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Transcript of Bamboo Eathquake
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BAMBOO- AS CONSTRUCTION
MATERIAL AND TECHNIQUES
- sayon pramanik
- 2007uar110
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INTRODUCTION:
It is traditionally used construction materials as considered.
The bamboo based house has a very low weight therefore
foundations can be minimized. For wall construction are
used wall panels, assembled from split bamboo grids and
steel mesh and plastered with cement mortar. Basicmaterials for house components (bamboo, wire, bolts,bamboo, wire, bolts,
meshmesh, and cement, and cement) are inexpensive. Bamboo can toleratetolerate
high values of deformations in the elastic range i.e.
possesses high elasticityhigh elasticity. Therefore bamboo houses whenproperly constructed are ductileductile i.e. being able to swaysway
back and forth during an earthquake, without any damage
to the bamboo poles.
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It is a renewable plantrenewable plant with a short rotation periodshort rotation period.
Bamboo grows to its full size for about a year. Another two
or three years are required for the plant to gainto gain its highhighstrengthstrength. Bamboo can be grown even on degraded landdegraded land.
Construction materials from bamboo should be treated in
order to achieve longevity. The use of high energy materials,
like cement or steel, is minimized. Therefore the adoption of bamboo for house construction helps preserve the
environment. Below, is shown a house having a load bearing
structure built in bamboo.
Bamboo house (Image courtesy of IPIRTI -
Bangalore, India)
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BAMBOO PRESERVATION
The aim of bamboo poles preservation is to preventprevent the
invasion of pestsinvasion of pests, insects and fungusinsects and fungus. If left untreated,bamboo poles may not survive more than about two
years. We recommend the following methods for treating
bamboo poles:
IMMERSIONFreshly cut bamboo poles are immersed in waterimmersed in water for
period of 44--12 weeks12 weeks. During this time the nourishment
for insects inside the poles is removed. Streams or ponds
are suitable. Ponds should allow circulation of water.Immersion in saltwatersaltwater is notnot a suitablesuitable technique.
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IMPREGNATING COATINGS
Preservation with borate solutionborate solution is an efficient
technique. The method involves the borate/borax saltborate/borax salt
solution being pressurepressure--fedfed in the pole until it is seenseen atthe other end of the pole. The culms treated in this
technique should be of mature age. The treatment
procedure should be applied on the day of harvesting the
bamboo. This is a severe requirement. Information on this
method is available through INBAR bamboo research
network in IndiaHEATING
This method consists of heating the canesheating the canes, for a shortshorttimetime in kilnskilns to 150150ooCC. Alternatively the canes can be
placed into a large container and boiledboiled (cooked) for 2525
minutesminutes. In JapanJapan a method of boiling the bambooboiling the bamboo in
caustic ash solutioncaustic ash solution has been used.
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CHECKLIST FOR OBTAINING CONSTRUCTION QUALITY BAMBOO
POLES
Depending on the speciesspecies, 3 to 5 year old3 to 5 year old bamboo isbestbest for construction purposes
The bamboo should be harvestedharvested in dry seasondry season in order
to avoid fungus attackavoid fungus attack and excess pole moistureexcess pole moisture
Use the appropriate species for the particular application Do not exposeexpose the bamboo poles to direct sunpoles to direct sun, moisturemoisture
and rainrain
Use only straight portionsstraight portions from the bamboo culmsbamboo culms for
construction poles Poles should be treatedtreated against insectsinsects and fungusfungus
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A NEWLY DEVELOPED EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT TYPE OF BAMBOO
HOUSE. THE PLANNING AND LAYOUT OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS ARE
DISPLAYED AT THE VARIOUS CONSTRUCTION STAGES.
Indian Plywood Industries Research and Training Institute (IPIRTI) Indian Plywood Industries Research and Training Institute (IPIRTI)
- Bangalore, India has constructed earthquake resistant prototypeearthquake resistant prototypebamboo housesbamboo houses with the following main features:
Use whole round bamboo columnswhole round bamboo columns and trussed rafterstrussed rafters
approximately every 1.2m1.2m as the main load bearing elementsload bearing elements
Use split bamboosplit bamboo grids and steelsteel meshmesh with cement mortarcement mortar
plasterplaster to provide overall stabilitystability to the structure. These
elements form infill panelsinfill panels that are about 5 cmabout 5 cm thick.
Application of preservative treatmentpreservative treatment of bamboo depending on
the degree of hazard and service conditionshazard and service conditions. Apply BORONBORON to
treat bamboo gridsbamboo grids and trussestrusses and Creosote oilCreosote oil to treattreatcolumnscolumns
Use of bamboo mat board (BMB) bamboo mat board (BMB) gussetsgussets in combination with
mild steel boltsmild steel bolts for load bearing jointsload bearing joints in roofing structureroofing structure
Use of bamboo mat corrugated sheets (BMCS) bamboo mat corrugated sheets (BMCS) as roof claddingroof cladding
and BMBBMB for the walls, doorswalls, doors and window shutterswindow shutters
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Prototype of a bamboo house, constructed according to the above technology is shown
Prototype of a Bamboo house (Image courtesy of IPIRTI - Bangalore, India)
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
Cutting with machetemachete knifeknife
SplittingSplitting the pole in half half by using machete knifemachete knife
SplittingSplitting the bamboo culms into four or eight segmentsbamboo culms into four or eight segments using a
knife frameknife frame
PeelingPeeling of the bamboobamboo, when the ageage is less than 18 months18 months.The stripsstrips can be used as tiesties or can be woven together to
make strings or ropesstrings or ropes
BendingBending - freshly cut bamboofreshly cut bamboo can be bent. If heated at 150150ooCC
the bamboo keeps its shapeshape after it goes coldcold
Only basic carpentry, masonry tools andskills are necessary for the construction
of bamboo house. The following
methods are recommended for working
of bamboo poles:
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Tools for cutting bamboo
(Image courtesy of O.
Lopez, Universidad
national de Columbia)
Bamboo poles end details
(Image courtesy of O.
Lopez, Universidad
national de Columbia)
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FOUNDATIONS AND PLINTH COURSE
Field stone - max size 200 mm
Grout - cement based mixed in proportion 1 : 4 (cement :sand) by volume
Bamboo columns - canes with diameter of 100mm
Concrete for plinth - mix by volume, cement : sand :
aggregate : water = 1 : 3 : 3 : 1.3
CONSTRUCTION OF WALLS
The wallswalls are constructed between the vertical bamboovertical bamboo
columnscolumns, as infill'sinfill's. The main postsmain posts are erected at all
cornerscorners, and throughout the house envelopeenvelope, spacedspaced at
about 1.2 m1.2 m. Split bamboo gridsbamboo grids are assembled by roperope or
wire tieswire ties and are fixed to plinth and bamboo posts.
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To reinforcereinforce the bamboo grids, as well as to provide a
basebase for the mortarmortar, a steelsteel wire meshwire mesh is fixed to the
grids. Cement based mortarCement based mortar is then plastered on top to
provide overall stability to the wall infill's. The finishedfinished
wallwall thickness is about 50 mm50 mm thick. PrefabricatedPrefabricated
timber framestimber frames are mounted for windowswindows and doordoor
openingsopenings.CONSTRUCTION OF TOP TIMBER PLATE ACTING LIKE A
BOND BEAM
All bamboo columnscolumns should be fixedfixed to a top ringtop ring continuouscontinuous
beambeam. This member should be made from timbertimber and shouldhave rectangular cross sectionrectangular cross section. Bamboo poles should notpoles should not be
used for top ring beamstop ring beams. This beambeam acts like a bond beambond beam,
providing restraintrestraint and stiffnessstiffness to the bamboo columnsbamboo columns and
wallswalls. Care should be taken to ensure continuity at wall corners.
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DETAILS FOR SEISMIC
RESISTANCE
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JOINT DETAILS IN BAMBOO HOUSES
There have been known a number of complications
when connecting bamboo canes:
Connections of round profiles lead to complicated
geometry at the knot
Bamboo fibers only grow in the longitudinal direction
Bamboo is hollow. There is no material to tighten the
bamboo in the middle of the cane
The face of the cane is hard and slippery
Bamboo is not suitable for loads in cross directionTwo types of connections:
The friction tight rope(strapping) connection
The bolting connection
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Compressive force transfer
through a joint away from pole
diaphragm (Image courtesy of O.
Lopez, Universidad national de Columbia)
Compressive force transfer
through a joint at a location
of pole diaphragm (Image
courtesy of O. Lopez, Universidad
national de Columbia)
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Inserting short, smaller diameter
bamboo pole to strengthen
bamboo member at a joint (Image
courtesy of O. Lopez, Universidad nationalde Columbia)
Inserting short, smaller diameter
bamboo pole to strengthen
bamboo member at a joint (Image
courtesy of O. Lopez, Universidad national de
Columbia)
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