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Balai Bahasa Provinsi Jawa TengahJalan Imam Bardjo, S.H. No.5 Semarang
Telp/Fax +62-24-8448717
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.mli.undip.ac.id/lamas
Proceedings
International Seminar
Language Maintenance and Shift IV
November 18, 2014
xviii+488 hlm. 21 x 29,7 cm
ISSN: 2088-6799
Editors:
Zane Goebel
J. Herudjati Purwoko
Suharno
M. Suryadi
Yusuf Al Arief
International Seminar “Language Maintenance and Shift” IV November 18, 2014
~ iii ~
EDITORS’ NOTE
This international seminar on Language Maintenance and Shift IV (LAMAS IV for short) is a continuation of the previous international seminar with the same theme conducted by the Master Program in Linguistics, Diponegoro University on 18 November 2014. We would like to extend our deepest gratitude to the seminar committee for putting together the seminar that gave rise to this collection of papers. Thanks also go to the Head and the Secretary of the Master Program in Linguistics Diponegoro University, without whom the seminar would not have been possible. The table of contents lists all the papers presented at the seminar: The first four papers are those presented by invited keynote speakers. They are Dr. Sugiyono (Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Jakarta, Indonesia), Dr. Zane Goebel (La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia), Prof. Yudha Thianto, Ph.D. (Trinity Christian College, Illinois, USA), Dr. Deli Nirmala, M.Hum (Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia). In terms of the topic areas, there are 21 papers in applied linguistics, 20 papers in sociolinguistics, 14 papers in theoretical linguistics, 18 papers in discourse/pragmatics, and 13 papers (miscellaneous).
Inte
rna
tiona
l Se
min
ar “
Lang
uag
e M
ain
tena
nce
and
Shi
ft” IV
N
ove
mb
er 1
8, 2
01
4
~ v
~
SCHE
DULE
OF
THE
INTE
RNAT
ION
AL S
EMIN
AR LA
NGU
AGE
MAI
NTE
NAN
CE A
ND
SHIF
T IV
TIME
NA
ME
TITL
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GE
ROOM
CH
AIR
PERS
ON
07.30
- 08
.15
Regi
stra
tion
Lobb
y Co
mmett
ee
08.15
- 08
.30
Open
ing
Kryp
ton
Dean
of F
IB
Undip
08.30
- 09
.00
Keyn
ote S
peak
ers
Kryp
ton
Comm
ettee
Dr
. Sug
iyono
09.00
- 10
.30
Plen
arry
Kryp
ton
Dr. N
urha
yati,
M.Hu
m.
Dr. D
eli N
irmala
, M.H
um.
REPR
ESEN
TATI
ON O
F JA
VANE
SE LA
NGUA
GE M
AINT
ENAN
CE IN
LOCA
L NE
WSP
APER
S IN
CEN
TRAL
JAVA
1-
17
Prof.
Yud
ha T
hianto
, Ph.D
. PR
ONOU
NS IN
SEV
ENTE
ENTH
-CEN
TURY
MAL
AY: A
HIS
TORI
CAL L
INGU
ISTI
CS
STUD
Y OF
EDU
CATI
ONAL
TEX
TS P
UBLIS
HED
BY T
HE V
OC F
OR C
HILD
REN
IN
THE
EAST
INDI
ES
18-2
8
Dr. Z
ane G
oebe
l UN
DERS
TAND
ING
SHIF
TING
LAN
GUAG
ES O
N IN
DONE
SIAN
TEL
EVIS
ION:
UN
DERS
TAND
ING
SOCI
AL V
ALUE
IN L
ATE
CAPI
TALI
SM
29-4
2
10.30
- 10
.45
Coffe
e Bre
ak
Resto
10:45
– 11
:45
Para
llel S
essio
n 1 A
Kryp
ton I
Mode
rator
be
rgan
tian a
ntar
Pema
kalah
dalam
sa
tu ru
ang
Hepy
Sri R
ahay
u Puji
astut
i &
Nia K
urnia
wati
TEAC
HERS
’ COM
PETE
NCES
IN T
EACH
ING
ENGL
ISH
TO Y
OUNG
LEAR
NERS
IN
ELEM
ENTA
RY S
CHOO
L 43
-49
I Nyo
man A
ryawi
bawa
TH
E AC
QUIS
ITIO
N OF
UNI
VERS
AL Q
UANT
IFIE
RS IN
INDO
NESI
AN (I
SO 63
9-3:
IND)
: A P
RELIM
INAR
Y RE
PORT
50
-55
Juria
nto
LEXI
CAL
ERRO
RS IN
THE
ARG
UMEN
TATI
VE E
SSAY
S W
RITT
EN B
Y EN
GLIS
H DE
PART
MEN
T ST
UDEN
TS O
F AI
RLAN
GGA
UNIV
ERSI
TY
56-6
1
10:45
– 11
:45
Para
llel S
essio
n 1 B
Kryp
ton II
Mo
dera
tor
berg
antia
n anta
r Pe
maka
lah da
lam
satu
ruan
g
Ahma
d Mub
arok
KO
NSEP
BER
KEHI
DUPA
N DA
LAM
PAPA
DAH
BANJ
AR
157-
162
Febr
ina N
adeli
a ME
NGUN
GKAP
NILA
I KEA
RIFA
N LO
KAL D
AN E
KSIS
TENS
I NAM
A-NA
MA
MAKA
NAN
TRAD
ISIO
NAL S
UNDA
BER
BAHA
N DA
SAR
SING
KONG
: KAJ
IAN
ANTR
OPOL
INGU
ISTI
K DI
KOT
A BA
NDUN
G 16
9-17
3
I Nen
gah S
udipa
MA
INTA
ININ
G BA
LINES
E LA
NGUA
GE T
HROU
GH W
RITI
NG S
HORT
STO
RIES
IN
BALI
ORTI
17
4-17
6
10:45
– 11
:45
Para
llel S
essio
n 1 C
Kryp
ton III
Mo
dera
tor
berg
antia
n anta
r Pe
maka
lah da
lam
satu
ruan
g
Agen
g Sutr
isno
& Ci
ndy I
ntan
Audy
a Putr
i RE
EXAM
ININ
G LE
XICA
L VA
RIAT
ION
IN D
ATAR
VILL
AGE:
THE
CAS
E OF
VER
B 26
0-26
4
Ahdi
Riyo
no
LEKS
IKON
PER
TANI
AN D
ALAM
BAH
ASA
JAW
A DI
KAB
UPAT
EN K
UDUS
: KAJ
IAN
ETNO
LINGU
ISTI
K 26
5-26
9
Emilia
Nini
k Ayd
awati
TH
E KN
OWLE
DGE
OF P
ROSO
DY IN
HEL
PING
STU
DENT
S RE
SPON
SE
UTTE
RANC
ES A
PPRO
PRIA
TELY
27
0-27
3
Inte
rna
tiona
l Se
min
ar “
Lang
uag
e M
ain
tena
nce
and
Shi
ft” IV
N
ove
mb
er 1
8, 2
01
4
~ v
i ~
TIME
NA
ME
TITL
E PA
GE
ROOM
CH
AIR
PERS
ON
11:45
– 12
:45
Para
llel S
essio
n 2 A
Kryp
ton I
Mode
rator
be
rgan
tian a
ntar
Pema
kalah
dalam
sa
tu ru
ang
Agus
Sur
yana
W
ACAN
A DE
MOKR
ASI D
ALAM
PER
SFEK
TIF
TABL
OID
MEDI
A UM
AT
331-
335
Akma
l & M
aria
Yose
phin
Wl &
Sr
i Wah
yuni
THE
CHAR
ACTE
RIST
ICS
OF E
NGLIS
H AD
VERT
ISEM
ENTS
CRE
ATED
BY
STUD
ENTS
OF
BUSI
NESS
ENG
LISH
CLAS
S AT
PGR
I UNI
VERS
ITY
SEM
ARAN
G.
LEMB
AGA
PENE
LITIA
N DA
N PE
NGAB
DIAN
PAD
A MA
SYAR
AKAT
, UNI
VERS
ITAS
PG
RI S
EMAR
ANG
336-
340
Ch. E
vy T
ri Widy
ahen
ing
DICT
ION
IN A
DRA
MA
ENTI
TLED
‘ROM
EO A
ND JU
LIET
’ BY
WILL
IAM
SHAK
ESPE
ARE
341-
344
11:45
– 12
:45
Para
llel S
essio
n 2 B
Kryp
ton II
Mo
dera
tor
berg
antia
n anta
r Pe
maka
lah da
lam
satu
ruan
g
Koes
wand
i DE
VELO
PING
AN
ENGL
ISH
INST
RUCT
IONA
L MOD
EL O
F RE
ADIN
G CO
MPRE
HENS
ION
USIN
G QT
M FO
R JH
S 62
-67
Agus
Sub
iyanto
DE
TERM
INER
PHR
ASES
IN N
INET
EENT
H-CE
NTUR
Y MA
LAY
471-
475
Nyom
an K
arina
Wed
hanti
MU
LTIC
ULTU
RAL F
OLKT
ALES
IN E
NGLI
SH L
ANGU
AGE
TEAC
HING
: PR
OMOT
ING
COMM
ONAL
ITY
IN D
IVER
SITY
68
-71
11:45
– 12
:45
Para
llel S
essio
n 2 C
Kryp
ton III
Mo
dera
tor
berg
antia
n anta
r Pe
maka
lah da
lam
satu
ruan
g
I Nyo
man M
ulian
a MA
INTA
ININ
G BA
LINES
E LA
NGUA
GE T
HROU
GH S
CHOO
L PRO
GRAM
S IN
BAL
I 17
7-18
0 Iqb
al Nu
rul A
zhar
PE
TA S
OSIO
DIAL
EKTO
LOGI
S MA
DURA
18
1-18
6
Kenfi
tria D
iah W
ijaya
nti
BENT
UK D
AN F
UNGS
I PIS
UHAN
BAH
ASA
JAW
A: S
UATU
KAJ
IAN
SOSI
OPRA
GMAT
IK
187-
190
12.45
- 13
.45
BREA
K Re
sto
13:45
– 14
:45
Para
llel S
essio
n 3 A
Kryp
ton I
Mode
rator
be
rgan
tian a
ntar
Pema
kalah
dalam
sa
tu ru
ang
Gede
Prim
ahad
i-Wija
ya-R
. VI
SUAL
ISAT
ION
OF D
IACH
RONI
C CO
NSTR
UCTI
ONAL
CHA
NGE
USIN
G MO
TION
CH
ART
274-
277
I Nyo
man U
daya
na
INCH
OATI
VE V
ERBS
IN IN
DONE
SIAN
27
8-28
2 To
m Co
nner
s & Jo
zina
Vand
er
Klok
LA
NGUA
GE D
OCUM
ENTA
TION
ON
JAVA
NESE
: A S
HIFT
TOW
ARDS
RE
COGN
IZIN
G AN
D CE
LEBR
ATIN
G CO
LLOQ
UIAL
VAR
IETI
ES
283-
288
13:45
– 14
:45
Para
llel S
essio
n 3 B
Kryp
ton II
Mo
dera
tor
berg
antia
n anta
r Pe
maka
lah da
lam
satu
ruan
g
Mohd
. Ras
di Sa
amah
& A
bu
Hass
an A
bdul
METR
OLOG
I DAL
AM P
ERIB
AHAS
A SU
KU K
AUM
SEM
AI: S
ATU
KAJIA
N SE
MAN
TIK
345-
349
P. A
ri Su
bagy
o PE
MAH
AMAN
DAN
PEN
GGUN
AAN
CANG
KRIM
AN O
LEH
MAS
YARA
KAT
JAW
A SE
KARA
NG
356-
361
Suge
ng Ir
ianto
"C
RITI
CAL D
ISCO
URSE
ANA
LYSI
S ON
IDEO
LOGY
OF
NEGA
RA IS
LAM
INDO
NESI
A (N
II) G
ROUP
, IND
ONES
IAN
GOVE
RNME
NT, A
ND T
HE JA
KART
A PO
ST R
EPRE
SENT
ED T
HROU
GH E
DITO
RIAL
S AN
D HE
ADLIN
ES O
F TH
E JA
KART
A PO
ST"
362-
366
Inte
rna
tiona
l Se
min
ar “
Lang
uag
e M
ain
tena
nce
and
Shi
ft” IV
N
ove
mb
er 1
8, 2
01
4
~ v
ii ~
TIME
NA
ME
TITL
E PA
GE
ROOM
CH
AIR
PERS
ON
13:45
– 14
:45
Para
llel S
essio
n 3 C
Kryp
ton III
Mo
dera
tor
berg
antia
n anta
r Pe
maka
lah da
lam
satu
ruan
g
Suma
rlam
& Sr
i Pam
ungk
as
KARA
KTER
ISTI
K BA
HASA
ANA
K-AN
AK D
OWN
SYND
ROM
E DI
KAM
PUNG
DOW
N SY
NDRO
ME
KABU
PATE
N PO
NORO
GO (S
UATU
TIN
JAUA
N PS
IKOL
INGU
ISTI
K)
72-7
7
Wen
ing S
ahay
u KO
NSTR
UKSI
NAM
A DI
RI JA
WA
DAN
JERM
AN: K
AJIA
N CR
OSS
CULT
URE
UNDE
RSTA
NDIN
G 78
-82
Yenn
y Har
tanto
FO
REIG
NERS
’PER
CEPT
IONS
TOW
ARDS
INDO
NESI
AN C
ULTU
RE: A
PIE
CE O
F ST
UDY
ON C
CU
83-8
7
14.45
- 15
.30
Sess
ion
A
Matrix
Co
mmett
ee
Maula
na T
eguh
Per
dana
AN
ALIS
IS M
ETOD
E PE
NERJ
EMAH
AN D
ALAM
MEN
ERJE
MAHK
AN N
OVEL
THE
HU
NGER
GAM
ES
88-9
2
Moh.
Aniq
Kh.B
. FR
OM LI
TERA
CY T
O ID
EOLO
GY: S
EMAN
TIC
SHIF
T ON
THE
REP
RESE
NTAT
ION
OF “T
UHAN
” MEA
NING
93
-96
Nafis
a Gha
nima
Shan
ty SH
APIN
G CO
MPU
TER
MEDI
ATED
COM
MUN
ICAT
ION
(CMC
) ON
YOUT
UBE
VIDE
O CO
MMEN
TS T
OWAR
D JA
VANE
SE B
OSSA
NOVA
AS
THE
MEDI
A TO
PR
ESER
VE JA
VANE
SE C
OLLO
QUIA
L LAN
GUAG
E 97
-102
Nurvi
ta An
jarsa
ri ST
RATE
GI P
ENER
JEMA
HAN
ISTI
LAH
BUDA
YA D
ALAM
KOM
IK ‘K
ISAH
PE
TUAL
ANGA
N TI
NTIN
: CER
UTU
SANG
FAR
AOH’
10
3-10
8
Resti
Wah
yuni
& F.
X. P
aula
Erali
na H
adom
i UT
ILIZI
NG E
XPER
IENT
IAL M
EANI
NG F
OR A
NALY
ZING
TEA
CHER
S’ LE
SSON
PL
ANS:
A M
ETAF
UNCT
IONS
OF
SYST
EMIC
FUN
CTIO
NAL G
RAMM
AR
109-
113
Retno
Wula
ndar
i & S
iti Fa
uliya
h W
AYS
TO T
RANS
LATE
ADD
RESS
TER
MS F
ROM
INDO
NESI
AN IN
TO E
NGLI
SH: A
CA
SE S
TUDY
IN K
ETIK
A CI
NTA
BERT
ASBI
H II M
OVIE
11
4-11
7
Rica
S. W
urya
ningr
um
INTE
GRAT
ING
CULT
URE,
SON
G LY
RICS
AND
TEC
HNOL
OGY
IN T
RANS
LATI
ON
CLAS
S 11
8-12
4
Rukn
i Sety
awati
PE
NANA
MAN
NILA
I-NILA
I PEN
DIDI
KAN
KARA
KTER
MEL
ALUI
MED
IA G
AMBA
R SE
BAGA
I UPA
YA U
NTUK
MEN
UMBU
HKAN
MIN
AT M
ENUL
IS S
ISW
A 12
5-12
9
Suma
rwati
SO
AL C
ERIT
A MA
TEMA
TIKA
UNT
UK S
ISW
A KE
LAS
REND
AH S
EKOL
AH D
ASAR
DI
KAW
ASAN
PED
ESAA
N: A
NALIS
IS S
TRUK
TUR
SEM
ANTI
K
130-
135
Inte
rna
tiona
l Se
min
ar “
Lang
uag
e M
ain
tena
nce
and
Shi
ft” IV
N
ove
mb
er 1
8, 2
01
4
~ v
iii ~
TIME
NA
ME
TITL
E PA
GE
ROOM
CH
AIR
PERS
ON
14.45
- 15
.30
Sess
ion
B
Matrix
Co
mmett
ee
Sutar
sih
PEM
BELA
JARA
N BA
HASA
INDO
NESI
A BI
DANG
POL
ITIK
DI M
EDIA
MAS
SA
136-
139
Syaif
ur R
ochm
an
RESE
ARCH
ING
THE
USE
OF D
ICTI
ONAR
Y BY
STU
DENT
S OF
ENG
LISH
LIT
ERAT
URE
DEPA
RTME
NT A
T JE
NDER
AL S
OEDI
RMAN
UNI
VERS
ITY
140-
144
Titin
Lesta
ri CO
MMOD
ITY
FETI
SHIS
MS IN
COS
METI
C AD
VERT
ISEM
ENTS
IN IN
DONE
SIA
145-
149
Cicik
Tri J
ayan
ti HU
BUNG
AN S
IMBO
L-SI
MBOL
“KES
UCIA
N” D
ALAM
PEN
AMAA
N TE
MPAT
DI
KABU
PATE
N LU
MAJ
ANG:
STU
DI E
TNOG
RAFI
S TE
RHAD
AP L
EGEN
DA
PENA
MAA
N W
ILAYA
H KA
BUPA
TEN
LUMA
JANG
20
4-20
9
Erfan
Gaz
ali
ALIH
AKS
ARA
‘C’ D
ALAM
NAM
A IN
DONE
SIA
KE B
AHAS
A AR
AB
210-
213
Erna
Sun
arti
CODE
SW
ITCH
ING
AND
CODE
MIX
ING
IN M
ULTI
LANG
UAGE
COM
MUNI
TY C
ASE
STUD
Y IN
BAL
AI LP
PU-U
NDIP
SEM
ARAN
G 21
4-21
9
Ihda R
osdia
na &
Ekfi
ndar
Di
liana
TE
GALN
ESE
YOUT
H AT
TITU
DE T
OWAR
DS B
AHAS
A JA
WA
NGOK
O RE
FLEC
TED
IN S
OCIA
L MED
IA U
SAGE
AND
CLO
THIN
G IN
DUST
RY A
S AN
EFF
ORT
OF
LANG
UAGE
MAI
NTEN
ANCE
22
0-22
4
La In
o KE
KERA
BATA
N BA
HASA
WAW
ONII,
MORO
NENE
, DAN
KUL
ISUS
U (K
AJIA
N LIN
GUST
IK H
ISTO
RIS
KOM
PARA
TIF)
22
5-23
0
M. S
urya
di KE
HEBA
TAN
DAN
KEUN
IKAN
BAS
A SE
MARA
NGAN
23
1-23
6
14.45
- 15
.30
Sess
ion
C
Matrix
Co
mmett
ee
Muha
mmad
Ray
han B
ustam
AL
IH D
AN C
AMPU
R KO
DE M
AHAS
ISW
A PE
MBEL
AJAR
BAH
ASA
INGG
RIS
DI
MEDI
A SO
SIAL
FAC
EBOO
K: T
REN
ATAU
KEB
UTUH
AN? (
STUD
I KAS
US K
AJIA
N SO
SIOL
INGU
ISTI
K PA
DA G
ROUP
MAH
ASIS
WA
SAST
RA IN
GGRI
S UN
IVER
SITA
S KO
MPUT
ER IN
DONE
SIA
(UNI
KOM)
BAN
DUNG
DI F
ACEB
OOK)
23
7-24
2
Saida
tun N
afisa
h CH
OICE
OF
LANG
UAGE
IN JO
B TI
TLES
AT
VACA
NCY
ADVE
RTIS
EMEN
TS
243-
246
Udin
Kami
luddin
GR
OUND
ING
IN F
ACE-
TO-F
ACE
CONV
ERSA
TION
: AN
ETHN
OGRA
PHY
STUD
Y 24
7-25
2 Aj
ar P
radik
a Ana
nta T
ur
MBOK
: ITS
DIST
RIBU
TION
, MEA
NING
, AND
FUN
CTIO
N 28
7-29
2
Asri W
ijaya
nti
LEKS
IKON
BUS
ANA
MUSL
IMAH
INDO
NESI
A (K
AJAN
LING
UIST
IK
ANTR
OPOL
OGIS
) 29
3-29
8
Ida B
agus
Putr
ayas
a PE
NYUS
UNAN
KAM
US H
OMON
IM U
NTUK
PEL
AJAR
29
9-30
2 La
lu Er
wan H
usna
n &
Damh
ujin
KALIM
AT B
AHAS
A SA
MAW
A-M
ATEM
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CAT
ATAN
PEN
ELIT
IAN
DAER
AH
TERP
ENCI
L SE
BAGA
I UPA
YA P
EMER
TAHA
NAN
BAHA
SA IB
U 30
3-30
7
Ning
rum
Tres
nasa
ri GO
ROAW
ASE
DALA
M BA
HASA
JEPA
NG
308-
313
Priha
ntoro
KO
RESP
ONDE
NSI P
ERUB
AHAN
LING
KUNG
AN D
AN C
AREG
IVER
TER
HADA
P KO
MPET
ENSI
LING
UIST
IK D
AN K
OMUN
IKAS
I ANA
K (S
TUDI
KAS
US P
ADA
AP)
314-
318
Inte
rna
tiona
l Se
min
ar “
Lang
uag
e M
ain
tena
nce
and
Shi
ft” IV
N
ove
mb
er 1
8, 2
01
4
~ ix
~
TIME
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ion
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mmett
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SUBS
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MAN
31
9-32
3
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ad D
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han
FUNG
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TUR
WAC
ANA
RUBR
IK K
ONSU
LTAS
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S PA
DA M
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ON
LINE
KOM
PAS.
COM
36
4-36
7
Asih
Priha
ndini
dan J
uand
a BR
IDGI
NG S
EBAG
AI A
LAT
PAGA
R KE
SANT
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BER
BAHA
SA D
ALAM
MED
IA
SMS
368-
372
Farik
ah
ANAL
YSIS
OF
THE
SCHE
MATI
C ST
RUCT
URES
OF
THE
STUD
ENTS
’ WRI
TTEN
RE
PORT
TEX
TS
373-
376
Fida P
ange
sti
FENO
MENA
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YAPA
N: S
TUDI
KON
TRAS
TIF
TERH
ADAP
TUT
URAN
TE
RENC
ANA
DAN
TUTU
RAN
SPON
TAN
37
7-38
2
Lisdia
na A
nita
THE
EXIS
TENC
E OF
CIN
EMA
TERM
S IN
TAR
AKAN
TEE
NAGE
RS’ D
AILY
CO
MMUN
ICAT
ION
38
3-38
7
Martv
erna
d & A
dha R
itnas
ih Gr
iyani
META
FORA
DAL
AM K
OMUN
IKAS
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AYAK
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AN G
A’AI
38
8-39
3
Nugr
ahen
i Eko
War
dani
A ST
YLIS
TIC
ANAL
YSIS
OF
THE
POEM
S OF
WIJI
THU
KUL
394-
399
Nuke
n Tad
zkiro
h Lek
so
ANAL
ISIS
WAC
ANA
PELA
NGGA
RAN
PRIN
SIP
KERJ
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(ILK)
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NI 20
14 D
I STA
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7 40
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5
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ion
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mmett
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Sabil
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GATI
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JWA
‘HAB
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406-
411
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no
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RAPA
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P KE
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IP K
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TUNA
N DA
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GUR
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AMAN
KAN
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ANAK
41
2-41
8
Ivan C
habib
ilah
THE
IMPO
RTAN
CE O
F IN
TERG
ENER
ATIO
NAL
TRAN
SMIS
SION
OF
LANG
UAGE
41
9-42
1
Juria
nto &
Sali
mah
USIN
G VA
RIOU
S W
RITI
NG R
ESOU
RCES
TO
PROM
OTE
COLL
ABOR
ATIV
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MOSP
HERE
IN LE
ARNI
NG W
RITI
NG S
KILL
S 42
2-42
7
Maha
bbatu
l Cam
alia
KOMP
ARAS
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AFSI
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KEPR
IBAD
IAN
BUDA
YA JA
WA
BERD
ASAR
KAN
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MPO
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TUT
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PEN
GHUN
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AS II
B LA
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I 42
8-43
3
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Tjat
urrin
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NGAR
UH B
UDAY
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LAM
PEMB
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BAH
ASA
(ASI
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434-
437
Laks
anan
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ukti
REGI
STER
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D AC
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MS
IN B
OARD
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SCHO
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438-
441
Nunu
ng S
upria
di PE
MER
TAHA
NAN
BAHA
SA ‘D
IALE
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ANDA
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PAD
A MA
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HUA
DI P
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442-
445
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ati &
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ACHE
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JAVA
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GUAG
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INTE
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IN R
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446-
449
Inte
rna
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min
ar “
Lang
uag
e M
ain
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nce
and
Shi
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N
ove
mb
er 1
8, 2
01
4
~ x
~
TIME
NA
ME
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CH
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SURA
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45
0-46
0
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461-
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S 46
6-47
0
15:30
– 16
:30
Para
llel S
essio
n 4 A
Kryp
ton I
Mode
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be
rgan
tian a
ntar
Pema
kalah
dalam
sa
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anna
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184-
188
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lash A
brar
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LANG
UAGE
: BILI
NGUA
LS’ V
OICE
S 18
9-19
4
Wati
Kur
niawa
ti VA
RIAS
I BAH
ASA
LAMP
UNG
BERD
ASAR
KAN
PERB
EDAA
N ET
IMON
DI
PROV
INSI
LAM
PUNG
19
5-19
9
15:30
– 16
:30
Para
llel S
essio
n 4 B
Kryp
ton II
Mo
dera
tor
berg
antia
n anta
r Pe
maka
lah da
lam
satu
ruan
g
Wism
an H
adi
NETR
ALIS
ASI V
OKAL
PAD
A RE
DUPL
IKAS
I BAH
ASA
MEL
AYU
LANG
KAT
282-
286
Yose
ph Y
api T
aum
BAHA
SA, W
ACAN
A, D
AN K
EKUA
SAAN
DAL
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3 No
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& A
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3-34
8
15:30
– 16
:30
Para
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Kryp
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Mo
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tor
berg
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maka
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lam
satu
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45
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– 16
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Clos
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of B
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6-48
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International Seminar “Language Maintenance and Shift” IV November 18, 2014
~ xi ~
TABLE OF CONTENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR
LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE AND SHIFT IV
PRONOUNS IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY MALAY: A HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS STUDY OF EDUCATIONAL TEXTS PUBLISHED BY THE VOC FOR CHILDREN IN THE EAST INDIES Dr. Deli Nirmala, M.Hum. 1
REPRESENTATION OF JAVANESE LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE IN LOCAL NEWSPAPERS IN CENTRAL JAVA Prof. Yudha Thianto, Ph. D. 18
UNDERSTANDING SHIFTING LANGUAGES ON INDONESIAN TELEVISION: UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL VALUE IN LATE CAPITALISM Zane Goebel 29
TEACHERS’ COMPETENCES IN TEACHING ENGLISH TO YOUNG LEARNERS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL Hepy Sri Rahayu Pujiastuti & Nia Kurniawati 43
THE ACQUISITION OF UNIVERSAL QUANTIFIERS IN INDONESIAN (ISO 639-3: IND): A PRELIMINARY REPORT I Nyoman Aryawibawa 50
LEXICAL ERRORS IN THE ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAYS WRITTEN BY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF AIRLANGGA UNIVERSITY Jurianto 56
DEVELOPING AN ENGLISH INSTRUCTIONAL MODEL OF READING COMPREHENSION USING QTM FOR JHS Koeswandi 62
MULTICULTURAL FOLKTALES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING: PROMOTING COMMONALITY IN DIVERSITY Nyoman Karina Wedhanti 68
KARAKTERISTIK BAHASA ANAK-ANAK DOWN SYNDROME DI KAMPUNG DOWN SYNDROME KABUPATEN PONOROGO (SUATU TINJAUAN PSIKOLINGUISTIK) Sumarlam & Sri Pamungkas 72
KONSTRUKSI NAMA DIRI JAWA DAN JERMAN: KAJIAN CROSS CULTURE UNDERSTANDING Wening Sahayu 78
FOREIGNERS’PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS INDONESIAN CULTURE: A PIECE OF STUDY ON CCU Yenny Hartanto 83
ANALISIS METODE PENERJEMAHAN DALAM MENERJEMAHKAN NOVEL THE HUNGER GAMES Maulana Teguh Perdana 88
International Seminar “Language Maintenance and Shift” IV November 18, 2014
~ xii ~
FROM LITERACY TO IDEOLOGY: SEMANTIC SHIFT ON THE REPRESENTATION OF “TUHAN” MEANING Moh. Aniq Kh.B. 93
SHAPING COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION (CMC) ON YOUTUBE VIDEO COMMENTS TOWARD JAVANESE BOSSANOVA AS THE MEDIA TO PRESERVE JAVANESE COLLOQUIAL LANGUAGE Nafisa Ghanima Shanty 97
STRATEGI PENERJEMAHAN ISTILAH BUDAYA DALAM KOMIK ‘KISAH PETUALANGAN TINTIN: CERUTU SANG FARAOH’ Nurvita Anjarsari 103
UTILIZING EXPERIENTIAL MEANING FOR ANALYZING TEACHERS’ LESSON PLANS: A METAFUNCTIONS OF SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR Resti Wahyuni & F.X. Paula Eralina Hadomi 109
WAYS TO TRANSLATE ADDRESS TERMS FROM INDONESIAN INTO ENGLISH: A CASE STUDY IN KETIKA CINTA BERTASBIH II MOVIE Retno Wulandari 114
INTEGRATING CULTURE, SONG LYRICS AND TECHNOLOGY IN TRANSLATION CLASS Rica S. Wuryaningrum 118
PENANAMAN NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER MELALUI MEDIA GAMBAR SEBAGAI UPAYA UNTUK MENUMBUHKAN MINAT MENULIS SISWA Rukni Setyawati 125
SOAL CERITA MATEMATIKA UNTUK SISWA KELAS RENDAH SEKOLAH DASAR DI KAWASAN PEDESAAN: ANALISIS STRUKTUR SEMANTIK Sumarwati 130
PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA BIDANG POLITIK DI MEDIA MASSA Sutarsih 136
RESEARCHING THE USE OF DICTIONARY BY STUDENTS OF ENGLISH LITERATURE DEPARTMENT AT JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN UNIVERSITY Syaifur Rochman 140
COMMODITY FETISHISMS IN COSMETIC ADVERTISEMENTS IN INDONESIA Titin Lestari 145
KONSEP BERKEHIDUPAN DALAM PAPADAH BANJAR Ahmad Mubarok 150
THE LANGUAGE USED IN THE LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE FOUND IN THE WESTERN PART OF SURABAYA Erlita Rusnaningtias 156
MENGUNGKAP NILAI KEARIFAN LOKAL DAN EKSISTENSI NAMA-NAMA MAKANAN TRADISIONAL SUNDA BERBAHAN DASAR SINGKONG: KAJIAN ANTROPOLINGUISTIK DI KOTA BANDUNG Febrina Nadelia 162
International Seminar “Language Maintenance and Shift” IV November 18, 2014
~ xiii ~
MAINTAINING BALINESE LANGUAGE THROUGH WRITING SHORT STORIES IN BALI ORTI I Nengah Sudipa 167
MAINTAINING BALINESE LANGUAGE THROUGH SCHOOL PROGRAMS IN BALI I Nyoman Muliana 170
PETA SOSIODIALEKTOLOGIS MADURA Iqbal Nurul Azhar 174
BENTUK DAN FUNGSI PISUHAN BAHASA JAWA: SUATU KAJIAN SOSIOPRAGMATIK Kenfitria Diah Wijayanti 180
BAHASA SIMBOL DALAM KOMUNIKASI BUDAYA (SUATU KAJIAN MAKNA BUDAYA DALAM PERKAWINAN ADAT BUGIS MAKASAR) Misnah Mannahali 184
MAINTAINING FIRST LANGUAGE: BILINGUALS’ VOICES Mukhlash Abrar 189
VARIASI BAHASA LAMPUNG BERDASARKAN PERBEDAAN ETIMON DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG Wati Kurniawati 195
PENGARUH INTERFERENSI KOSA KATA ASING DALAM LIRIK LAGU INDONESIA Yetty Morelent & Syofiani 200
HUBUNGAN SIMBOL-SIMBOL “KESUCIAN” DALAM PENAMAAN TEMPAT DI KABUPATEN LUMAJANG: STUDI ETNOGRAFIS TERHADAP LEGENDA PENAMAAN WILAYAH KABUPATEN LUMAJANG Cicik Tri Jayanti 204
ALIH AKSARA ‘C’ DALAM NAMA INDONESIA KE BAHASA ARAB Erfan Gazali 210
CODE SWITCHING AND CODE MIXING IN MULTILANGUAGE COMMUNITY CASE STUDY IN BALAI LPPU-UNDIP SEMARANG Erna Sunarti 214
TEGALNESE YOUTH ATTITUDE TOWARDS BAHASA JAWA NGOKO REFLECTED IN SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE AND CLOTHING INDUSTRY AS AN EFFORT OF LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE Ihda Rosdiana & Ekfindar Diliana 220 KEKERABATAN BAHASA WAWONII, MORONENE, DAN KULISUSU (KAJIAN LINGUSTIK HISTORIS KOMPARATIF) La Ino 225
KEHEBATAN DAN KEUNIKAN BASA SEMARANGAN M. Suryadi 231
International Seminar “Language Maintenance and Shift” IV November 18, 2014
~ xiv ~
ALIH DAN CAMPUR KODE MAHASISWA PEMBELAJAR BAHASA INGGRIS DI MEDIA SOSIAL FACEBOOK: TREN ATAU KEBUTUHAN? (STUDI KASUS KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK PADA GROUP MAHASISWA SASTRA INGGRIS UNIVERSITAS KOMPUTER INDONESIA (UNIKOM) BANDUNG DI FACEBOOK) Muhammad Rayhan Bustam 237
CHOICE OF LANGUAGE IN JOB TITLES AT VACANCY ADVERTISEMENTS Saidatun Nafisah 243
GROUNDING IN FACE-TO-FACE CONVERSATION: AN ETHNOGRAPHY STUDY Udin Kamiluddin 247
REEXAMINING LEXICAL VARIATION IN DATAR VILLAGE: THE CASE OF VERB Ageng Sutrisno & Cindy Intan Audya Putri 253
LEKSIKON PERTANIAN DALAM BAHASA JAWA DI KABUPATEN KUDUS: KAJIAN ETNOLINGUISTIK Ahdi Riyono 258
THE KNOWLEDGE OF PROSODY IN HELPING STUDENTS RESPONSE UTTERANCES APPROPRIATELY Emilia Ninik Aydawati 263
VISUALISATION OF DIACHRONIC CONSTRUCTIONAL CHANGE USING MOTION CHART Gede Primahadi-Wijaya-R. 267
INCHOATIVE VERBS IN INDONESIAN I Nyoman Udayana 271
LANGUAGE DOCUMENTATION ON JAVANESE: A SHIFT TOWARDS RECOGNIZING AND CELEBRATING COLLOQUIAL VARIETIES Tom Conners & Jozina Vander Klok 276
NETRALISASI VOKAL PADA REDUPLIKASI BAHASA MELAYU LANGKAT Wisman Hadi 282
MBOK: ITS DISTRIBUTION, MEANING, AND FUNCTION Ajar Pradika Ananta Tur 287
LEKSIKON BUSANA MUSLIMAH INDONESIA (KAJAN LINGUISTIK ANTROPOLOGIS) Asri Wijayanti 293
PENYUSUNAN KAMUS HOMONIM UNTUK PELAJAR Ida Bagus Putrayasa 299 KALIMAT BAHASA SAMAWA-MATEMEGA: CATATAN PENELITIAN DAERAH TERPENCIL SEBAGAI UPAYA PEMERTAHANAN BAHASA IBU Lalu Erwan Husnan & Damhujin 303
GOROAWASE DALAM BAHASA JEPANG Ningrum Tresnasari 308
International Seminar “Language Maintenance and Shift” IV November 18, 2014
~ xv ~
KORESPONDENSI PERUBAHAN LINGKUNGAN DAN CAREGIVER TERHADAP KOMPETENSI LINGUISTIK DAN KOMUNIKASI ANAK (STUDI KASUS PADA AP) Prihantoro 314
SUBSTANTIVWÖRTER IN GERMAN Sulis Triyono 319
WACANA DEMOKRASI DALAM PERSFEKTIF TABLOID MEDIA UMAT Agus Suryana 324
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ENGLISH ADVERTISEMENTS CREATED BY STUDENTS OF BUSINESS ENGLISH CLASS AT PGRI UNIVERSITY SEMARANG. LEMBAGA PENELITIAN DAN PENGABDIAN PADA MASYARAKAT, UNIVERSITAS PGRI SEMARANG Akmal & Maria Yosephin WL & Sri Wahyuni 329
DICTION IN A DRAMA ENTITLED ‘ROMEO AND JULIET’ BY WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Ch. Evy Tri Widyahening 334
METROLOGI DALAM PERIBAHASA SUKU KAUM SEMAI: SATU KAJIAN SEMANTIK Mohd. Rasdi Saamah & Abu Hassan Abdul 338
METAFORA ‘KEPALA’ DALAM PEMIKIRAN MELAYU: ANALISIS TEORI BLENDING Nor Asiah Ismail & Norliza Jamaluddin & Anida Sarudin 343
PEMAHAMAN DAN PENGGUNAAN CANGKRIMAN OLEH MASYARAKAT JAWA SEKARANG P. Ari Subagyo 349
"CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON IDEOLOGY OF NEGARA ISLAM INDONESIA (NII) GROUP, INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT, AND THE JAKARTA POST REPRESENTED THROUGH EDITORIALS AND HEADLINES OF THE JAKARTA POST" Sugeng Irianto 355
BAHASA, WACANA, DAN KEKUASAAN DALAM KONSTRUKSI G30S Yoseph Yapi Taum 360
FUNGSI TINDAK TUTUR WACANA RUBRIK KONSULTASI SEKS PADA MEDIA ONLINE KOMPAS.COM Achmad Dicky Romadhan 364
BRIDGING SEBAGAI ALAT PAGAR KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA DALAM MEDIA SMS Asih Prihandini dan Juanda 368 ANALYSIS OF THE SCHEMATIC STRUCTURES OF THE STUDENTS’ WRITTEN REPORT TEXTS Farikah 373
FENOMENA SENYAPAN: STUDI KONTRASTIF TERHADAP TUTURAN TERENCANA DAN TUTURAN SPONTAN Fida Pangesti 377
International Seminar “Language Maintenance and Shift” IV November 18, 2014
~ xvi ~
THE EXISTENCE OF CINEMA TERMS IN TARAKAN TEENAGERS’ DAILY COMMUNICATION Lisdiana Anita 383
METAFORA DALAM KOMUNIKASI BUDAYA MASYARAKAT DAYAK KAYAN GA’AI Martvernad & Adha Ritnasih Griyani 388
A STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE POEMS OF WIJI THUKUL Nugraheni Eko Wardani 394
ANALISIS WACANA PELANGGARAN PRINSIP KERJA SAMA DALAM ACARA DISKUSI INDONESIA LAWAK KLUB (ILK) EPISODE 4 JUNI 2014 DI STASIUN TELEVISI TRANS7 Nuken Tadzkiroh Lekso 400
NEGATIVE POLITENESS EMPLOYED BY NAJWA SHIHAB IN MATA NAJWA ‘HABIBIE HARI INI’ Sabila Rosdiana 406
PENERAPAN PRINSIP KERJASAMA DAN PEMENUHAN PRINSIP KESANTUNAN DALAM TINDAK TUTUR GURU-GURU TAMAN KANAK-KANAK Surono 412
THE IMPORTANCE OF INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF LANGUAGE Ivan Chabibilah 419
USING VARIOUS WRITING RESOURCES TO PROMOTE COLLABORATIVE ATMOSPHERE IN LEARNING WRITING SKILLS Jurianto & Salimah 422
KOMPARASI PENAFSIRAN KEPRIBADIAN BUDAYA JAWA BERDASARKAN KELOMPOK USIA DALAM TUTURAN PENGHUNI LAPAS II B LAMONGAN KAJIAN ETNOGRAFI KOMUNIKASI Mahabbatul Camalia 428
PENGARUH BUDAYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA (ASING) Dyah Tjaturrini 434
REGISTERS AND ACRONYMS IN BOARDING SCHOOL Laksananing Mukti 438
PEMERTAHANAN BAHASA ‘DIALEK MANDARIN’ PADA MASYARAKAT TIONG HUA DI PURWOKERTO Nunung Supriadi 442 TEACHER’S ROLE OF JAVANESE LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE AMONG INDERGARTEN STUDENTS IN RA AL-MUNA SEMARANG Sartika Hijriati & Anisa Arifiyani 446
METAFORA SIMBOLIS DAN VERBAL TUTURAN PRANATA CARA DALAM UPACARA PANGGIH PENGANTIN CARA JAWA-SURABAYA Wuri Sayekti 450
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RETRIEVING THE SOCIO-POLITICAL HISTORY OF INDONESIAN Herudjati Purwoko 456
CONTESTING REGIONAL, NATIONAL, AND GLOBAL IDENTITIES THROUGH THE ATTITUDE OF INDONESIAN LANGUAGE STUDENTS Nurhayati 461
IMPROVING THE LANGUAGE ACCURACY IN WRITING SKILL THROUGH GROUP DISCUSSION AND ERROR ANALYSIS Suharno 466
DETERMINER PHRASES IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY MALAY Agus Subiyanto 471
COMPLIMENT-RESPONDING IN JAVANESE LANGUAGE Oktiva Herry Chandra 476
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SUBSTANTIVWÖRTER IN GERMAN
Sulis Triyono Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta
Abstract
This paper aims to describe Substantivwörter ’noun’ in German. Substantivwörter can be: (1) Artikelwort ’article’, (2) Adjetiv vor sich ’adjective modifying a noun’, (3) ein weiteres Substantiv (als Attribut im Genetiv oder Präpositionalkasus) ’nominal functioning as an attribute in a genetive’, and (4) substantivische Pronomina ’substantive pronoun’. There are six types of Substantivische Pronomina, i.e.: Personalpronomen ’personal pronoun’ such as Ich, du, er; Interrogativpronomen ’interrogative pronoun’ such as wer, was, and welche; Demonstrativpronomen ’demonstrative pronoun’ (dieser, jener, and ein solcher); Indefinitpronomen ’indefinite pronoun’ (einige, mache, and allen); Possesivpronomen ’possessive pronoun’ (wessen and wem); and Relativpronomen ’relative pronoun’ (ein Bild replaced by es or das). Substantivwörter function to express (1) Gattungsnamen and (2) Eigenamen. Gattungsnamen or Appelativa are used to name fruits and jobs. Gattungsnamen function to name concrete objects such as Gold ’gold, Schnee ’snow’ and to describe one’s characters or personality such as Härte ’hard’ and Klugheit ’smart’. Besides, Gattungsnamen are used to express kinship relationships such as Onkel ’uncle’ and Grossvater ’grandfather’; and (2) Eigenamen ’proper nouns’ function to express Personennamen or to express one’s name comprising Vorname ’first name’ and Familienname ’family name’ such as Helmut Kohl. Eigenamen are used to name a place such as Gothes Haus, a mountain such as der Alpen, and a country such as Deutschland. Eigenamen are also used for Produktnamen to name a building such as Humboldt Universität, a book such as Gothes Faust, a painting such as Monalisa, a ship such as Titanic, and a song title such as Mother John Lennon. Keywords: Substantivwörter
A. Introduction Substantivwörter in German refers to Nomen or ‘noun’. The term noun is universal because it can be found in almost all languages, while the term Substantivwörter is found only in German. The use of the term Substantivwörter in relation to the terminology is to mention Substantivische pronomina ‘pronouns’. The use of nouns is associated with the mention of terms like Nomina actionis ‘actionis nouns’, Nomina acti ‘acti nouns’, Nomina agentis ‘agentis nouns’, Nomina patientis ‘patientis nouns’, Nomina instrumenti ‘instrumenti nouns’, and Nomina qualitatis ‘qualitatis nouns’. However, the use of nouns is not associated with the mention of the term used for the *Substantivwörter actionis, acti, agentis, and *Substantivwörter patientis. The form of Substantivwörter and Nomina ‘nouns’ is written with a capital letter and accompanied by an article to mark the noun gender types. In German, there are three types of gender, namely: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Besides, there is a form of zero (Ø) article nouns, as in the words Bier ‘beer’, zement ‘cement’, and sand ‘sand’ which do not have any article. In certain cases, the form of zero (Ø) article nouns can be possible to have an article as in the sentence below.
(1) Trinkst du Bier? ’(Do) you drink beer?’ Bier in this sentence does not have an article due to zero (Ø) article form. However, the word Bier is able to have an article and is not considered a zero (Ø) article as in the sentence:
(2) Wie trinkt man das Bier? Kalt oder warm? ‘How do people drink beer? cold or warm?’ It is because the syntactic construction that requires an article to a noun. The reason is the
emergence of the question word Wie ‘how’ paired with a verb trinkt followed by the object Akkusativ
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and accompanied by alternative answers kalt oder warm. Thus, the sentence Wie trinkt man das Bier? demands the appearance of the article das on Bier.
In addition, there are suffixed nouns like {-zeug} and {-werk} which are considered zero (Ø) articles like words Spielzeug ‘children’s toy’ and Handwerk ‘handwork’. However, it is easy for German learners to study it and to recognize the type of gender on the nouns. It is because the gender marker which is located on the lingual ie in the form of articles and suffixes. Gender markers in the form of suffixes {-ant} and {-aner} are to mark masculine gender, suffixes {-heit}and {-keit} are to mark feminine gender, and suffixes {-zeug} and {-werk } are to mark neutral gender (neutre). Based on the semantic features, it can be observed that in sentence (1) Trinkst du Bier? the word Bier in the sentence is a zero (Ø) article. In contrast to sentence (2) Wie trinkt man das Bier? the word Bier in the sentence is not a zero (Ø) article because it is paired with the article das. It is in accordance with Helbig / Buscha (2005: 205) who say that Substantivwörter is Artikelwort 'articles' such as the article der for masculine marker, die for feminine markers and das for neuter marker. Besides, they state that there are adjectives which are paired with nouns to form a noun phrase as in schönes Haus (a beautiful house). There is also a noun serving as attributes in genetive such as der neue Mantel des Vaters which means a new coat belongs to the father. Based on the variety of nouns in German, it can be said that Substantivwörter assessment needs to be done.
Based on the foregoing, this article will reveal the forms and the functions of Substantivwörter in German sentences. The problem can be formulated as follows. 1. How is Substantivwörter formations in German? 2. What is its function in German sentences?
Broadly speaking, this paper aims to describe the forms and functions of Substantivwörter in German sentences. B. Literature Review The study of Substantivwörter has been carried out by linguists such as Ulrich Engel, Peter Eisenberg, Gerhard Helbig & Joachim Buscha, Günther Drosdowski, and Paul Grebe. In general, they have the same view in assessing German Substantivwörter. Therefore, this paper will present parts of the linguits’ opinions such as Engel, Eisenberg, and Helbig-Buscha.
Engel (1991: 500) states that in German there are two terms for Substantivwörter ie Nomina ‘nouns’ and Substantive ‘substantive’. Both have the same meaning. However, some terminologies often use the term Nomina atau Nomen ‘noun’ because it is international and used in multiple languages. Furthermore, Engel (1991: 504) states that Substantivwörter essentially has two forms, namely Eigennamen ‘proper name’ and Gattungsnamen ‘object name’. Mostly German language uses Gattungsnamen or Appelativa. Eigennamen is used in a limited scope like Bern referring to the city of Bern, Russland referring to the Russian state, and die Schweizer to call Switzerland people. Gattungsnamen or Appelativa are used to refer to all nouns such Nomina actionis, Nomina acti, Nomina agentis, and Nomina patientis.
Eisenberg (1994: 151) states that in relation to Substantivparadigma, its lingual construction is relatively similar to Verbparadigma. Substantivparadigma changes its form according to the case. Verbparadigma determines the changing of the case. Substantivparadigma consists of eight forms: four on singular cases and four on plural ones. The category for Nominativ, Genetiv, Dativ, and Akkusativ cases is an entity of Substantiv, as does Numeruskategorien ‘numerous category’ on singular and plural forms. Another expert states that Substantive is also called Nomen. This kind of noun can be used to name something related to die Dinge ‘goods or things’, Gegenstände ‘objects’, Personen ‘human beingman’, Tiere ‘animal’, Begriffe ‘definition or concept’, and Sachverhalte ‘facts’ (Anonymous, 2014: 1 ).
Helbig / Buscha (2005: 206) states that nouns in the semantic meaning can be distinguished into two: Gattungsnamen and Eigennamen. According to them, Substantivwörter can be in the form of: (1) Artikelwort ‘article’; (2) Adjetiv vor sich ‘adjective modifying nouns’; (3) ein weiteres Substantiv (als Attribut im Genetiv oder Präpositionalkasus) ‘nominal functioning as a attribute in a genetive’; and (4) substantivische Pronouns ‘substantive pronoun’. There are six types of Substantivische Pronouns i.e.: Personalpronomen ‘personal pronouns’ such as Ich, du, er, sie es, wir, ihr, Sie, and sie; Interrogativpronomen ‘interrogative pronoun’ such as wer, was, and welche; Demonstrativpronomen ‘demonstrative pronoun’ such as dieser, jener, dan ein solcher; Indefinitpronomen ‘indefinite
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pronoun’ such as einige, mache, and allen; Possesivpronomen ‘possessive pronoun’ such as wessen and wem; and Relativpronomen ‘relative pronoun’ such as ein Bild replaced by es or das).
Based on the theories above, this paper uses the opinions of Helbig/Buscha as the theoretical basis. C. Discussion Substantivwörter in German has different forms and functions. According to Helbig/Buscha (2005: 206), the forms Substantivwörter can be described as follows: 1. The form of Substantivwörter
a. Artikelwort meaning 'article', acts as a marker of gender and is attached to nouns. Article der as in der Student 'students' marks the masculine gender. Articles die on the die Studentin which means 'female student' marks the feminine gender, and the article das on the noun das Kind meaning 'child' mark neutral gender. Articles in German nouns are absolute; except for certain nouns that are zero (Ø) the article are no longer absolute, as in the word Unruhe 'rowdy, crowded, noisy'. However, there are a definite article such as die Unruhe and an indefinite article such as eine Unruhe. Thus, Unruhe nouns have three forms of articles, namely definite, indefinite, and zero articles. This Unruhe noun is feminine. Article die on the noun does not always act as a marker of the feminine gender, only if the article die acts as a plural marker. The plural form of der Student 'students' are die Studenten 'students' as a plural marker. Thus, the article die as a plural marker is not feminine, but has the same gender as its singular form.
b. Adjektiv vor sich is 'an adjective which pairs with nouns', as in schönes Mädchen 'pretty girl' and gute Idee 'great idea'. The determinant of the gender lies in the noun. In noun phrase schönes Mädchen, Mädchen 'girl' is the noun head, while the adjectives schön 'beautiful, pretty, nice' is the attribute. Since the adjective schön follows the noun Mädchen, then the change of its conjugation form always follows the gender type of the noun. The noun Mädchen is neutral in gender with an article das; then it becomes das Mädchen 'girl'. The adjective indefinite article schön will turn into schönes, since it pairs with the neutral form of the noun Mädchen and then turn into schönes Mädchen. Yet, when the definite article das on Mädchen is still used, it will be das schöne Mädchen 'beautiful girl'.
c. ein weiteres Substantiv (Attribute im Genetiv oder als Präpositionalkasus) is 'a noun that functions as an attribute in the genitive', such as die neue Brille der Mutter 'mother's new glasses'. Noun die neue Brille 'new glasses' is the form of the definite article of the noun Brille 'glasses'. Genitive form of der Mutter serves as their owners. Thus, the noun die neue Brille der Mutter 'mother's new glasses' is an attributive noun in the genitive case.
d. substantivische Pronomina 'substantive pronoun'. There are six types of pronouns in substantivische Pronomina which include:
Personalpronomen which means 'personal pronouns' such as Ich, du, er, sie, es, wir, ihr, Sie, and sie. Personalpronomen serves as a subject in a sentence like Ich liebe dich 'I love you'. Personal pronoun Ich 'I, me' serves as the subject, while dich serves as the accusative object. When the construction of the sentence is reversed into Dich liebe ich, the meaning of the sentence remains unchanged. Unlike the sentence Du liebst mich? or Liebst du mich?, both sentences mean do you love me?
Interrogativpronomen is 'a pronoun question' such as wer, was, wie, wann, and welche in sentences like Wer ist das? 'Who's that?' Das ist Peter 'That’s Peter'; Likewise in Was ist das? 'What's that?' Das ist Kügelschreiber. 'It was a ballpoint'; Heißen Wie Sie? 'What's your name?' Ich Heiße Svenja 'My name is Svenja'; and in Welches Zimmer hast du? 'What number is your room?'. In principle, Interrogativ pronomen is used to ask the question using pronouns wer, was, and wie. The construction of the sentence puts Interrogativ pronomen at the initial position of the sentence, which is followed by the verb, and the subject on the third position.
Demonstrativpronomen is ' a demonstrative pronoun' such as dieser, jener, and ein solcher. The example of Demonstrativpronomen in the sentence is like gehört mir dieser Brief. 'This letter is mine'. The word dieser serves as an attribute, and its form follows the noun to which it is attached. The noun dieser Brief ‘this letter' and diese Kreide 'this chalk' both serve as a pointer “this”. However, the forms of diese and dieser are grammatically
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different. Demonstrativ pronomen dieser is masculine in gender, but diese is feminine. It relies on the noun to which it is attached. The noun Brief 'letter' is masculine in gender, therefore it turns into dieser Brief. Whereas Kreide is feminine in gender, hence it turns to be diese Kreide.
Indefinitpronomen is 'an indefinite pronoun' such as Einige, mache, and alle. This Indefinitpronomen is the same as the indefinite article like ein and eine. The indefinite pronouns are in front of the nouns as in Einige Leute 'some people', mache Kinder 'most children', and alle Blumen 'all the flowers'. The position is like in the article der, die, and das, which precedes the nouns, and serves as a marker of gender.
Possesivpronomen is 'a possessive pronoun' such as wessen and Wem. The examples of possessive pronouns are in sentences (Helbig / Buscha, 2005: 235) such as
Er braucht kein Feuerzeug. Er nimmt seines. 'He does not need a fire extinguisher. He takes his own. '
Wessen Wagen ist das? -Das Ist mein Wagen. Das ist meiner. 'Whose car is that? - It's my car. It’s mine.'
Wem Gehört das? -Das Gehört mir. 'Whose is this? - It's mine '
All sentences indicate possession which is shown in the word seines which mean his/hers, mein Wagen 'my car’ and meiner 'mine'.
Relativ pronomen is 'a relative pronoun' such as ein Bild replaced by words like es or das. Relativ pronomen has some forms which rely on the pronouns with which they replace. There are three forms of Relativ pronomen: nominative, accusative, dative.
2. The functions of Substantivwörter Substantivwörter serves to express (1) Gattungsnamen and (2) Eigenamen. Gattungsnamen or Appelativa is used to mention names of goods, both concrete and abstract. They are names of concrete items such as Gold 'gold', Schnee 'snow' as well as names of the food such as spaghetti, hamburgers, and Brötchen. It is also used to mention the names of drinks such as Bier, Limonade, Mineralwasser, the names for groups such as Bevölkerung 'residents', Familie 'family' and Völker 'people', and the names of fruits like Strawbarry, Orange, and Wein. In addition, Gattungsnamen is also used to describe abstract nouns such as a person's character that are hard or Härte and Klugheit 'intelligent' as well as to mention kinship such as Onkel 'uncle', Bruder 'brother', and Grossvater 'grandfather'.
Eigenamen 'proper name' serves to express Personennamen. It is used to name a person that includes Vorname 'first name' and Familienname 'surname' as in the name of Helmut Kohl and Engelina Merkel. Eigenamen is used to mention the names of places like Gothes Haus 'house of Goethe', Bahnhoff 'train station', and Flughafen 'airport'. It is also used to name mountains as der Alpen and Etna as well as the name of the country as Deutschland 'Germany' and Frankreich 'French'. In addition, Eigenamen is used to describe the geography such as the Zugspitze and Donau. Eigenamen is also used for Produktnamen; it is used to mention the names of the building such as the Humboldt Universität and the Kölner Dom 'Dom in Köln', the names of books like Gothes Faust and Phillips Träumen Wohnen Überall, the names of famous paintings such as the Monalisa, the name of a spectacular ship that sank like Titanic whose story was made into a movie, and the titles of songs popular in the 70s like Mother by John Lennon.
D. Conclusion Based on the discussion above, it can be concluded that Substantivwörter has 4 (four) forms, namely: (1) Artikelwort - article, (2) Adjektiv vor sich - adjective pairs with nouns, (3) ein weiteres Substantiv (Attribute als im Genetiv oder Präpositionalkasus) - functions as a noun in the genitive attribute, and (4) substantivische Pronomina- substantive pronoun. In Substantivische Pronomina, there are six types of pronouns includes: Personal pronomen - pronouns, Interrogativ pronomen - pronouns question, Demonstrativ pronomen - demonstrative pronoun, Indefinit pronomen - indefinite pronouns, Possesiv pronomen - possessive pronouns, and Relativ pronomen - word changing the relative.
Substantivwörter serves to reveal (1) Gattungsnamen and (2) Eigenamen. Gattungsnamen or Appelativa has a functon to mention the name of the goods that are concrete and abstract. Eigenamen or proper name has a function to reveal Personennamen which serves to reveal that to the name of a
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person, to mention the name of a place like Gothes Haus, mountain name like der Alpen, name of the country as Deutschland, and geographic names such as the Zugspitze. In addition, it is used to Produktnamen - names result of the products which is to mention the name of the building, the name of the book, the name of the painting, ship name, and the name of the song. Bibliography Anonim. 2014. Grammatik und Übungen für Englisch, Spanisch, und Deutsch. http://www.cafe-
lingua.de/deutsche-grammatik/substantive-nomen.php. Duden. 1984. Die Grammatik der deutschen Gegenwartsprache. 4. Auflage. Mannheim:
Bibliografische Institut Drosdowski, Günther. 2009. Duden Grammatik. Mannheim: Dudenverlag. Eisenberg, Peter. 2001. Grundriβ der deutschen Grammatik. Dritte Auglage. Stuttgart: Verlag J.B.
Metzler. ISBN: 3-476-01232-8. Engel, Ulrich. 1991. Deutsche Grammatik. Heidelberg: Julius Groos Verlag, D-6900 Heidelberg 1. Grebe, Paul. 1983. Die Grammatik. Unentberlich für richtiges Deutsch. Band 04. Mannheim:
Bibliographisches Institut AG - Dudenverlag. ISBN: 3-411-00914-4. Helbig, Gerhard & Buscha, Joachim. 2005. Deutsche Grammatik. Ein Handbuch für den
Ausländerunterricht. Langenschiedt KG. ISBN: 3-468-49493-9.
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