Baling of residual forest · 8 Baling of residual forest biomass Harvesting with Whole-tree Bundler...
Transcript of Baling of residual forest · 8 Baling of residual forest biomass Harvesting with Whole-tree Bundler...
Baling of residual forest biomass Antti Asikainen
Finnish Forest Research Institute
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Storyline
• Densification of residual forest biomass
• Development of baling/bundling technologies
• Productivity of biomass bundling
• Costs of bundling based systems
• SWOT analysis of bundlers/balers
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Densification of residual forest biomass • Transport of air is expensive
Logging residues
Whole trees
Wood chips
Baled residues
Round wood
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Development of bundling technologies
• Principle was introduced in 1980’s in Garpenberg, Sweden
• Fiberpac and Woodpac prototypes were constructed in 1990’s in Sweden
• In 2000’s Timberjack bought product rights of Fiberpac and started production
• About 50 bundlers were built
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Bundlers for logging residues
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Bundler for young forest
• 2004 first prototype was introduced
– felling-buching of trees, slow feeding
• 2009 second version
– More efficient engine, stroke feeding head
• 2012 FX 15a was introduced
– Nisula’s cutting head with blades
– Improved productivity
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Harvesting with Whole-tree Bundler Fixteri FX15a • Small whole trees are the most important forest fuel source in
Finland
• Density of whole trees is low -> high transport costs
• Bundling increases density and makes loading/unloading faster
• Smaller area for road-side storage is needed
A joint study of Metla, Skogforsk and Fixteri Oy in 2013 (Björheden & Nuutinen 2013)
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Work conditions in young forests
1999 trees/ha
35-40 years 4033 trees/ha
25-30 years
2836 trees/ha
25-30 years
Young dense no undergrowth
Normal first thinning Young dense rich
undergrowth
3216 trees/ha
27 dm3
2019 trees/ha
44 dm3
1266 trees/ha
84 dm3
817 trees/ha
57 dm3
73/2/24
817 trees/ha
45 dm3
100/0/0
733 trees/ha
76 dm3
86/5/9
Before
cutting
After cutting
Pine/Spruce/Birch
Removal,
whole
trees
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Productivity of bundling
9.7 m3/E0-h in the young dense rich undergrowth
11.9 m3/E0-h young dense no undergrowth.
13.8 m3/E0-h first thinning
11 DELIVERY CHAIN COSTS – ON-SITE CRUSHING
INTERNATIONAL BIOENERGY CONFERENCE, SEPTEMBER 17 2014, HELSINKI
EUR/m3
Whole tree
Stem
Fixteri bale
Average factory price
for forest chips
Average yield volume, dm³
In the on-site crushing chain, the costs of the Fixteri concept remain lower
than the delivery price in all average yield volumes examined. The Fixteri
concept is the most cost-competitive at sites with small tree stock where
the difference between the costs for stem and whole tree is significant.
The costs refer to solid cubic meters
SIPILÄ, E: , PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMY OF FIXTERI BAILING TECHNOLOGY
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Improvement of young stands First thinnings
12 DELIVERY CHAIN COSTS – ROAD-SIDE CHIPPING
EUR/m3
Whole tree
Stem
Fixteri bale
Average factory price
for forest chips
In the road-side chipping chain, the costs of the Fixteri concept remain below
the delivery price when the average yield volume is approximately 40 dm³ or
larger. The Fixteri concept is the most cost-competitive in sites with small
tree stock, but the difference with the costs for whole tree is small.
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Improvement of young stands First thinnings
INTERNATIONAL BIOENERGY CONFERENCE, SEPTEMBER 17 2014, HELSINKI
Average yield volume, dm³ The costs refer to solid cubic meters
SIPILÄ, E: , PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMY OF FIXTERI BAILING TECHNOLOGY
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SWOT of bundling • Strengths
– Transport density increases, lower forwarding and truck transport costs
– Smaller storage area needed
– Cost competitive in early thinnings
• Weaknesses
– High initial investment for bundler
– Very limited stand conditions, where competitive
– Purpose built machine that can not be used for other works
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SWOT of bundling • Opportunities
– Plenty of early thinnings in Finland and also elsewhere in Europe
– Cost competitiveness of the concept can be further increased
• Threaths
– Bundling of fresh trees leads to nutrient losses
– Trend towards bigger energy trees and delimbing of stems
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Naarva felling head, Catalonia, Spain
Source: Lopez, Rodriguez & Navarro, 2014
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Cost structure of machinery
chipper
excavator
large forwarder
forwarder
harvester
Labor cost Capital cost Fuel & maintenance
Share of total costs, % Source:Laitila & al 2010
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Visedo super
capacitor for energy storage
Smaller diesel engine
Lower noice and
emissions
Lower fuel consumption
Diesel electric hybrid chipper, case Kesla
Baling of residual forest biomass
Thank you :: Gracias • Antti Asikainen
• Finnish Forest Research Institute
• +358 50 391 3250
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www.infres.eu
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme
(FP7/2012-2015) under grant agreement nº 311881.