Power Distribution Unit (PDU)

Cooling Pump

System Module

Fuel Cell Stack Module

Engine Weight: 220 kg Engine Volume: 220 L Max. system net power 70 kW Idle to 90 % power < 1 sec Max. efficiency 48 %

Control Units

Ballard Xcellsis™ HY-80 Fuel Cell Engine

Commercial Fuel Cell

Graphite bipolar plate

Flow field (channel ~ 1 by 1 mm)

Heated cover plate

MEA + GDL (10 cm2 active area)

Current collector

Arbin PEMFC Testing System (500W)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 2.4 2.8 3.2

Vol

tage

(V);

Pow

er D

ensit

y (W

/cm

2)

Current Density (A/cm2)

Air / H2 = 1.3 / 0.29 slpmAir / H2 = 1.1 / 0.29 slpmAir / H2 = 0.6 / 0.29 slpmAir / H2 = 0.8 / 0.5 slpm

70°C DPT / 80°C Inlet / 70°C Cell

Single serpentine flow field (1mm thick SS316) with 0.8 mm wide channel and lands

Air out

Air in

Double plastic window for thermal insulation Heated cover plate

with window

Polycarbonate plate

Graphite bipolar plate

Flow field /Current collector

Current collector

Heated cover plate

Catalyst-coated membrane

Transparent Operational Fuel Cell

Time Evolution at Constant Voltage 0.4V (after OCV)

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

0 10 20 30 40minutes

A/cm

2

50C DPT/ 60C Inlet / 50C cell0.6 slpm Air/ 0.29slpm H2

50C DPT/ 60C Inlet / 50C cell1.1 slpm Air / 0.5 slpm H2

70C DPT/ 80C Inlet / 70C cell1.1 slpm Air / 0.29 slpm H2

t = 1 min t = 20 min t = 40 min

Too wet

Optimal

Too dry

Water management: Simultaneous Optical and Neutron Imaging

Transparent PEMFC

Neutron detector Neutron beam

Camera

Mirror

Optical Image: Cathode Flow Field

• Neutron imaging is a powerful tool for water dynamics and management.

• Neutron imaging gives depth-integrated water content.

• Optical imaging gives surface water content with high temporal resolution.

• Combined approach can give new insights.