Banana Production Technology-eswar
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Transcript of Banana Production Technology-eswar
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Botanical name: Musa spp.Family: MusaceaeOrigin: Tropical regions of South East Asia
(Assam, Burma, Indo-china region)Banana is a one of the oldest fruits known to
mankind. Its antiquity can be traced back to
garden of paradise where eve was said tohave used its leaves to cover her modesty. Itmay be one of the reasons why banana iscalled Apple of paradise and botanicallynamed as Musa paradisiaca.
Banana plants refer to biblical legend asTree of wisdom for good and evil in the
garden of Eden.
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The word Muza was derived from the Arabic
term Muza , which probably came from a
Sanskrit, word Moka and got its place in Koran
as the Tree of paradise similar to that of tree
of wisdom in Bible.
IMPORTANCE:
Starch is manufactured from pseudostem.
Many products are made from banana such as
banana chips, fig, soft drinks, flour and jam.
The sheaths and leaves are used for making
crude ropes.
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Banana chips BANANA JAM
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Banana soft drinks
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In south India, the leaf of banana is used as a
plate for serving meals.
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The end of the inflorescence, technically known
as pendant is cooked as a vegetable.
BANANA PENDANT
BLOSSOM
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VARIETIES OF BANANA:
o TABLE VARIETY:
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Robusta banana Grand nine banana
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Culinary varieties: Monthan. The other varieties
are Yenugu bontha and boodidha bontha.
Monthan
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HILL BANANAS: Virupakhi (syn : Sirumalai and Mala
Vazhai)
CLIMATE:
o Banana is strictly a tropical crop.
o It grows luxuriantly in the warm, humid and rainy
climates of tropical regions of the equator.o It grows well in regions with a temperature range of 10
to 40 degree celsius and an average of 23 degree
celsius.
o Low temperature i.e. less than 10 degrees celscius is
unsuitable since, they lead to a condition called
CHOKE or IMPEDED INFLORESCENCE.
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o Banana grows well under high rain fall areas.
o On an average on 100mm rainfall per month
appears to be satisfactory for growth of banana.
o Stagnation of water is injurious and may cause
diseases like panama wilt.
o Banana comes up well up to an altitude of1,500 mm above sea level in the tropics.
o The hill bananas in Tamil Nadu are raised
between elevations of 500 to 1500 m mostly
under rain fed conditions.
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PANAMA WILT DISEASE CAUSED IN BANANA
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SOIL
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SOIL:
Banana is very voracious feeder and requireswell drained soil with plentiful organicmatter.
Even though banana requires high heavy
irrigation hence, it cannot withstand waterstagnation.It grows successfully, in loamy soils and well
drained clay soils of delta areas.Saline soils with salinity percentage
exceeding 0.05 are unsuitable.Banana can grow well even under slightly
alkaline soils.
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PROPAGATION:
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PROPAGATION:
Banana is propagated vegetatively throughsucker and rhizomes.
SUCKERS: There are two types of suckers.
WARWE SUCKER: Have broad leaves andpseudostem and they donot produce a healthy
banana clump and hence not suitable forplanting.
SWORD SUCKER: It has a strong large base,gradually tapering to a slender point with 1 or 2narrow sword leaves at the tip.
The sword sucker is the most vigorous, growsfast and comes in to bearing early.
Sword suckers are preferred for planting.
RHIZOME Aft h t b f it
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RHIZOME: After harvest, a number of its
suckers are encouraged to grow upto 1-2 feet.
They are then dug out and their pseudostems
are completely cut above t he solid rhizome and
roots removed.
The rhizomes weighing about 450-900 grams
are stored for two months in a dry place under
shade.
During storing the bottom remains cut off
leaving the heart bud prominent at the top ofthe rhizome.
The conical rhizomes, which have a sound
heart, will be selected for planting.
SWORD SUCKER WATER SUCKER
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SWORD SUCKER WATER SUCKER
Rhi diff ti ti di ith TDZ
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Rhizome differentiation on medium with TDZ
and CA of cymbidium
SELECTION OF A SUCKER:
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SELECTION OF A SUCKER:
o Select only 3-4 months old suckers fromhealthy vigorously growing and good yieldingplants.
o The sword suckers should have 4-5diameter at the base and 2-3 kg weight.
SELECTION OF HEALTHY SUCKERS
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SELECTION OF HEALTHY SUCKERS
PREPARATION OF THE SUCKER:
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PREPARATION OF THE SUCKER:
The selected suckers should be separated from, its
mother plant along with a portion of a rhizome. Later, the stem of the suckers should be beheaded
at 20-30 cm height in a slanting manner.
This helps in producing new leaves quickly,- It prevents the stagnation of
water in the sucker.
The old roots should be removed and then dipped in0.1% cereson @ 1.g per liter of water for fiveminutes before planting.
GROWING OF BANANA PLANTLETS
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GROWING OF BANANA PLANTLETS
Land preparation:
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Land preparation:
o The land should be deeply ploughed, harrowedand leveled and pits of 45cmx45cmx45cm
should be dug at the required spacing.o The pits should be exposed for weathering for
about a week to control the presence of any
grubs, ants, weevils, etc.o The soil from the pits should be mixed with thefollowing thoroughly:
5-10 kg of FYM
0.5 kg of castor or neem cake
2 kg of wood ash or 50 g of muriate of potash
200 g of super phosphate.
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WOOD ASH
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WOOD ASH
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PLANTING:
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PLANTING:
The period of planting should be such that theactive growth phase of the plant may continue
un-hampered during the flower bud initiationstage or stage at which embryonic bunch isformed inside the pseudostem.
This generally, occurs between 4 and 5 monthsafter planting.
This stage determines the number ofhands/fingers in future bunch after planting.
In general, the beginning of monsoon i.e., Juneis the best time for planting banana in mostparts as the rapid growth occurs during first 4
months of monsoon.
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The correct way of planting the
banana suckers
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TRASHING: It is the removal of undesirable
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TRASHING: It is the removal of undesirable
materials from the banana field like dried,
diseased and decayed leaves, pseudo stem
after harvest, male bud, last end ofinflorescence and withered floral parts.
MATTOCKING: After harvest of the bunch, the
plants stem should be cut in stages at leastafter 30-45 days to facilitate mobilization of the
nutrients from the mother to the developing
ratoon plant.The pseudo stem should be cut leaving a stump
of about 0.6 m height.
WRAPPING OF BUNCHES: It is covering of
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WRAPPING OF BUNCHES: It is covering of
bunches with polythene or gunny cloth that
protects the fruits from intense heat, hot wind
etc and improves the colour of the fruits.
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TIPPING: It is the removal of the heart or male
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TIPPING: It is the removal of the heart or malebud.
The large heart shaped flower bud, contains
infertile male flowers in reddish scale leaves.This heart flower bud persists even after thefertile flowers have developed and formed intoa bunch.
It should be cut soon after the bunch is formed,other wise it is likely to use up some of the food,which would otherwise go to the development
of fruits.It is practiced for improving the appearance of
the bunch as well as to ward off fingertipdisease.
REMOVAL OF FLORAL REMNANTS:
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REMOVAL OF FLORAL REMNANTS:
The removal of dried and persistent floral
remnants present at the apex of the fruit or
finger helps in preventing the spread of fungal
diseases.
PROPPING: It is the method by which support
is given to banana bearing plants with the helpof bamboo, casuarinas or eucalyptus poles,
protecting them from bending or falling down
due to heavy bunch load and from heavydamages by wind.
PROPPING
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PROPPING
EARTHING UP:
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EARTHING UP:
It should be done during the rainy seasons to
provide drainage and to avoid water logging at
the base.
It is to be done once in 2 or 3 months to
prevent soil erosion from the basins and to
avoid direct contact of water with the pseudostem
Due to earthing up there are fair chances of
formation of good root system
EARTHING UP
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EARTHING UP
WEEDING: In the first four months after
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WEEDING: In the first four months after
planting, it is necessary to remove weeds.
The stirring of the soil by the spade after every
6 or 7 irrigations is necessary to maintain its
tilth and absorptive power.
BANANA INTERCROP CULTIVATION
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BANANA INTERCROP CULTIVATION
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DWARF BANANA PLANTS
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DWARF BANANA PLANTS
SUPER DWARF CAVENDISH VARIETY
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SUPER DWARF CAVENDISH VARIETY
TIME TAKEN BY THE DIFFERENT VARIETIES
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FOR HARVESTING
VARIETY PICTURE MONTHS
Robusta 12
Poovan 13
Dwarf
Cavendish 11
INDICATIONS OF MATURITY FOR
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HARVESTING ARE:
The fruits are harvested when top leaves start
drying.
Tendency of floral ends of the fruits to shed
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y
with slightest touch of the hand.
Fruits should be plump and their angles should
be rounded off.
Change in colour of the fruit from deep green to
light green.
YIELD:
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The yield of banana varies with:
o Variety
o agro-climatic conditions
o Management practices adopted for production
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STRAWBERRY-BANANA
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