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105Military review Mch-ap 2009

Alex Ryan is an assistant professor at

the School of Advanced Military Stud-

ies at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. He

has a Ph.D. in complex systems f rom

the University of Adelaide, Australia.

Previously, he was the Australian

National Lead, TTCP Action Group

on Complex Adaptive Systems forDefence, at the Defence Science and

Technology Organsiation.

Colonel Stefan J. Banach, U.S.

Army, is director of the School of

Advanced Military Studies (SAMS)

at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. He is

a graduate of the University of Iowa

and the Advanced Operational Arts

Studies Fellowship at SAMS.

_____________

PAINTING: Takeda Shingen (left)

versus Uesugi Kenshin (right) at the

battle of Kawanakajima, Nagano,

Japan, 1561 C.E. Shingen was one

of Japans greatest operational artists.

He used Sun Tzus The Art of Warto

train his commanders in a holistic

appreciation of operations, and his

great standard displayed calligraphy

for Wind, Forest, Fire, and Mountain,

from Sun Tzu. It referred to the Takeda

motto taken from The Art of War:Swift

as the wind, silent as a forest, terrible

as fre, and immovable as a mountain.

The words embodied Shingens poli-

cies and philosophy.

Colonel Stefan J. Banach, U.S. Army, and Alex Ryan, Ph.D.

It is well known that when you do anything, unless you understand

its actual circumstances, its nature and its relations to other things,

you will not know the laws governing it, or know how to do it, or be

able to do it well.Mo ts tung1

The purpose of this article db mdgy

dgn n w my dgn d nd w

y d wn y nnd w mx n. tdn n n vvng ng

g, nnvn, nd vy, nd d n b kn

v mng. r, nn dmn n b

vd n dgn gdn nnng

. t nv db w dgn nm nnng nd n. i

n nd q y ndd xn dgn nd

vd b vvw n dvng mnv

n mx n.

am innn tngy edn an dn

dgn n v dn-mkng d n by w

nvd n d ym m mn nd ndwn v bm.

adng dnn, dgn v, mnng d n w

n qn, nd d n mn j b n bn

dvd. B dgn n b d d ym, n j d-

, nd b m mn nd nd wn, dgn

b xmy gn nd bq n n. t dnn m

dgn d n vng bm, nd q nvnn, n

j ndndng. W n db w wd , dgn

gg w mg b.2 i w dgn n vy

my n wnv v bm, w

y dgn wy mnn n.a n n vy, dgn q b x-

n nd . My n n ny m g

mnng, ng, nd xn nng mmb mmny

, n ddn dm dvmn d

g . t s advnd My sd

(saMs) bn ng n xn nng nvnmn

dgn. o dng by dgn

dbd n mnn , edng by Dgn, n . in

ddn dyng my y, y, nd dn, saMs dn


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106 Mch-ap 2009 Military review

n g g- x nd nv

v; v dgn y m-

n; n dv

vw; nd nb d by mng

mng my n ny

dn. a saMs, w bv

dgn wy nkng m n y,

, d.

evn g dgn my n

nmd by dgn n,

n n nq n

nnd n xm n nvn-

mn. in n nx d nn

dvy ny n dgn. cmb

n m n n

nd n, w cwz nd mk vn

m ng n w d.3 a y

dgn d my n, dym n dgn, bn dvd

wn gy vb dn by d i

Bgd Gn smn Nv.4 a n

n My rvw by d u.s. amy Bgd

Gn hb W d czg xn vn

dgn u.s. amy.5 sn 2005, saMs

bn y nvvd w vng

n

dgn. sym n dgn vd n

mn ndn my dgn, vn

m mmb mmny vggd my mny n wn

d w -wd bm n.

tg ng nd xng dgn, saMs

nkd nmb bd w -

, w vdd ng n

m b -

n dgn my

n. on b

u. s. amy dy wdy

d nd w dmnd

md nnng mxn. f dgn b

n my dmn, m m-

mn nd n w xng

nnng dn. t mn

n bwn dgn nd n-

nng nd b y d.

t mnn , edng

by Dgn, db dgn-

n n n d, ndng

d m nnng dv. an

b mdgy dgn n

bn dbd n ny d. W d czg gy

d n m wy n-

ng dgn.6 B y dgn by

bd nn gdn n.

W ndd bwn gd n

nq nd b wdm -

y. p cknd n w nq

y w nd y y w,

mdgy w nn mn b w

nd w.7

Employing Design ThinkingDgn, nnng, nd xn nd-

ndn nd nn v d n

fg 1. Dgn n w nnng n n

b wy. f, n d nnng. tmmnd my ngg n

nnng dgn bn dv-

d. in , dgn vd gdn

bgn nnng. snd, dgn nd nnng my

m m. Dgn nd nnng n

n g dn nnng

w dgn nmng nnng. td, nd

dgn my mg w xng ngng

n. in , mmnd dmn

nd dgn wn mxy

n dmnd . in , dgn nd b mng nxb

n n nvnmn q nw

n nd vd qmn .

Dgn dd n fg 1 y,

EXECUTEConcrete

Conceptual

Planning Directive Learning

Operations Order Learning

PLAN

DESIGN

Figure 1. A layered architecture for design.


3/11


A R T O F D E S I G N

b yd wy

v dn v

bn. ly vd ng, mn-

ng nn d n nd knw d

w dgn dng, ng y g

n dgn-n n. t n

nnng dv mmn dgn

nn, w dbk m nn

dgn m. Dgn d n nd wn

nnng dv d, b ngng

dbk n v nng, nd

nb mng n.

Key Design Conceptst ngg dgn nn vv. in

d nn m y , n

ndwy my ngg dgn

m b, b d.a mj m nd mbng bk n mvng

dgn wd bn n nby dn

m nd dny ngg. t dw

n b n saMs dgn ngg, nd

md wd md xn dng

n dgn dvmn mng d by

cmbnd am Dn D (caDD)

f lvnw, Kn.8 t vd nn, w

dn nd n m v

mnng dgn. t ndproblem

situation, frame, reframing, nd refective thinking.Problem situation. t d my b m

w nmb dn m d db

bm d ndnd,

mx bm, -d bm, wkd

bm, nd m. ag m n

b mnd dng m

n, y mmn mn.

By gzng bm n dn y

xm, w-d, mdm-d, nd

-dy my bm x n

wd nd n b dvd, gnzd, ndd by bm v.

o dgn mk dn m-

n. W m dgn n nx

n, n bm. Dgn dmn

wn ; y wn bm.

Wn y v bm y v , y

w v nw n nd n nw bm.

pg my b m by d by m-

ng nw bm d n

n by dy vng n. t

dn, w problem situation,

w w nd by cknd. pbm n

bm nn b xy d

w ng vmy n, n

n w dgnn bjv b-

m.9 f my w my ng

bm, b d b ndd , n gn,

my n w b nvd

nkng bbm qng d- nd

mm v n.

Framing. adng Mn rn nd Dnd

sn, m v m w n

m, -dnd bm n n

b md n nd d n.10 evy mn

v mn, nd m m,

vyng v mn n ng

bm. J k mng -g , n m w

bng n n w dby

bng dng , nd vng

m m ny. t ngg

w gz nd wd

vnmng mng.11 W

n bd m, ngny, v w,

n nng, n vn, vn

w d nd xn, bm

, nd n ndd.

Reframing. rmng n n v-y dny nw n nd vm

b g wn nn w

wd n nw nmn

v w n bm. rmng

nn m yng v n

bm g kng w g bm

bng vd. i wy dgn bk

nd n nvnmn, wng

m ng n ndndng

nd vw xn bv gn

vdn.12

Wn ny ndy nd y

vw y, y gn

dm bynd mn ny

ng v.

un dy mmn mny dn dng

n, nng nw nd

vm nxd b. rmng

m ngng nd d xnn n-

y d. i q ng g d


4/11


wkd n , w ldd h bvd

vn d n dng nw d.13 rmng

q nk nd , nd nky

nd m . i ndnnd by

nkng, n q ng

v, n, nd b v, ,

nd dv. c nkng n-

y bwn mng xnn

vn, n y wn m

wgd n n vdn, nd

ndnd d-d .

Dn d m -

vn dng nnng g, nd

m my dny nd m n

g xn. hwv, ndd m

vn my n ng b n n

y nd wn m. a

dgn ny nm nvnmnnd ng n. inn v ng

mvn nd m wng -

, b y nd ny ng wn

n n v bn . t gd

gn mny, mn mnn

dgn y dng nnng nd xn,

qn n ndndng nd m

n n nvnmn ng nd nw

knwdg. rmng m db

m mnmn dgn.

Reflective thinking. rv nkng dwn n dvmn ygy n

mgnn. Mgnn dnd

knwdg k bj g ny

ny gnv ndv.14 t nvv

w knd knwdg. t knw-

dg b gnnw d i knw, w gn-

v b d i v, nd w d m

n b n nd? t nd

knwdg b w g nd n gn-

v vyw d i vd ng n mmn

gnv , nd w d i bn my g-

nv mng ndndng nvn-

mn, bm, nd n? Dgn nd

b y mgnv knwdg bm

v nk. tg n, dgn

n nn mv b knwdg

wn by nd y g

gnv mv nd m.

saMs m-qn n ng

dgn vy mv v nkng.

M-qn nn b dmn

d n ndndng

ym; nd ndnd d-d

n; nd nv v

my ng bd n nd

mn md n; nd

nv xn ym g

n nvnmn. f xm, wndd bgd-zd nk,

mny w mmdy nq b

mng, n, nd g mn.

ind y nnng qn, m-

qn wn dgn mg k:

W n dmg d n-

k n?

hw wd m n dn

nd b g n gn?

a w ng dd mny by -

ng w bn, kng g wd vwm gn mnn -

y, nnndd nqn?

M gn m-qn nd:

W g gdn?

W gmy d-

n w b wn nmy ym?15

A Design Methodologyt n vd m, g n

n dgn mdgy saMs. Dgn

d v vy, w dw y nmngy nd vy nq n

ndvd bm n. W d-

n dgn mdgy nd b g nd

dy b mnb, dgn n

b m m xb n mmnn. Dgn

nn-n, nv, nd nn gn-

v vy. t d d b n mnd

mn d w n nn

v nd v vy. W bgn by dbng

Institutions have strong

motivation to reect and

reframe following failure, but

they tend to naturally resist

change when recent actions

have been successful.


5/11



ng , dgn, nd

gnv dgn. t dd mn

dgn n xnd.

a dbd bv, dgn bgn wn

mmnd d w bm n nd

vd qmn . on dgn m

bn md by mmnd m

ndnd n, nd k:

Wy n dvd?

W d mn?

W y ?

t qn vd ng n

nng b n nvnmn. t

dgn m m vw vn dv,

dmn, d, nd v gdn, nd-

ng m w x . a y

b, dgn m nd nv-

n w g y ng y n gdn y ndd b

v. t m d knwdg gdn

y ndd, k n gdn

n, k ndndng ndn

nd n bwn gdn nd

nmn, nm g y nw

nmn ny dn n ndndng

nvnmn, nd nm dd

nd ndn n.

t dgn nnng dv. t

dw n my dd dngdgn, dbd n g d bw: n nvn-

mn m, bm m, nd dgn n-

. t d ndnd-

ng nvnmn, bm, nd bd

n. t nnng dv

mmn d

n m d

nd nn. saMs

vy xmnng w

nw md vy

mmnng d dgn n b nv

nd g m. ex-

n nd qd

m v dgn-

mmnn nq.

t n ndd m

k xb ng

nm vy d-

ndd mmn

dgn, saMs ng v

b wn nv nd g y

dgn nkng nm d.

Dgn n b g kng wn

gnv : n nvnmn,

bm, nd n ( fg 2).16 ty

nd b qn dgn m

nw d dgn

W nx n w dgn w

b mmnd?

W bm dgn nndd

dd?

hw w dgn v mng

bm?

W n b ny d,

y nn b d n , b dgn-

nd v dm y dy

bwn xng n nvnmn, bm, nd n. Dvng

vy nd nny w -

n ndndng mg n

bm wn nx nvn-

mn. inxnd dgn m my ny

n nn bm nd

mv n w vng bm, ny dv

dd n vn

b y dd n y dny b-

m. M-qn n vd n

ndny. a xm, m mn vggd yng y ndnd nvn-

mn.17 t m vny n mvng

mng n nvnmn, bm, nd

n k nng g

OPERAT

IONALENVIRONM

ENT

ENVIRONMENTAL

FRAME

SOLU

TION

DESIGN

CONCEPT

PROBLEM

PROBLEM

FRAME

Figure 2. The three design spaces.


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Potential Considerations

Historical ContextCultural Narrative

Boundaries

PMESII-PT

DIME

Contingent Relationships

Alliances and Coalitions

Trends

Conicts

Points of Disequilibrium

Current SystemDesired System

System Potential

System Propensity

System Tensions

Domain Exploration (Physical, Moral, Cognitive, Cyber)

Dimension Analysis & Synthesis (Use of Time & Patterns of Sp

v by vng nn nd n

bwn . ld m y mn

nd bn mn m n n

m d g dgn.

The Elements of Designt mn dgn nd ndndng

n nvnmn, ng bm, ng

y n, wkng bm, dvng

dgn n, nd mn nd mng.

Understanding the operational environment.

cmndng n nvnmn n

dgn q nzng nvnmn

ym. t nn d n nvn-

mn m. t nvnmn m g

nd nv d ndndng

y, n , nd g

vn wn n nvnmn.i mz w nd n bwn

nd dn ny nvn-

mn xb n bv wn n

m (fg 3). t nvnmn m bnd

nqy nd nd b g n dgn

m d nby nd

n nx. Bndy ng m

nd g bynd ngb dmn.

Dng nvnmn mng, bnd w

xnd nd n nng .

t dgn m nd ndnd n, y, nd g wn

n nvnmn. t m n

m n, ndng vb dn

, w xn n nv-

nmn. Mng nd xn n

nd nd nv; u.s.

; ym ny;18 ym n;19

ym nn;20 g, gn nd nd-

ng; nngn n; nd ndn

dmnn m, , nd yb. t

bj nvnmn mng bndy nqy nd k w nw dn n

mgng nx m n v

ndndng n ng n m-

nd nd xn bm. ld w bnd

nd n nqy nng

vv nd, , w dmn w

w b ndd nd w gnzn, m-

mn nd n ng m g, v,

nd bv w b xmnd m y. t

nd, b n md , , mnn

n, gn n, nnn -

gnzn, nd ndvd. undndng

nvnmn ym mn nkng b

n bwn . t n n,

n, mn, nd n bwn

m nvnmn mng

n d ndvd .

Setting the problem. evn g dgn

gy v, mx n dgn

m w b nb y bm n

y v m nvnmn m. und-

ndng dynm n nvn-

mn x bn n ymm

wd n. Wn dgn

m y xnn wy

n dvd wy dd, n n

n bm mn. fM 3-07 n ndy nvnn

n n b .21 W

m desired system ndy

vn b . t bm mn

dnd mmy dn bwn

ny nvnmn nd dd

ym. t bm mn bdg bwn

nvnmn nd bm .

OPERAT

IONALENVIRONM

ENT

ENVIRONMENTAL

FRAME

Figure 3. Within the operational environment spacean environmental frame is constructed.


7/11



i mn g y -

n gdn n g d ndndng

bnd dng vny nng nd

dvmn nvnmn m. t

vn dd ym nd b b

nd wn n b v k, gvn

vb nd n ndndng

n nvnmn.

Creating a theory of action. t y

n mmn bm mn.

a y n y. t bm

mn bm y n

m nd ggv ng b w v

bm. i v k n

dgn m, vd mnn n

dgn , nd ndn

g mmnn. t y n

mbn dnn v nngn ( x gnzd n-

) w n vm nd n

( mg gnzd vnb) n d

z d vn. t y n d

n y dd n dvd

wn n b m b nn

w . fg 4 mmz bm mn

nd y n dgn mn.

Working the problem. t bm m, -

d n fg 5, nmn nvn-

mn m dn, n wn nd gm, nvnn. invnn my

n wn nvn-

mn, b y q ngng wy

n n.

t dv d ndndng -

mn ngng n bv,

bm mng n dd m

nvnmn w nvnn

ndd v bm mn. Dd

ny nd dnyng

nnng v n nn bm. on m dmn bv

n m mn, , mvn, nn-

n, nd md n nd

. a bng dn g-

ng wn nvnmn nd w bv d-

ny dndng n nx n vn. i

ndmn mn xmn nd ndnd

gn n nd nngn

n d mmny.

Wn bm, nvnmn ny,

n, nd nn xmnd n gn.

saMs x v dmnd

y xmnng n ngn wn nvnmn q n-

vnn. pny bn nd-

ndng w nvnmn xd bv.

Dmnng n nm w

ng dd bv n m

b nd w nn m b mgd

nnd v dd ym.

t nvnmn zd nd nmd

by nn. idnn nn mn

InitialProblemStatement

THEORY OF ACTION

Figure 4. Problem statement and theory of action.

Sets the problem

Dffnc bn

cun nd dsd ssmsSolution Insight

Ho o so h pobm

Figure 5. Within the problem space a problem frameis constructed.


Observed System to Desired System

a. Friendly Logic

System of Transformation

b. Adversary Logic

System of Opposition

c. Strategic CommunicationsLogic

Neutral Actions

Select Boundaries for Action

Make Choices for Intervention

Identify Areas for Exploitation

Identify Creative Tensions

Set Limits of Tolerance

PROBLEM

PROBLEM

FRAME


8/11


v n. tnn n

xn nd vd ng n w

n nd w nvnmn vv.

invy mx ym nn gn

by mk n ndyng dbk

nwk. t ym nn b ndd

by v bvn. tnn vd wy

bn d ndndng nvy

mx ym. tnn x n y

m nd m-v , wn

mnng ng. tnn wn nvnmn

n vy mv ym

ndy, dd ym, y n ngvy

nm wd m dd

ym. t mbnn ndy, nmy, nd

n n mvng nvnmn wd

ndy dd ym m b ym

nmn. lkw, mbnn nmy, ndy, nd n n -

ng nvnmn wd nmy dd

ym m b ym n. i

mn n w wy b ym-

m bwn ym n nd

ym nmn. awn nd ny

dn vd ng n bv

nd n, ng n ndndng

ndy nd dvy g nd wy mnn

wn nvnmn bv n wy

dgn m mmb my v d m g-nzng n n wn n

g. t w b nn dnd w

n ng nmn dmn -

v nd ngv mn. t nn -

vd xn nd dny

w nvnn my b ndd m

nvnmn nd bv w nd.

on ym bn nd ym

n nn by mng

mng nn m n -

mn wn n nvnmn. idn-n nvgn n nd n

mn bm. a ndndng

w n dv, m vn

nvnn bm . p xn w

bm mng nd n ndnd-

ng bm gnd w dvng nv-

nmn m y vd nm,

nd my b y nvd. t dgn m d

vy vw nd n nvnmn

m nd n bm mn mnn

n w bm m.

Developing a design concept. t bm

m w bm by dn-

yng nvnmn nd

ng. hwv, d n gd nn n

w v . t y n vd

dn, b d n y w

nvnn n. a dgn n v

mng bm wn m n

v m nd gnz nvnn n

n nd m. t dgn n y

xd gy22 w ndndn

nd my nng n .

W dvng bm, ny dn

v nd ngv mn nn

wn ym. Wn dvng n,

yn qd n gy nvnn. t g x n-

mv n ym nn w

mgng ngv nqn nby nd

ng. sng m m ny yn-

mn m dynm. saMs

dgn m w m wy gnz n -

m wkng g nyz d

nvnmn m nd bm m.

s n nn b d yn.

ind, w dgn m nd w

nvnn v bmn dn w y n.

on bd gy nvnn gd

, ndvd n n b dvd. on

wy x nn, xnd n jn d-

n, dny b nd vnb-

dn n ym n. t m

bgn dv wy nz b

nd x vnb. t m

nn w v mn.

sm v nn n b n y

dy vy ng mv wd ndy dd ym. o v nn

my nd nmn mdn b

ng bv wd dd ym.

invnn n k mny m nd -

y n md n kn gn gnzd

nmy. i mbnn n kn

dny ym n nd ym

nmn n ng bjv. f

xm, nvnn d nd nggng n


9/11



y ng nn v, ngng y,

ng n dvy g gn m.

B dmnng bd mmndn

nvnn, dgn m m nd b

k nd . t wy k ny

nvnn nd m b y dmnd

nd b mgn dnd. pnnng w

dmn x qd b n

n w b dnd -

nbng nvnn dd

bm. N ny w b

dy nd by gnzn. t

dgn q xng nd nn n dd-

n n d m

bn mmnng dgn n. t

v kd

dgn m m . t wy y n bd

nd vg dn v.in nny, y d

x nw n

w mng k ngng nvnmn.

a dgn n n-

ng nd dn n b nd nn

ng nd mnn vn. t ky d-

v n ng nd nng dbk

m dgnd nvnn,

gnzd nd b n. t dgn m d

ndv mk vy n n gnzn

nng ny nvnn, , dd w ng ndd, nd

n ng g mmnd. Mnn-

ng dgn y dng nnng nd xn

vd ddn nng y.

on gn, dgn n mmnd n

nv x nd g m ( fg 6). t

dgn n bd v dd

n nn w dv nd nyz,

b vd n nnng bgn. t

nn g nkng dgn n w

bm m nd nvnmn m. tmn wn n nvnmn ng,

mn ng.

Assessment and reframing. t dn

xndd n n mx n mk

ky m w ng dng xn. s

ng xd m mx ym, w

w ng n j w w nng w ,

b because w nng w . a ky

by d ng n nvnmn -

gnzng ng y . fM 6-0 d n vn, w dn bwn

n w nn dng n nd

n w xd wn dvng n. B

mmnd nd gnn v-

n dny m nd w y mg

mk djmn n n d b

v g dnd gn dvng k.

idnyng dn wn ndng -

n d ny ng w n

vd q djmn. in nnng,

dv w d fM 5-0 m vn dny vn, nd n

n d n ym

bd dny nd vn.

N ny d n ng, b m-

n ny n v ndndng

mx ym mn nng b ym

m wn m md. t ng

b d by q bd ab enn:

t gnn bm w v nn b vd

m v nkng w w w d

m. B , by m nng w nvnmn vn m

mn n qy n dgn.

Summary and ConclusionDgn vd mmnd w n ddn

y ndndng nmnb b-

m n m n bm-

ng nd n. Dgn dv n

nvnmn m, bm m, nd dgn

Figure 6. Within the solution space a design concepis developed.


Broad approachstrategy

Pattern of parallel andsequential activities

Learning mechanisms

Orchestrate actions

Risks

Resources

Relationships

Narrative

Design Graphics

SOLUTION

DESIGNCONCEPT


10/11


n db gy nd xy

n nvnmn, bm, nd -

n. t mmnd n v n n vy

dgn. in , dgn g n-

m n dy, v nd v

bm nd n mg, nw xmn

ndd, nqn vd, b

vm, nd d bm md.

t saMs dgn mdgy mmzd

n fg 7.23 t dgn m dv

nd gnz nmn wn . t

nvnmn m d d

n nd jy nd -

ny n n. t bm -

mn vd bdg nn bwn

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bm m dn w nd b ngd

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n nd qn v

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t y n m, nyng, g

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m nvnmn, bm, nd n

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i d n saMs m-

dgy a Dgn w v y n

ny saMs dn, b m bdy

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nq. W w nn vv dgn

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d. saMs w wk y w cmbnd

am cn cmbnd am Dn D

(caDD) n mng nm d mn n

dgn, nd nn nk w u.s.

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n bng bd w ,

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an Dn sn nd tngy

ognn x mmny dvn

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dgn-n n, ky mnn

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ng nd nnvn. t nb nnd mv-

mn n dgn, w w dv nd

mnn dgn nd by

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OPERAT

IONALENVIRONM

ENT

ENVIRONMENTAL

FRAME

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TION

DESIGN

CONCEPT

PROBLEM

PROBLEM

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Figure 7. Elements of design.


11/11


1. Mo ts-tung, Pobms of Sg n Chns rouon w, Dcmb1936, n Selected Military Writings of Mao Tse-Tung(Pkng [sc]: Fogn lngug

Pss, 1968) 77.2. Bn lson, How Designers Think: The Design Process Demystied

(amsdm: es, 2007), 112.3. C on Cusz, On War, ns. nd d. bS Mch Hod nd D.

P P (Pncon, NJ: Pncon Uns Pss, 1984), 119.

4. S fo xmp, Shmon Nh, Opon a nd h iDF: a Cc Sudof Commnd Cuu, Cn fo Sgc & Budg assssmn (CSBa) (Sp-

mb 30, 2007), n fo h Dco of N assssmn, Offc of h Scof Dfns, Conc: DaSw01-02-D-0014-0084.

5. Hub wss d Czg, Ssmc Opon Dsgn: lnng nd adpng

n Compx Mssons, Military Review(Jnu-Fbu 2009): 2.6. wss d Czg, 6.7. Chcknd, Systems Thinking, Systems Practice (John w & Sons: Chch-

s, 1981), 162.8. th Commnds appcon nd Cmpgn Dsgn ingd Concp

tm; Fd Mnu inm Dopmn Mng, 5-6 Fbu 2009, bough

ogh psns fom CaDD, arCiC, SaMS, awC, arCeNt, nd Boozan Hmon o fom n ingd Concp tm fo dopng fd mnu

on dsgn.9. P Chcknd, Systems Thinking, Systems Practice (John w & Sons:

Chchs, 1981), 154-55.

10. Mn rn nd Dond a. Schn, Fm-fc poc dscous, nSocial sciences, modern states, national experiences and theoretical crossroads,d. P wgn, Co H. wss, Bjon wock, nd Hmu womn (Cmbdg:

Cmbdg Uns Pss, 1991) 263.11. tm Chns, pson communcon. S so rn nd Schn, 270. ths

nsgh hs mpcons fo h nsuffcnc of docn, nsof s docn pomos

snddzd xcon, hch ncss nhbs h b of offcs o fm.13. h chng s no o pu n d no h m mnd bu o

pu h od on ou S Bs ldd H, Thoughts on War (Fb & Fb:london, 1944).

14. John H. F, Mcogn dopmn, n Structural/process modelsof complex human behavior, d. J.M. Scndu nd C.J. Bnd (aphn .d. rjn,

th Nhnds: Sjhoff nd Noodhoff, 1978).15. th s o m-qusons cous of d Bgd Gn Shmon

Nh, Otri lcu Nos.

16. th opon nonmn spc, pobm spc nd souon spc cd spcs bcus h hgh mudmnson. Concpu, s usfu

o mnn h sp spcs, so h h nfomon onh h nonmnbhs h dos, h nds o b don, nd ho o do cn b ognzddffn. whs sps n pocss fom n squnc, spcs do no mp

m odng.17. Fdbck fom rck Sn s psn of numb of obsons con-

ssn h ndnc o g ppd n ssm fmng: you cn jus h dscous

go on nd on hs o b mngd b h commnd o chf of pns. Fcu fcon , md hough Dsgn Pccum 2, 12 Dcmb 2008.

18. Popns s h nu ncnon o ndnc of ssm. Fncos Jun,

A Treatise on Efcacy: Between Western and Chinese Thinking, ns. Jn lod(Honouu: Uns of H Pss, 2004.16.

19. Pon s h nhn b o cpc fo goh, dopmn, o comngno bng. Jun, 16.

20. tnson s snd onshp bn nddus, goups, nons, o

mns of h ssm. Booz an Hmon, 62.21. U.S. am Fd Mnu 3-07, Stability Operations (wshngon, DC: U.S.

Gonmn Pnng Offc, 2008), p. 4-13.

22. H, mn sm s sg, h sg hch xss fo commnd-s ndpndn of h of .

23. No h hs s no pocss dgm dos no psn squnc of

sp-s cs. rh, h fgu shos ho h mns nd ndf ogh o poduc cohn dsgn.

NOTES

Doves knock dates on my head

As I walk under the palms

A flutter of wings as theyFly off into the desert sky.

The west walls crumble

In front of the setting sun,

Stained pink with light

As they contain me within the prison of our own making.

My hands grow cold in the December air.

I breathe into them to warm them from the chill.

Its quiet.

Again.

No gunfire tonight

No explosives today.For now, the helicopters shuttle only boredom; the cries of the wounded no longer on board.

Iraq is different now.

Not like before

The ReTuRn

MAJ Theodore E. Lockwood II

Ban a Chart Design Eng Mar Apr 09

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