Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission 3-2015-278... · Baltic Marine Environment...

Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission

Third Meeting of the Working Group on Reduction of Pressures from the Baltic Sea Catchment Area Copenhagen, Denmark, 7-9 October 2015

PRESSURE 3-2015

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Document title Overview of the hazardous substances included in the BSAP

Code 3-2-Rev.1

Category CMNT

Agenda Item 3 – Thematic session on hazardous substances

Submission date 28.9.2015

Submitted by Secretariat

Reference

Background Pollution caused by hazardous substances still poses risks to the Baltic Sea area. Loads and impacts of some

hazardous substances have been reduced considerably during the past 20-30 years, but many of them are

still of a high concern and new ones appear in the watching list.

The Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) identified ecological objectives for hazardous substances and the list of

eleven hazardous substances that are of specific concern in the Baltic Sea area. HELCOM Recommendation

31E/1 “Implementing HELCOM’s objective for hazardous substances” outlined the strategy to implement the

HELCOM objective for hazardous substances. The Recommendation also indicates that the list of the priority

substances is to be under review, based on monitoring and other scientific data. The HELCOM List of Priority

Hazardous Substances is to be updated on regular basis.

In the 2013 Ministerial Declaration the HELCOM Contracting Parties agreed to complete and further develop

the set of HELCOM core indicators that are to be applied in the Second holistic assessment of the health of

Baltic Sea. The current set of core and pre-core indicators, including hazardous substances, was developed

by the CORSET II project and dealt with by HOD 48-2015 (cf. document 2-1). The boundaries of good

environmental status were agreed for concentrations of some of the substances.

Regular monitoring of input of hazardous substances into the marine environment is required to follow up

the implementation of the BSAP and measures stipulated by the HELCOM Recommendations. The monitoring

should be based on measuring of concentration of the selected compounds in air and surface water with

subsequent calculation of their discharges into the Baltic Sea. Also data on emissions of the substances

reported at national and international level (e.g. CLRTAP, E-PRTR etc.) can be used to assess emissions of the

pollutants from emission sources and their potential input to the marine environment.

This document summarizes the current situation regarding hazardous substances included in the BSAP. The

document provides information on HELCOM and other international requirements of relevance to each

substance and summarises the current level of development of the assessment system in the HELCOM

community. The document also summarizes HELCOM commitments regarding hazardous substances and

suggestions regarding the measures aimed at emission reduction.

Action required The Meeting is invited to:

- consider the provided information and use it as appropriate;

- consider the sufficiency of the current assessment (e.g. frequency and completeness of the

information on air deposition) of the environmental pressure caused by emission of hazardous

substances for the purposes of the second holistic assessment;

PRESSURE 3-2015, 3-2-Rev.1

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- discuss and decide on needs in the assessment of emissions of particular pollutants, identifying

possible sources of information;

- discuss and decide on updates of existing HELCOM Recommendations including the list of priority

substances bearing in mind the new national and international regulation regarding their use and

placement on the market;

- discuss and elaborate measures aimed at reduction of input of hazardous substances to the Baltic

Sea which can be suggested for coordinated implementation in the HELCOM region.


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Overview of the hazardous substances included in the BSAP

Contents 1. Dioxins (PCDD), Furans (PCDF) and Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls ............................................ 4

2. Tributyltin compounds (TBT), (Triphenyltin compounds (TPhT) ............................................................. 6

3. Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDE); Pentabromodiphenyl ether (pentaBDE);

Octabromodiphenyl ether (octaBDE); Decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE). ....................................... 8

4. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) (Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) ...................................................... 10

5. Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) ..................................................................................................... 12

6. Nonylphenols (NP) and Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPE) ...................................................................... 14

7. Octylphenols (OP) and Octylphenol ethoxylates (OPE) ........................................................................ 16

8a. Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCP or chloroalkanes, C10-13) ..................................................... 17

8b. Medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCP or chloroalkanes, C14-17) .............................................. 19

9. Endosulfan ............................................................................................................................................. 20

10. Mercury ................................................................................................................................................. 21

11. Cadmium ............................................................................................................................................... 23

WFD Priority Substances to be reported under EU MSFD as minimum requirements

exceeding BSAP list................................................................................................................................ 25


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1. Dioxins (PCDD), Furans (PCDF) and Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls Main sources

Residential combustion

Open burning of waste (backyard burning)

Iron and steel industry

Power production, non-ferrous metals, chemical industry.

International requirements

- Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants (POPs)

- United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Protocol to the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution

- EU requirements (e.g. POP regulation 850/2004/EC, Dioxin strategy), see: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/pops/index_en.htm

HELCOM commitments

- Ministerial Declaration 2013 (MD2013)- to establish combustion efficiency requirements and/or

emission limit values for dioxins according to HELCOM Recommendation 28E/8 by 2016 in order to

minimize dioxin emissions from small-scale combustion sources as well as develop cost-efficient and

BAT measures to large-scale industrial sources;

- HELCOM Recommendations: 31E/1 implementing HELCOM objectives, 27/1 Incineration of waste, 25/2

BAT in industry, 24/4 Iron and steel industry, 25/1 PCBs and PCTs, 14/3 Glass industry, 13/2 Industrial

connections to municipal sewerage systems.

HELCOM assessments

Status Pressure

Indicator development

Core indicator

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and dioxins and furans - No agreed GES-boundary, to be

developed by end of 2016 - Biota (fish) main matrix - Splitting into two indicators under

consideration (PCB resp. dioxin) - PCB congeners included: CB-118, CB-

153

No core indicator agreed, thus no commonly agreed environmental target for a pressure level that reflects sustainable levels of human activities.

Two Baltic Sea Environment Fact Sheets (BSEFS) available following trends only:

Atmospheric emissions of PCDD/Fs in the Baltic Sea region

Atmospheric deposition of PCDD/Fs on the Baltic Sea

Latest assessments and data source

Core indicator

2005-2010 based data evaluations available, however old targets. Sub-GES status largely indicated in these tentative results throughout the Baltic Sea.

HELCOM Monitoring Manual: sub-programme: Contaminants in biota

BSEFS

1990-2012 data published

Evaluated trend show a decrease of emission 41% and deposition 60%.

Assessed by EMEP, as the PCB and dioxin and furan are included in the Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants of CLRTAP

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/pops/index_en.htm

http://helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/concentration-of-contaminants/contaminants-in-biota



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Data on atmospheric emissions and deposition are annually provided by EMEP on the basis of annually updated contract

Assessment of input and reduction measures

Assessment and data availability

As the substances are included in the Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants of CLRTAP and assessed by

EMEP there is no need in additional measures to collect data on input to the Baltic Sea environment.

The frequency of input assessments is to be identified.

Measures

- In the residential sector - the replacement and retrofitting of household furnaces combined with

generally improving building energy performance like thermal insulation;

- In industrial sector - technical measures with improved combustion and clean up techniques;

- To establish combustion efficiency requirements and/or emission limit values for dioxins;

- Improvement of BAT and revision of the BREF document concerning small particle (PM 2.5) emission

reduction for different industry branches (power plants/energy sector, metallurgical sector, waste

incineration)


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2. Tributyltin compounds (TBT), Triphenyltin compounds (TPhT) Main sources

Used as an anti-fouling agent (main use)

Used as a biocide

Used as a pesticide

Used as a marking agent in manufacture of aircraft

Used as a fungicide in “regular” (non-anti-fouling) paints

• Mono- and dibutyltin, which are used as stabilisers in e.g. PVC, polyurethane, polyester, can

include TBT as impurity


- Anti-fouling Convention (IMO): application of TBT banned since 2003, and coating of TBT required

from 2008 (Convention enforced in September 2008)

- 2002/62/EC: prohibiting the marketing and use of organostannic compounds in antifouling systems

for all ships, irrespective of their length.

- Regulation 782/2003: Antifouling use of organic tin compounds in all vessels banned in 2003. Old

paint should be removed or permanently covered by 2008 at the latest. From 1 January 2008, ships

bearing an active TBT coating on their hulls will no longer be allowed in Community ports.

- 98/8/EC: Biocide use of all organic tin compounds banned since autumn 2006

- 2455/2001/EC: identified as a priority hazardous substance under the Water Framework Directive

HELCOM commitments

- Recommendation 31E/1

- HELCOM Recommendations 20/4 Antifouling paints

HELCOM assessments

Status Pressure


Core indicator

TBT and imposex - No agreed GES-boundary, to be

developed by end of 2016 -


No BSEFS


Core indicator

Indicative assessments using other targets available for 2010 data, showing very variable concentrations over relative short distances

HELCOM Monitoring Manual: sub-programme: Contaminants in biota and in the sub-programme: Imposex.



http://helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/biological-effects-of-contaminants/tbt-imposex


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Proposed conclusion regarding


No data on inputs are available. Is there any need of data on inputs of the substances into marine

environment, if their retail and use is banned in the Baltic Sea region?

Measures

No measures are required as the retail and use of the substance is banned since 2006.


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3. Polybrominated Diphenyl ethers (PBDE); Pentabromodiphenyl ether (pentaBDE);

Octabromodiphenyl ether (octaBDE); Decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE)

Main sources

Used as a flame retardant in plastics used in electrical equipment such as computers (e.g. in

electronic circuits)

Used as a flame retardant in different textiles for special workwear (designed, e.g. to protect

humans) and in special carpets.

Used as a flame retardant in different products made of flexible polyurethane foam such as

furniture, mattresses, automobile parts and packing material (main use)

Used in resins to be used as a raw material for the above-mentioned plastic polymers.

In addition to the atmospheric dispersion, PBDEs are introduced to the marine environment from

waste and waste water treatment plants and via storm-water run-off.


- Stockholm Convention on POPs: Pentabromodiphenyl ether is a new compound included into the

protocol on POPs.

- Import of substances and products containing it to Russian Federation banned since 2010.

- 2003/11/EC and 2004/98/EC: Total ban since August 2004, prohibiting the placing on the market

and the use of pentaBDE and octaBDE and the placing on the market of articles containing one or

both of these substances.

- 2002/95/EC (RoHS Directive): from July 2006, new electrical and electronic equipment placed on

the market are no longer allowed to contain PentaBDE

- 2002/96/EC (WEEE Directive): have to set up a collection scheme, proper treatment, recovery and

disposal of waste electrical and electronic equipment (to be implemented by 13th August 2004)


HELCOM commitments

Recommendation 31E/1

HELCOM assessments

Status Pressure


Core indicator.

The GES agreed. EQS biota human health 0.0085 µg/kg ww

No pressure indicator agreed.


Data are available and provisional evaluations show that the concentration of PBDE is high in fish in most areas in the Baltic Sea. The status of the sum of six BDE congeners in fish, bivalves and guillemot eggs during 2005–2010 shows that the boundary of Good Environmental Status is exceeded in almost every monitoring site in the Baltic Sea.

No input data available.


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Conclusion regarding



Measures to reduce input

- Controlled incineration,

- Substitution of PBDEs in polymers, textiles and construction materials,

- Urban run-off management.


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4. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) Main sources

Used as a surface-active agent in waxes and floor polishes

Used as a dirt rejecter, friction control agent, surfactant and antistatic agent in photographic

industry for manufacturing photo film, paper and plates and developing photos (main use and high

emission factor to wastewater)

Used in the semiconductor industry in photo-acid generators, antireflective coatings, etch mixtures

and photo-resists (high emission factor to wastewater)

Used as a surface-active agent in metal surface treatment in chromium baths used in, e.g.

chromium plating (main use and high emission factor to wastewater). Important applications / final

products are e.g. aircraft and vehicles

Used in fire-fighting foams (high emission factor to wastewater)

Used as a surfactant in industrial and household cleaning products

Used as a flame retardant, corrosion inhibitor and surface-active agent in hydraulic fluids of both

civil and military airplanes

Used as a water and oil repellent in surface treatment (impregnation) of textiles and leather

Used as a water and grease repellent in surface treatment (impregnation) of paper and cardboard

(high emission factor to wastewater).


- Stockholm convention on POPs: Chemical for preparation of risk management evaluations

- 2006/122/EC: Restrictions on the marketing and use; PFOS partly banned as a substance or

constituent of preparations at concentration ≥0.005% by mass and in semifinished products or

articles ≥0.1% by mass from 27th June 2008.

- Uses in the EU are restricted to:

- Photoresist or anti reflective coatings for photolithography processes

- Photographic coatings applied to films, papers or printing plates

- *Mist suppressants for non-decorative hard chromium (VI) plating and wetting agents for use in

controlled electroplating system

- Hydraulic fluids for aviation

- Fire fighting foams

- Note! Fire-fighting foams placed on the market before 27 December 2006 could be used until 27

June 2011.

- Mostly substituted by voluntary agreement in USA, Canada and Europe. Restrictions on remaining

(few) uses under discussion

HELCOM commitments


HELCOM assessments

Status Pressure


Core indicator

Perflurooctane sulphonate (PFOS) - GES-boundary (equals WFD EQSbiota

human health) agreed at HOD 48-2015

No pressure indicators or trends



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Tentative evaluations for 2008-2013 using the newly established GES-boundary show GES-status in most Baltic Sea areas

No input data.





- Substitution of PFOS in metal (chromium) plating

- Substitution of PFOS/PFOA in semiconductor industry

- Substitution of PFOS/PFOA in photographic industry

- Improvement of BAT and revision of BREF document for metal surface treatment

- Advanced waste water treatment

- Treatment of industrial waste water (only PFOS)

- Advanced waste water treatment - AC treatment of municipal waste water MWWTPs

(municipal waste water)

- Public awareness raising PFOS/PFOA

- Awareness raising for manufactures, industrial/commercial users


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5. Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) Main sources

Used as a flame retardant in four principal product types:

1. Expandable Polystyrene (EPS, main use), which (as foam containing HBCDD) is further used in the

building and construction industry in end products such as insulation panels / boards, car seats for

children, rigid packaging material for fragile equipment, packaging material such as ”chips” and

shaped EPS-boards

2. Extruded Polystyrene (XPS, main use), which is further used, e.g. in rigid insulation panels/boards in

the construction sector, insulation material against frost damage on road and railway embankments

and sandwich constructions in, e.g. caravans and lorry platforms

3. High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS), which is further used in electrical and electronic appliances such as

audio-visual equipment cabinets (video and stereo equipment), distribution boxes for electrical lines

in the construction sector and refrigerator lining

4. Polymer dispersion for textile finishing (coating, significant source); textiles can be used for e.g. flat

and pile upholstered furniture (residential and commercial furniture), upholstery seats in

transportation, draperies, and wall coverings, bed mattress ticking, interior textiles, e.g. roller blinds,

automobile interior textiles and car cushions


- Stockholm convention on POPs: including into the protocol on POPs is under consideration.

- Regulation No 1907/2006. HBCDD is identified as a substance of very high concern (SVHC) and listed

in Annex XIV as subject to authorisation.

HELCOM requirements:


HELCOM assessments

Status Pressure


Core indicator

GES-boundary (EQS biota human health 167 µg/kg ww) agreed at HOD 48-2015



Tentative evaluations for 2008-2013 using the newly established GES-boundary show GES-status in most Baltic Sea areas

No pressure indicators or trends.



No input data available. Preliminary assessment (COHIBA) based on the substance flow analyses shows that

direct emissions (to land, air and surface waters) within the Baltic Sea region were in the approximate

range of 300-700kg/year.


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- Substitution of HBCDD as a flame retardant

- Changing of product material

- Mechanical, chemical and biological waste water treatment (Industrial/municipal waste water)*

- Sludge treatment–thermal hydrolysis and anaerobic digestion

- Waste management

o controlled incineration

o controlled landfilling

o demolition of buildings.


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6. Nonylphenols (NP) and Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPE) Main sources

Industrial, professional and domestic (private) cleaning;

Manufacture and use of cleaning products

Paints; manufacture and use of paint products

Textile industry in EU and textiles imported from outside of EU

Metal industry; in metal cutting fluids and cleaning (NP and NPE, restricted use in metal cutting and

metal cleaning

Urban run off


- 2455/2001/EC: identified as a priority hazardous substance under the Water Framework Directive.

- 2008/105/EC ("EQS Directive"), sets the water quality standards for nonylphenol in the EU.

- The use of nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates are restricted within the EU since 1.1.2005

due to Directive 2003/53/EC (currently REACH, Annex XVII).

HELCOM requirements


- HELCOM Recommendations 23/12 Textile, 23/7 Metal plating

HELCOM assessments

Status Pressure


Pre-core indicator “Estrogenic-like chemicals and effects”. Due to estrogenic effect the compounds are included into the list of substances consisting the umbrella indicator.



Monitoring data are available for some of the included estrogenic like substances and effects from some areas of the Baltic Sea. No evaluation has been made yet as the concept is still under development.




No input data available. Based on COHIBA outcome, industrial sources (about 75-80% of total NP/NPE

emissions to environment) seem to be a much more significant source than urban sources (about 15-20%

of total emissions to environment).


- Substitution in cleaning, paints and textile industries;

- Ban of import of the textile articles containing the substances;


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- Advanced municipal and industrial waste waters treatment including AC filtration, membrane

filtration and oxidation technique;

- Sludge treatment- anaerobic and aerobic degradation

- Urban run-off management including collection and treatment.


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7. Octylphenols (OP) and Octylphenol ethoxylates (OPE) Main sources

The compounds are used for manufacturing car tyres and other rubber production, printing inks, electric

isolation, textile, pesticide and marine paints hence sources include:

Car tyres abrasion

Emissions of OPE from washing of textiles

Industrial waste water

Municipals waste water.


- 2455/2001/EC: identified as a priority substance under the Water Framework Directive

- EU Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) Directive (2008/105/EC)

HELCOM requirements


- HELCOM Recommendation 23/12 Textile

HELCOM assessments

Status Pressure


Pre-core indicator “Estrogenic-like chemicals and effects”. Due to estrogenic effect the compounds are included into the list of substances consisting the umbrella indicator.



Monitoring data are available for some of the included estrogenic like substances and effects from some areas of the Baltic Sea. No evaluation has been made yet as the concept is still under development.




No input data available. COHIBA project carried out substance flow analysis (SFA) for the Baltic Sea

catchment area and estimated emissions between 18,000 kg/a in case of low emission scenario and 75,000

kg/a in case of high emission scenario. Emissions from abrasion of car tyres were considered as the

dominating factor while emissions of OPE from washing of textile and the other pathways play minor role in

total emissions.


- Substitution of OP in textile printing

- Waste management - controlled incineration of waste tyres

- Voluntary agreement to stop using OP

- Advanced industrial waste water treatment – AC treatment

- Sludge treatment - controlled incineration.


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8a. Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCP or chloroalkanes, C10-13)

Main sources

Used to manufacture textiles and clothing (designed e.g. for sailing and industrial work) with high

flame-resistant, waterproof and anti-fungal properties

Used as a greasing agent in leather finishing, further use in manufacture of leather products

Used in metal-working fluids (both water- and oil-based) for treatment and coating of metal

Used as lubricants in compressed air tools in garages and in different industrial sectors

Used as a plasticiser and flame retardant in paints (used e.g. in road marking and as primer for

surfaces exposed to seawater), varnishes and coatings

Used as a plasticiser and flame retardant in rubber products such as gaskets, sealants and in glues

used, e.g. in the construction sector and car industry

MCCP (medium chained CPs, see 8b) can contain up to 1% SCCP

The main sources of emissions of SCCPs in the past were their use in products, which has decreased

due to regulations on the usage. According to outcomes of the COHIBA project the main sources

are:

- the use of products containing SCCP (emitted during their service life), contributing mainly to

SCCP loads into wastewater;

- sewerage, contributing mainly to SCCP loads into surface water bodies (via effluent) and onto

land and soil (via sludge and waste remaining in the environment);

- atmospheric deposition of uncertain origin.


- Stockholm convention on POPs: Chemical for preparation of risk profile

- 2002/45/EC: Limitations on marketing and use; banned at metal working fluids and leather finishing

at conc. > 1%


- In Russia - discharges to water bodies are banned; banned for discharge from ships, aircraft, man-

made islands, plants and facilities in exclusive economic area.

HELCOM requirements

HELCOM Recommendations 31E/1, 17/8, 17/9, 16/4 Pulp industry, 16/7 Leather industry.

HELCOM assessments

Status Pressure


No status indicators or trends No pressure indicators or trends






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- Controlled waste management, targeting waste remaining in the environment as the dominant

source, contributing to emissions to water and to land/soil;

- Advanced wastewater treatment, targeting emissions in wastewater from use of products;

- Additional (“minor”) measures for SCCP control:

o Sludge treatment, due to some emissions from wastewater treatment plants to land via

sludge application;

o Ban on and substitution of SCCP in the remaining areas of application.


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8b. Medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCP or chloroalkanes, C14-17) Main sources

Used as a substitute for SCCP

Used as a greasing agent in leather finishing

Used in metal-working fluids (both water- and oil-based) in treatment and coating of metals

Used as a plasticiser and flame retardant in paints (used e.g. in road marking and as primer for

surfaces exposed to sea water), varnishes and coatings

Used as a plasticiser and flame retardant in rubber products such as gaskets and in glues used, e.g.

in the construction sector and car industry

Used in some carbon copy paper types

Used as a plasticiser and flame retardant in PVC plastic and further use in manufacture of plastic

products

The main sources of MCCPs into the environment are: production of MCCPs, use in metal cutting fluids and

waste remaining in the environment.


No regulations yet.

HELCOM requirements:

HELCOM Recommendation 31E/1

HELCOM assessments

Status Pressure








- Ban/restriction/regulation of MCCP for usage in metal cutting fluids,

- Proper waste handling/management and treatment,

- Advanced waste water treatment

- Possible additional measures are: Regulating use of MCCP in PVC products (rather minor source),

and sludge treatment.


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9. Endosulfan Main sources

Agricultural pesticide (main use)

Possible use as a wood impregnation agent.

Due to long-range transport of endosulfan, atmospheric deposition constitutes 75% of inputs to the Baltic

Sea. Emissions into water from municipal WWTPs and manufacture of food products contribute to the rest.


Endosulfan is banned in 60 countries, including Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania,

Poland, Russia and Sweden.

- The Stockholm Convention: including into the protocol on POPs is under consideration

- 864/2005/EC: banned in EU (withdrawal of authorisation) in plant protection products since 2005,

authorisation in Poland should expire not later than 31.12.07


- Directive 2008/105/EC, environmental quality standards (EQS) are set for endosulfan (AA-EQS:

0.005 and 0.0005µg/l for inland surface waters and other surface waters, respectively).

HELCOM requirements

HELCOM Recommendation 31E/1

HELCOM assessments

Status Pressure








- Ban and substitution of endosulfan

- Sludge treatment – controlled incineration

- Advanced waste water treatment – AC treatment

- Improvement of control and ban of contaminated foodstuff


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10. Mercury Main sources

Dentistry (dental amalgams)

Crematoria

Batteries

Measuring and control instruments (e.g. thermometers)

Low-energy/fluorescent lamps

Electronics

Laboratory chemical and pharmaceuticals including preservatives in some vaccines

Gold recovery

Chlor-alkali industry

Coating on paper or film in photographic applications

Fossil fuel combustion in e.g. power plants

Production of zinc and copper (Hg in raw material)

Non-antifouling paints (use possible)

Cosmetics

Pesticide

Marine antifouling paints

Wood preservation

Textile treatment

Waste incinerators are identified in the Minamata Convention as one of the major industrial sources of

mercury emissions.


- Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution: Protocol on Heavy Metals, metal of the first priority.

- Minamata Convention on Mercury

- EU strategy and several other requirements for product control and production. There is an

agreement on a ban on mercury in fever thermometers and measuring instruments for consumers

use.

- 2002/95/EC (RoHS Directive) from July 2006 also prohibits mercury in new electrical and electronic

equipment placed on the market with the exception of fluorescent lamps where maximum

contents are specified for various types of lamps.


HELCOM requirements

- MD2013 - early ratification of the UNEP 2013 Minamata Convention on Mercury, as well as a quick

start of the implementation of the Convention, taking into account existing and possibly updated

HELCOM Recommendations limiting the use of mercury in products and processes

- HELCOM Recommendations 31E/1, 6/4 Dentistry, 24/4 Iron and steel industry, 14/5 Batteries,

27/11 Incineration of waste, 17/6 Fertilisers, 18/2 Offshore activities, 23/4 Light sources and

electrical equipment, 23/6 Chlor-alkali industry, 23/7 Metal surface treatment, 23/11 Chemical

industry & 23/12 Textile industry


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HELCOM assessments

Status Pressure


Core indicator

Metals - - GES-boundary (equals WFD EQSbiota secondary

poisoning) agreed at HOD 48-2015



Atmospheric emissions of heavy metals in the Baltic Sea region.

Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals on the Baltic Sea


Core indicator

Tentative assessment results for 2006-2011 indicate concentrations close to the targets

Monitored by EMEP



Data on atmospheric emission and deposition are annually provided by EMEP on the basis of annually updated contract



As the substances are included into the Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants of CLRTAP and assessed

by EMEP there is no need in additional measures to collect data on air borne input to the Baltic Sea

environment. Mercury is also obligatory parameter for water quality monitoring.

The frequency of assessment is to be identified.


- Substitution of mercury in products and processes: Fuels in power plant and cement production,

dental amalgam use, light sources, batteries, measuring equipment

- Improvement of BAT and revision of BREF for combustion power plants: Combustion of fossil fuels

in power plants, industrial boilers and for combustion residential heating, nonferrous metal

industries, cement production, chloralkali.

- Control emissions from crematories.

- Waste management, controlled incineration.


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11. Cadmium Main sources

Stabiliser for PVC

Pigment in plastics, glasses, ceramics, paints, papers and inks

Electrode material in nickel-cadmium batteries

Synthesis of other inorganic cadmium compounds

Metal industry and metal ore roasting or sintering installations

Production of ferrous and non-ferrous metals (zinc mining, lead and zinc refining, cadmium)

Plating of metals i.e. protection of iron against corrosion

Component for various alloys

Solar cells

Fossil fuel combustion in power plants

Fertiliser (in P minerals used in the production of P-fertilisers)


- Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution: Protocol on Heavy Metals, metal of the first priority.

- Council Directive 91/338/EEC on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and

preparations. The Directive prohibits of use cadmium-based pigments for colouring e.g. PVC, PUR,

PET.

- Directive 2006/66/EC on batteries and accumulators and waste batteries and accumulators.

Prohibition of the use portable batteries or accumulators, including those incorporated into

appliances that contain more than 0.002 % of cadmium by weight.

- Directive 2000/53/EC on end of life vehicles ELV. Materials and components of vehicles put on the

market after 1 July 2003 do not contain lead, mercury, cadmium or hexavalent chromium.

- 2002/95/EC (RoHS Directive) from July 2006 prohibits cadmium in new electrical and electronic

equipment placed on the market with some exceptions. Chosen as indicator for objective 1 and

objective 2

- 2455/2001/EC: identified as a priority hazardous substance under the Water Framework Directive.

- Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council 2010/75/EU of 24 November

2010 on industrial emissions

HELCOM requirements

- HELCOM Recommendations 31E/1, 24/4 Iron and steel industry, 14/5 Batteries, 27/11 Incineration

of waste, 17/6 Fertilisers, 18/2 Offshore activities, 23/7 Metal surface treatment, 23/11 Chemical

industry & 23/12 Textile industry.

HELCOM assessments

Status Pressure


Core indicator

Metals - GES-boundary (equals WFD EQSwater)

agreed at HOD 48-2015




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Atmospheric emissions of heavy metals in the Baltic Sea region

Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals on the Baltic Sea


Core indicator

Tentative results with data up to 2013 indicate sub-GES results for some datapoints

Monitored by EMEP.



Data on atmospheric emission and deposition are annually provided by EMEP on the basis of annually updated contract



As the substances are included into the Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants of CLRTAP and assessed

by EMEP there is no need in additional measures to collect data on air born input to the Baltic Sea

environment. Cadmium is also obligatory parameter for water quality monitoring.

The frequency of assessment is to be identified.


- Improvement of BAT and revision of BREF document concerning industrial air abatement;

- Improvement of BAT and revision of BREF document concerning wastewater treatment;

- Replacement and Retro-fit of household heating furnaces;

- Waste management – recycling;

- Reduction of Cd content in fertilisers;

- Sustainable use of sewage sludge;

- Advanced waste water treatment - AC treatment;

- Raising public awareness - raising awareness among consumers on cadmium related product use

and disposal;

- Treatment of contaminated soil.


of 25

WFD Priority Substances to be reported under EU MSFD as minimum

requirements exceeding BSAP list

1. Anthracene

2. Carbon-tetrachloride

3. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)

4. Hexachlorobenzene

5. Hexachlorobutadienne

6. Hexachlorocyclohexane

7. Pentachlorobenzene

8. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)

9. Benzo(a)pyrene

10. Benzo(b)fluoranthene

11. Benzo(k)fluoranthene

12. Benzo(g,h,i)perylene

13. Indeno(1,2,3- cd)pyrene

14. Trifluralin

15. Dicofol

16. Quinoxyfen 17. Heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide

Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission 3-2015-278... · Baltic Marine Environment...

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