Bakri Final Presentation 2
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Transcript of Bakri Final Presentation 2
Oilfield Services
INDUSTRIAL INTERNSHIP PRESENTATION
Scomi Oiltools Overseas (M), Khartoum , Sudan
AHMAD BAKRI BIN ZUBIRPetroleum Engineering | 9058
Universiti Teknologi Petronas
Plant Supervisor
Mr. Ramy SragDF Operational Manager
Date: 4th January 2010Time: 2.30 pm
Oilfield Services
• Industrial internship objectives
• Host company profile
• Drilling fluids
• Internship assignments, activities and site
operations
• Lesson learned and experience gained
• Discussion & recommendation
• Conclusion
OUTLINE
Oilfield Services
• Integrate theory with practice & apply theoretical knowledge in
industrial application.
• Introduce student to work culture and industrial practices
• Expose student to potential employers
• Importance Health, Safety & environment (HSE) at workplace
• To make interns be acquainted with water-based mud systems
used in Scomi Oiltools in Sudan operations and contribute the
company by assisting on-site field engineers.
INTERNSHIP OBJECTIVES
Oilfield Services
• Scomi Oiltools (formerly known as KMC Oiltools), a subsidiary of Scomi Group.
• One of the world’s leading providers of innovative high performance drilling fluids and drilling waste management services.
• Scomi Oiltools had established overseas operations in Sudan in 2003 with GNPOC and in 2005 with WNPOC
• Involved in three core division – drilling fluids, drilling waste management and oilfield product distribution
• Worldwide operations coverage of drilling fluid operations - extends from Asia region to USA
HOST COMPANY PROFILE
Oilfield Services
• Fluids that aid the production and removal of cuttings from the borehole
• Differ widely in their chemical compositions.
• Also known as mud.
DRILLING FLUIDSIntroduction
Oilfield Services
DRILLING FLUIDSFunctions
Maintainborehole stability
Controlformationpressure
Minimizeloss of fluid
to formation
Transport & removecuttings
from the well Cool, lubricatethe drill string & BHA
Hydraulichorse power
to the bit
Seal Permeable formationPrimary
Additional
Suspend cuttings- Static condition
Oilfield Services
DRILLING FLUIDSMud Circulation
Oilfield Services
1. Fluid Phase (water or oil)2. Solids (to give desired mud property)
• Inactive solids – do not react with mud (i.e barite) to give mud weight• Active solids – clays that react with the water (i.e bentonite) to give viscosity.
3. Additives (to give desired mud property)• Polymers and chemicals to control viscosity, yield point, fluid loss, pH,
controls
DRILLING FLUIDSMud Content
Oilfield Services
1. WATER BASED MUD
DRILLING FLUIDSMud Types
• Continuous phase is water• Main disadvantage – causes shale
instability• Lower cost• Types of WBM used in Scomi
Oiltools Sudan Operations -• Non-inhibitive (gel)• Inhibitive (KCl)• Polymer (KCl PHPA, KCl
silicate)
Oilfield Services
2. OIL BASED MUD
DRILLING FLUIDSMud Types
• Continous phase is oil• Advantage
• Does not react with shales• Good lubrication to BHA• Undamaging mud – very low formation
damage if any• Excellent wellbore stability• Usually used in HTHP wells
• Disadvantage• Environmental impacts (toxic)• Much more expensive than WBM• Danger threat to rig workers - slippery
Oilfield Services
DRILLING FLUIDSChemical & Polymer Additives
• Soda Ash – Hardness reducer• Sodium Bicarbonate – Hardness & pH reducer• Caustic Soda – Alkalinity control (increases pH)• Bentonite – Viscosifier• PAC-R & PAC-UL (organic polymer) – Viscosity & Fluid loss
control• Starch – Fluid loss control• Xanthan gum – Viscosifier and LSRV (low shear rate viscosifier)• Calcium Carbonate – Bridging & weighting agent• Barite – Weighting agent
Oilfield Services
ACTIVITIES, TASKS & ASSIGNMENTS
Office/HQ
Warehouse
• HSE course• Learnt about drilling fluids• Discussion with SV and other mud engineers• Revision of mud recaps• Prepared data tables of wells drilled during 2008 & 2009• Prepared the mud lab• Assisted in re-checking chemical invoices
• Attended GNPOC HSE meeting • Briefly learnt about inventory & logistics management• Learnt more about drilling fluids with the warehouse SV
Oilfield Services
ACTIVITIES, TASKS & ASSIGNMENTS
Site Operation
• Have been to 2 well sites:• Azraq N-1 (Gel Mud & KCl polymer mud) - (43 days)• Joknyang NE-1 (KCl PHPA mud) - (28 days)
• Given the following tasks:• Perform the duty of back-up mud engineer• Maintain and operate the solids control equipments• Mixed new mud & hi-vis mud• Assisted during cementing jobs• Make mud tests• Chemical inventory management & repacking• Learnt about good drilling practices
Oilfield Services
SITE OPERATIONS
Solids control equipments
Oilfield Services
SITE OPERATIONS
Solids control equipments
• Sand Trap• Pit tank located under shale
shakers• Mud flow rate is slow• Settling rate – function of:
• SG of particle• Density & viscosity of mud• Type flow regime & residence
time in pit• Periodically checks the sand trap
to see the sand level• If level of sand is high – dump the
sand trap – 40 -50bbls
Oilfield Services
SITE OPERATIONS
Solids control equipments
• Shale Shakers• Most important SCE• Mud flows - return line to shale shakers• Vibrating Screens remove drill cuttings• Solids that are bigger than screen
size are conveyed off the screen• Size of solids discarded are dependant
upon the opening size of the screens (120 microns, 170 microns, 200 microns)
Oilfield Services
SITE OPERATIONS
Solids control equipments
• Shale Shakers: Cuttings Observation & Maintenance
• When drilling shale zones, good inhibited mud should produce rounded, pebble size cuttings & dry in the inside
• Larger than average & angular cuttings are cavings • Poorly inhibited mud/ Gel mud: Fine & sticky solids blind the screens. Results in mud overflow. To overcome:
• Increase the inclination of the screens.• Clean the screen using water jet nozzle
Oilfield Services
SITE OPERATIONS
Solids control equipments• Shale Shakers: Cuttings Observation & Maintenances
Angular cuttings : Indication of cavings
Oilfield Services
SITE OPERATIONS
Solids control equipments• Shale Shakers: Cuttings Observation & Maintenances
Usage of gel mud: Sticky, uninhibited cuttings, Mud Overflow
Oilfield Services
SITE OPERATIONS
Solids control equipments• Shale Shakers: Maintenances
• Helped changing torn-out/broken screens• Torn screens allow larger solids to pass through screen – Shale shaker not effective• Causes: - Usual wear and tear of screens
- Improper installation of screens – premature defects - low quality screen
Oilfield Services
SITE OPERATIONS
Solids control equipments
• Desilter• Removes silts -> hydrocyclone• Smaller size than desander• Can handle up to 75 GPM of mud flow• Remove particles: 15-30 microns
• Desander• Removes sand –> hydrocyclone • Can handle up to 500 GPM of mud flow• Remove particles: 45-74 microns
Oilfield Services
SITE OPERATIONS
Solids control equipments• Mud Cleaners• Combination of desander and desilter mounted over a screening device.
Oilfield Services
SITE OPERATIONS
Solids control equipments• The centrifuge• Separate solids by increasing the centrifugal force• Removal up to 2-5 micron• Bowl rotates between 2000-4000rpm• Capacity 50-250gpm• Useful for processing weighted fluid• Faster rotation to remove lower SG solids (silts)• Slower rotation to remove higher SG solids (barite)• Barite recovery process:
• 1st centrifuge = Separate barite, liquid moves to the 2nd centrifuge• 2nd centrifuge = removes silt and return liquid portion back to mud
Oilfield Services
SITE OPERATIONS
Solids control equipments
Oilfield Services
SITE OPERATIONS
Mixing new mud (in premix tank)1. Water (as required)2. Soda Ash (0.5 ppb)3. Caustic Soda (0.4 ppb) - pH 8.5-9.54. Potassium Chloride (KCl) (5-10 ppb)5. Polymers for Fluid Loss control and
rheology6. Barite (weighting agent) for mud density
requirement (as required)
Premix Tank 1 Premix Tank 2
Pill Tank
Suction Tank 1
Suction Tank 2
Centrifuge Tank
Desilter Tank
Desander Tank
Sand Trap
Trip Tank
Oilfield Services
SITE OPERATIONS
Pumping Hi-Vis & Slug
• Slug is used to displace mud in stands of pipes prior POOH• Hi-Vis is pumped down hole to suspend cutting during long hours of
non-circulation and pipe rotation• Hi-Vis sweep is performed to lift cuttings downhole (increase efficiency of hole cleaning)
• Transfer active mud to pill tank (40bbls)• Increase weight and viscosity by addition of barite and KMC-Zan
Oilfield Services
SITE OPERATIONS
Assisted cementing jobs
• Weighting up cement• Pumping the spacer fluid (50 bbl water) to displace mud• Treating mud with sodium bicarbonate (decrease hardness & pH)
Oilfield Services
SITE OPERATIONS
Dump or Dilute
- Drilled solids content is high (PV & sand trap) Dump- Mud Weight is high but drilled solids content is low Dilute
Oilfield Services
SITE OPERATIONS
Other chemical usage & observations• Drilling detergent – to prevent bit balling
• Biocide – Prevent bacterias from spoiling the polymers
• Caustic Soda – Used to increase pH (alkalinity) after long hours of no mud circulation
• Washpipe – leak in drillstring or BHA – eventually lead to fishing
Oilfield Services
FLUID SYSTEMS
• Bentonite Mud (Gel
Mud)• No inhibition
• Lower cost
• Suitable for surface drilling
• High carrying capacity
• Deep hole - Hole problems
• pH 8-9
• KCl Polymer• Moderately reactive shale
• Cation exchange of Potassium ions with clay
• High inhibition – reduce swelling/hydration
• Upgradable to Sodium Silicate mud
• KCl depletes over time
• pH 8.5-9.5
• KCl Sodium Silicate• Coats the cuttings and wellbore with a thin
layer of silicate
• Suitable for reactive shale
• KCl & Silicate deplete over time
• Higher cost
• Protection against stuck pipe & balling
• Enhanced inhibition
• Ensures mechanical stability (micro
fractures & unconsolidated formation)
• pH 11.5-12.5
Oilfield Services
MUD TESTING & EQUIPMENTS
Mud Weight test
• Mud balance to determine the mud weight (in lb/gal) as specified by
program
• Place mud in mud cup
• Rider – adjusted along the graduated scale with guidance of bubble vial
• Accuracy +/- 0.1 ppg
Oilfield Services
MUD TESTING & EQUIPMENTS
Funnel Viscosity
• Marsh Funnel & beaker (1 quart)
• Quick guide whether mud is thickening or
thinning (YP)
• Reading is influenced by gelation and
density of mud
• Calibration – water at 21 celcius (70
fahrenheit) = 26 sec/qt
Oilfield Services
MUD TESTING & EQUIPMENTS
Rheology Test: PV & YP
• 6 speed viscometer • For determining the values of YP & PV
• Rotor sleeve rotates at constant velocity
(speed control by the switching gears)
• Produce torque to inner bob –
displacement of bob provide the reading
(lb/sq.ft)
• 600,300,200,100,6,3 rpm speeds
• PV = 600rpm – 300rpm
• YP = 300 rpm - PV
Oilfield Services
MUD TESTING & EQUIPMENTS
Rheology Test: Gel Strength
• 10 seconds / 10 minutes reading
• 10 sec 600rpm for 30secs, leave for 10
secs, read 10-sec gel at 3rpm
• 10 min 600rpm for 30secs, leave
undisturbed for 10mins, take reading at
3rpm
• Good gel is needed to suspend cuttings
• Wide divergence between 10secs and
10mins reading indicate colloidal build up
Oilfield Services
MUD TESTING & EQUIPMENTS
API filtrate• To know milliliters of filtrate lost under 100psi
pressure • Procedure:
• 100psi applied to the column of pressure cell using air compressor
• 3 ½ inch diameter of filter paper placed in the bottom of pressure cell (build up of filter cake)
• Amount of filtrate collected for 30 minutes, (ml/30min)
1) Low filtrate volume Thinner cakes, good fluid loss control in mud
2) High filtrate volume Thicker cake, must treat mud with PAC-R, PAC-UL and starch to minimize fluid loss
• Thick mud cakes leads to differentially stuck pipes
Oilfield Services
MUD TESTING & EQUIPMENTS
pH, sand content & hardness test• pH test – uses pH paper to measure pH of filtrate
• Sand content – Uses sand screen set kit to determine sand content in mud
• Hardness test - To measure hardness of filtrate water. It is not good if the water is too hard, as polymer reactions cannot take place effectively. Chemicals needed are, 1 ml filtrate, a few drops of ammonia 30%, versanate hardness indicator, and EDTA (slowly releasing it). Mixture changes color from purple to wine red.
Oilfield Services
MUD TESTING & EQUIPMENTS
KCl & Chloride Test• KCl Test - KCl Content determination by sodium perchlorate
1) Precipitating potassium 2) Centrifuging the precipitate3) Compare the volume of precipitate over the graph to determine amount
of KCl content left in mud
• Chloride test - To know the concentration of chloride in the mud. Chemicals needed are 1 ml filtrate, a few drops of yellow chloride indicator and silver nitrate 0.282N (slowly releasing it). Mixture changes color from yellow to red.
Oilfield Services
DISCUSSION
Lessons learnt
Recommendation
Problems &
Challenges
Oilfield Services
DISCUSSION
Problem and Challenges
System understandings
& Field experience
Communication
Challenging location of wellsites
Oilfield Services
DISCUSSION
Lesson LearntCommunic
ation skills
Application of engineering knowledge
Hardworking and self
learning
Adaptation to new
environments
Oilfield Services
DISCUSSION
Recommendations
•More detailed discussion between UTP and host company in meeting the expectation of this Internship Program•Set Key Performance Indicator (KPI) based on specific programs
UTP
•Great internship experience•Should take more internship from UTP – Sudanese & Malaysians.
Scomi Oiltools
Oilfield Services
• Industrial internship objectives
• Host company profile
• Drilling fluids
• Internship assignments, activities and site
operations
• Lesson learned and experience gained
• Discussion & recommendation
• Conclusion
RECAP
Oilfield Services
• Expose students to real-life working experience, culture and industrial practices.
• Practice theory learned during studies into working environment.
• Students could gain the opportunity to work directly with industrial practitioners
• Acquaint UTP students especially from PE department with the Petroleum Industry
CONCLUSION
Oilfield Services
THANK YOU
Oilfield Services
Q & A