)—prevents crook from getting smashed
RRoottaarryy VVaallvvee IInnssttrruummeenntt::FFrreenncchh HHoorrnn
TToooollssScrewdriver with thin-tipped
blade
AAcccceessssoorriieessRotary valve oilSeveral feet of braided,
30-pound test fishing line
5
Minimum Essential Tools and Accessories for the Repair and Maintenance of
Brass Instruments
BrassGeneral
Care
G-6901QuickFixLayout.ver 103 9/18/06 3:51 PM Page 5
PPrroocceedduurree::
1. Make sure to support the braces and tubing as you grasp the instrument securely under one arm.2. With one hand, pull on the mouthpiece and twist; with the other hand, tap the mouthpiece
receiver with a rawhide mallet. Grinding one end of a rawhide mallet to a “V” helps you to more accurately hit the right point for freeing mouthpieces. (See Figure 1.1, Figure 1.2, and Figure 1.3.)
7
Stuck Mouthpiece
FFiigguurree 11..11.. RReemmoovviinngg SSttuucckk
MMoouutthhppiieeccee bbyy TTaappppiinngg oonn RReecceeiivveerr
((TTrruummppeett))
FFiigguurree 11..22.. RReemmoovviinngg SSttuucckk
MMoouutthhppiieeccee bbyy TTaappppiinngg oonn RReecceeiivveerr
((FFrreenncchh HHoorrnn))
FFiigguurree 11..33.. RReemmoovviinngg SSttuucckk
MMoouutthhppiieeccee bbyy TTaappppiinngg oonn RReecceeiivveerr
((TTrroommbboonnee))
WWoorrddss ooff wwiissddoomm:: When working with the trombone—1. Be certain to lock the slide.2. Strike on the mouthpiece receiver, NOT the cork barrel.
BrassGeneral
Care
G-6901QuickFixLayout.ver 103 9/18/06 3:51 PM Page 7
33
6. Remember that half of the large breatherhole is exposed (Figure 2.5).
7. Tighten the valve stem (if needed).8. Put valve cap back on over the valve stem
and screw on the finger buton.9. Reoil the valve if needed.
10. Click the valve back in place.
Additional Troubleshooting OptionsPistonValveInst
FFiigguurree 22..55.. TToopp ooff VVaallvvee BBrreeaatthheerr HHoollee IIss EExxppoosseedd
((EEuupphhoonniiuumm))
G-6901QuickFixLayout.ver 103 9/18/06 3:52 PM Page 33
When there is a broken valve string, which is a very common problem, it is often because a valve is stuck and the musicianforcibly depresses the valve key.
Oiling the valves should be done at least every few weeks. This canbe done by removing the valve cap and oiling the exposed shaft asit is rotated (Figure 4.1).
39
Chapter 4Rotary Valve Instrument
French HornBroken Valve String/Oiling the Valves (Temporary)
Rotary ValveInst
French Horn
FFiigguurree 44..11.. OOiilliinngg EExxppoosseedd SShhaafftt
((FFrreenncchh HHoorrnn))
G-6901QuickFixLayout.ver 103 9/18/06 3:52 PM Page 39
To oil the top bearing, the following procedureshould be used:
PPrroocceedduurree::
1. Loosen the stop arm head screw aboutthree turns.
2. Lift the stop arm head enough so the oilcan run in on top of the bearing surface(Figure 4.2).
40
Oiling the Valves (Temporary)
FFiigguurree 44..22.. OOiilliinngg TToopp BBeeaarriinngg ((FFrreenncchh HHoorrnn))
G-6901QuickFixLayout.ver 103 9/18/06 3:52 PM Page 40
Valve action can be greatly improved if thelevers are as close to the stop arm as possible(Figure 4.3). (Being parallel to the rotor shaft isvery important.)
Lever A is in the correct position for effectivestringing. Reminder: never adjust the height ofthe three keys by bending the key paddles.
41
Rotary ValveInst
French Horn
Lever Arms
FFiigguurree 44..33.. LLeevveerr AArrmm PPoossiittiioonniinngg ((FFrreenncchh HHoorrnn))
G-6901QuickFixLayout.ver 103 9/18/06 3:52 PM Page 41
The string used should be woven rayon or nylonand of 30–50-pound test fishing line. Tie thestring as shown, with the string wrapping underitself to lock it under the screws (Figure 4.4).
When stringing, tighten the stop arm screw lightly to hold the lever while you finish stringing.
PPrroocceedduurree::
1. Loosen both the stop arm screw and the key lever screw and remove the brokenstring.
2. Cut a piece of string to seven or eight inches.3. Tie a double knot in one end.
42
Valve Restringing
double knot
key extensionlever
loop string clockwise around key lever screw
feed string throughkey extension lever hole
continue circling the stop arm head
1
6
5
4
stop arm head
valve adjustmentcork 2
stop arm screw3
2
FFiigguurree 44..44.. PPrrooppeerr RReessttrriinnggiinngg ((FFrreenncchh HHoorrnn))
G-6901QuickFixLayout.ver 103 9/18/06 3:52 PM Page 42
UNIT 2WOODWIND INSTRUMENTS
G-6901QuickFixLayout.ver 103 9/18/06 3:52 PM Page 45
One of the most important reminders for any woodwind player is to get rid of as much excess moisturefrom the instrument as possible.
Moisture appears in the form of condensation from the breath and saliva in the mouth. When water isabsorbed into a wooden instrument, the body swells and shrinks unevenly because the inside dries out moreslowly than the outside. One of the reasons wood cracks is because the natural oils evaporate around thetone holes and in the bore. Sudden temperature changes also put stress on the wood.
If wood becomes too dry, it will pull away from the metal key posts, causing them to become loose.If one of these posts is supporting a needle spring, the tension from the spring can cause the post to turn,thus binding the keys. (Tenon rings can also become loose when wood dries out and retracts.) Some otherreasons students should always swab out all sections of the instrument and avoid any exposure to sudden temperature changes are to keep the bore of the instrument clean and to draw moisture away from the pads, which extends the life of the pad and prevents residue buildup. Also, whentone holes change shape, joints shrink and don’t fit, steel rods rust, and keys become bound.
47
Chapter 5General Care
WoodwindGeneral
Care
G-6901QuickFixLayout.ver 103 9/18/06 3:52 PM Page 47
Left-Hand Lever KeysLocated on the lower joint on the left-hand side are two long lever keys, which play the middle of thestaff B-natural and C-sharp as well as below the staff low E and F-sharp (Figure 6.8).
If the action is noisy, it is probably due to the fact that the fish skin, at the point at which the ends ofthe two long lever keys and the ends of the horizontal key arms join, is lost or has worn out (Figure 6.9).
63
Common Adjustment Problems
WoodwindClarinet
FFiigguurree 66..99.. EElliimmiinnaattiinngg NNooiissyy AAccttiioonn wwiitthh
FFiisshh SSkkiinn PPaadd,, PPllaassttiicc TTrraasshh BBaagg,, PPllaassttiicc
FFoooodd WWrraapp,, oorr TTeefflloonn TTaappee ((CCllaarriinneett))
FFiigguurree 66..88.. LLeefftt--HHaanndd LLeevveerr KKeeyyss LLooccaatteedd
oonn LLoowweerr JJooiinntt ((CCllaarriinneett))
G-6901QuickFixLayout.ver 103 9/18/06 3:53 PM Page 63
Testing and Adjusting for Leaks
Oboes are very touchy. A certified repair technician should service an oboe if you are not
completely comfortable making necessary adjustments.
PPrroocceedduurree::
1. Press down R1 with the thumb.l With the index finger of your right hand, press L2. Notice that L-a is lowered with this action.l Insert the feeler gauge under L-a, press L2, and withdraw the gauge, hopefully with an even
drag. If the drag is uneven, the key (L-a) is not seating. Locate the small adjustment screwthat controls this key, and turn it about one-quarter (clockwise) turn.
l With the feeler gauge, check to see if key L2 is seating. If not, the adjustment screw for L-a has been turned too far and should be backed off slightly.
l Continue checking until both keys are seating.
Chapter 7Oboe
Repairs and Maintenance
71
WoodwindOboe
G-6901QuickFixLayout.ver 103 9/18/06 3:53 PM Page 71
Octave MechanismIf the instrument fails to sound any notes in the lowregister and only those in the high register, theoctave mechanism needs adjusting.
To check the adjustment, play A and G above thestaff. When G is played, the octave key on the neckshould be down (closed). When A is played, theoctave key should be up (open).
When the octave ring is bent, the octave key onthe neckpiece will be held open all the time. Toensure that the octave key will operate correctly,bend the ring back in place while holding the padcup down (Figure 8.1).
Hold the pad cup down while pushing the octavering in slightly.
79
Common Adjustment Problems
WoodwindSaxophone
FFiigguurree 88..11.. NNeecckk:: OOccttaavvee MMeecchhaanniissmm AAddjjuussttmmeenntt
((SSaaxxoopphhoonnee))
G-6901QuickFixLayout.ver 103 9/18/06 3:53 PM Page 79
PPrroobblleemm:: AArrmmssttrroonngg//kkeeyy bbeellooww AA--ffllaatt kkeeyy iiss ssttuucckk
SSoolluuttiioonn:: Long rods run the length of the body.As you follow the long rods to thebottom end of the body, notice thatthe longest rod that is closest to thefoot joint (E-flat key) has a smallscrew in the end (Figure 9.1). Thisscrew is in the end of the longest rod,nearest to the E-flat key of the footjoint, and it is too tight and bindingwithin the rod. Thus, loosen thescrew very slightly until the A-flatkey pad is loose enough to move freely.
103
WoodwindFlute
FFiigguurree 99..11.. KKeeyy BBeellooww AA--ffllaatt KKeeyy IIss SSttuucckk ((FFlluuttee))
LLoooosseenn tthhee ssccrreeww iinn tthhee eenndd ooff tthhee
lloonnggeesstt rroodd aanndd cclloosseesstt ttoo tthhee
ffoooott jjooiinntt EE--ffllaatt kkeeyy
G-6901QuickFixLayout.ver 103 9/18/06 3:54 PM Page 103
APPENDIX
G-6901QuickFixLayout.ver 103 9/18/06 3:54 PM Page 107
115
side C pad
side B< pad
A< pad
side B< key
side C key
side F# keyside E</B< key
third-ring padB/F# pad
F#/C# keyE/B key
F/C pad
E/B pad
second-ring pad
first-ring pad
F/C lever
E/B lever
F#/C# leverC#/G# key
E</B< trill keythird ring
B/F# key
A</E< key
A</B< pad
F/C key
F#/C# pad
second ring
first ring
A< key
A key
A pad
Clarinet
thumb ring
connection
side F# pad
side E</B< pad
C#/B# pad
E</B< trill pad
register key
G-6901QuickFixLayout.ver 103 9/18/06 3:54 PM Page 115
116
side B< pad
connection
side B< keyside F# keyside E</B< key
B/F# pad (not shown)E</B< trill pad (not shown)
F#/C# key
E/B key
bell E< keyF/C padE/B pad
side C key side C pad
C#/G# key
A pad
bell E< pad (not shown)F#/C# pad (not shown)A</E< pad (not shown)
F/C keyA</E< key
G/D keyB/F# key
B</F pad/keyA/E pad/key
B/F# “third-ring” pad
C#/G# pad
C/G pad
F#/C# lever
F/C leverD/A “second-ring” helper pad
E</B< trill key
D/A “second-ring” pad/key
E/B “first-ring” pad/keyA< keyA key
E/B “first-ring” helper pad
A< pad
E/B lever
Bass Clarinet
register pad (lower)
thumb pad/key
side E</B< padside F# pad
G/D pad (not shown)
register key
G-6901QuickFixLayout.ver 103 9/18/06 3:55 PM Page 116
118
altissimo F# pad
body octave padhigh E pad
B helper pad
alternative altissimo key
B pad/key
Bis keyA key
G key
B< key
A padG pad
G# padconnection
high E key
side C keyaltissimo F# key
E pad/keychromatic F# key
D pad/keyE< key
bell C key
bell C pad
E< pad
bell C# pad
bell B padbell B< pad
F helper padbell B< key
bell B key
bell C# key
G# keyF palm key
D palm key
E< palm key
palm D pad (not shown)
palm E< pad (not shown)
palm F pad
neck octave pad
Saxophone
octave key side B< key
F pad/key
G-6901QuickFixLayout.ver 103 9/18/06 3:55 PM Page 118