Bài báo cáo thực tập kế toán nvl tại cty tnhh sx bao bì và dv tm hn

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Trêng §¹i häc C«ng nghiÖp Hµ Néi Khoa: Kinh tÕ more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 1 Lêi nãi ®Çu Trong nÒn kinh tÕ thÞ trêng, c¸c doanh nghiÖp s¶n xuÊt muèn tån t¹i vµ ph¸t triÓn nhÊt ®Þnh ph¶i cã ph¬ng ¸n s¶n xuÊt kinh doanh ®¹t hiÖu qu¶ kinh tÕ. Mét quy luËt tÊt yÕu trong nÒn kinh tÕ thÞ trêng lµ c¹nh tranh, doanh nghiÖp ph¶i t×m mäi biÖn ph¸p ®Ó ®øng v÷ng vµ ph¸t triÓn trªn th¬ng trêng, ®¸p øng ®ù¬c nhu cÇu cña ngêi tiªu dïng víi s¶n phÈm chÊt lîng cao vµ gi¸ thµnh h¹. ChÝnh v× vËy, c¸c doanh nghiÖp s¶n xuÊt ph¶i gi¸m s¸t tõ kh©u ®Çu tíi kh©u cuèi cña qu¸ tr×nh s¶n xuÊt kinh doanh. Tøc lµ tõ kh©u thu mua nguyªn vËt liÖu ®Õn kh©u tiªu thô s¶n phÈm vµ thu ®îc tiÒn vÒ nh»m ®¶m b¶o viÖc b¶o toµn vµ t¨ng nhanh tèc ®é chu chuyÓn vèn, ngêi lao ®éng vµ doanh nghiÖp cã lîi nhuËn ®Ó tÝch lòy vµ më réng s¶n xuÊt. §Ó thùc hiÖn ®îc ®iÒu ®ã th× doanh nghiÖp ph¶i tiÕn hµnh ®ång bé c¸c biÖn ph¸p qu¶n lý mäi yÕu tè cã liªn quan tíi ho¹t ®éng s¶n xuÊt kinh doanh c«ng t¸c kÕ to¸n lµ mét bé phËn cÊu thµnh cña hÖ thèng c«ng cô ®Ó qu¶n lý c¸c ho¹t ®éng kinh tÕ, kiÓm tra viÖc sö dông tµi s¶n, vËt t, tiÒn vèn nh»m ®¶m b¶o tÝnh n¨ng ®éng, s¸ng t¹o, tù chñ trong s¶n xuÊt kinh doanh, tÝnh to¸n vµ x¸c ®Þnh hiÖu qu¶ kinh tÕ. Nguyªn vËt liÖu lµ mét yÕu tè rÊt quan träng trong qu¸ tr×nh s¶n xuÊt cña doanh nghiÖp, thêng chiÕm tû träng lín trong gi¸ thµnh s¶n phÈm. V× vËy, viÖc kÕ to¸n nguyªn vËt liÖu lµ kh«ng thÓ thiÕu vµ ph¶i ®¶m b¶o 3 yªu cÇu cña c«ng t¸c kÕ to¸n ®ã lµ: chÝnh x¸c, kÞp thêi vµ toµn diÖn. KÕ to¸n nguyªn vËt liÖu cã ®¶m b¶o ®îc 3 yªu cÇu trªn míi ®¶m b¶o cho viÖc cung cÊp nguyªn vËt liÖu kÞp thêi vµ ®ång bé cho nhu cÇu s¶n xuÊt, kiÓm tra vµ gi¸m s¸t chÆt chÏ chÊp hµnh c¸c ®Þnh møc tiªu hao, dù tr÷, nhê ®ã gãp phÇn gi¶m bít chi phÝ, dÉn ®Õn h¹ gi¸ thµnh s¶n phÈm, n©ng cao lîi nhuËn, ®ång thêi n©ng cao hiÖu qu¶ sö dông vèn lu ®éng.

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báo cáo, luận văn, kế toán, thực tập

Transcript of Bài báo cáo thực tập kế toán nvl tại cty tnhh sx bao bì và dv tm hn

  • 1. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 1 Li ni u Trong nn kinh t th trng, cc doanh nghip sn xut mun tn ti v pht trin nht nh phi c phng n sn xut kinh doanh t hiu qu kinh t. Mt quy lut tt yu trong nn kinh t th trng l cnh tranh, doanh nghip phi tm mi bin php ng vng v pht trin trn thng trng, p ng c nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng vi sn phm cht lng cao v gi thnh h. Chnh v vy, cc doanh nghip sn xut phi gim st t khu u ti khu cui ca qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh. Tc l t khu thu mua nguyn vt liu n khu tiu th sn phm v thu c tin v nhm m bo vic bo ton v tng nhanh tc chu chuyn vn, ngi lao ng v doanh nghip c li nhun tch ly v m rng sn xut. thc hin c iu th doanh nghip phi tin hnh ng b cc bin php qun l mi yu t c lin quan ti hot ng sn xut kinh doanh cng tc k ton l mt b phn cu thnh ca h thng cng c qun l cc hot ng kinh t, kim tra vic s dng ti sn, vt t, tin vn nhm m bo tnh nng ng, sng to, t ch trong sn xut kinh doanh, tnh ton v xc nh hiu qu kinh t. Nguyn vt liu l mt yu t rt quan trng trong qu trnh sn xut ca doanh nghip, thng chim t trng ln trong gi thnh sn phm. V vy, vic k ton nguyn vt liu l khng th thiu v phi m bo 3 yu cu ca cng tc k ton l: chnh xc, kp thi v ton din. K ton nguyn vt liu c m bo c 3 yu cu trn mi m bo cho vic cung cp nguyn vt liu kp thi v ng b cho nhu cu sn xut, kim tra v gim st cht ch chp hnh cc nh mc tiu hao, d tr, nh gp phn gim bt chi ph, dn n h gi thnh sn phm, nng cao li nhun, ng thi nng cao hiu qu s dng vn lu ng.
  • 2. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 2 K ton nguyn vt liu l mt khu quan trng trong cng tc hch ton k ton. T chc k ton nguyn vt liu tt s cung cp thng tin kp thi v chnh xc cc thnh phn k ton khc trong cng tc k ton doanh nghip. Bn cnh , nn kinh t th trng m vi s ha nhp vi nn kinh t th gii, rt nhiu cc nh u t nc ngoi vo Vit Nam, t i hi ch hch ton k ton ni chung v k ton nguyn vt liu ni ring phi c nhng i hi cho ph hp v ngang bng vi cc nc khc trn th gii. Do , hin nay, ch hch ton k ton chung v k ton nguyn vt liu ni ring c ban hnh trn nguyn tc tha mn cc yu cu v nng lc qun l kinh t th trng, tn trng v vn dng c chn lc cc chun mc v thng l k ton quc t ph bin. Thc t ti Cng ty TNHH sn xut Bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni. Cng ty l ngi qun l ti sn sn xut, hng nm cng ty giao k hoch mt s ch tiu, ch yu l doanh thu ngha v np cng ty gm c: khu hao ti sn c nh, thu, vn, li. Vt t dng n u th nhn ca cng ty n v np li cho cng ty khi thu c tin bn hng. Ngoi ra cng ty mua thm vt t t bn ngoi nu cng ty khng cung cp c y phc v nhu cu sn xut. Bi vy, cng tc k ton nguyn vt liu cung cp kp thi, chnh xc s liu phc v cho khu tnh gi thnh sn phm, nhn vt t ca cng ty v thu mua vt t t bn ngoi ti cng ty l mt khu quan trng. K ton chnh xc chi ph nguyn vt liu gip cng ty tit kim c tin vt t tin vn lm gi thnh sn phm h s thu ht c khch hng, to th mnh cnh tranh trn th trng. Nh vy vng quay ca vn lu ng tng nhanh t nng cao c li nhun gip cng ty hon thnh mc ch tiu cng ty giao cho c iu kin ci thin i sng cn b cng nhn vin, u t thm cho dy chuyn sn xut, m rng mt hng.
  • 3. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 3 Sau mt thi gian thc tp ti Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni, i su vo nghin cu thc t em mnh dn nghin cu ti: "Hon thin cng tc k ton nguyn vt liu" ti Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni. Ni dung ti, ngoi phn m u v kt lun, chuyn thc tp tt nghip ca em gm 3 phn: Phn 1: Nhng l lun chung v k ton nguyn vt liu trong cc doanh nghip sn xut kinh doanh. Phn 2: Thc trng hch ton nguyn vt liu ti Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni. Phn 3: Nhng kin ng gp nhm hon thin hch ton nguyn vt liu ti Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni. Chuyn ny c hon thnh vi s n lc ca bn thn v s gip tn tnh ca Thc s Nguyn Th Hng Nga v anh ch k ton ca Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni. Nhn y em xin by t lng bit n su sc v lng knh trng i vi cc thy c gio v bn b gip em hon thnh chuyn ny.
  • 4. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 4 Chng 1 Nhng l lun chung v k ton nguyn vt liu trong doanh nghip sn xut kinh doanh 1.1. Vai tr ca nguyn vt liu trong sn xut v s cn thit ca t chc hch ton nguyn vt liu trong cc doanh nghip sn xut kinh doanh. 1.1.1. Khi nim v c im ca nguyn vt liu 1.1.1.1. Khi nim v nguyn vt liu L nhng i tng lao ng ch tham gia vo mt chu k sn xut nht nh b tiu hao ton b gi tr hoc b thay i hnh thi bin dng c thnh thc th sn xut ca sn phm 1.1.1.2. c im ca nguyn vt liu Trong cc doanh nghip sn xut kinh doanh th chi ph v NVL chim mt t l kh ln v l mt b phn d tr sn xut quan trng nht ca doanh nghip. Nguyn vt liu c c im ch tham gia vo mt chu k sn xut kinh doanh nht nh v ton b gi tr NVL c chuyn ht mt ln vo sn xut kinh doanh trong k. Trong qu trnh tham gia vo sn xut di tc ng ca lao ng, NVL b tiu hao ton b v thay i hnh thi vt cht ban u cu thnh thc th ca sn phm dch v. 1.1.2. Vai tr ca NVL v yu cu qun l ca NVL 1.1.2.1. Vai tr ca NVL Chnh t nhng c im va nu ca NVL chng ta thy NVL c mt vai tr rt quan trng i vi qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh. Trn thc t, sn xut ra bt k mt sn phm no th doanh nghip cng phi cn n NVL tc l phi c u vo hp l. Nhng cht lng sn phm sn xut ra cn ph thuc vo cht lng ca NVL lm ra n. iu ny l tt yu v vi cht lng sn phm khng tt s nh hng ti qu trnh tiu th, dn n
  • 5. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 5 thu nhp ca doanh nghip khng n nh v s tn ti ca doanh nghip khng chc chn. V vy, vic phn u h gi thnh sn phm ng ngha vi vic gim chi ph NVL mt cch hp l. Mt khc, xt v mt vn th NVL l mt thnh phn quan trng ca vn lu ng trong cc doanh nghip, c bit l vn d tr. nng cao c hiu qu s dng vn sn xut kinh doanh cn phi tng tc lun chuyn vn lu ng v khng th tch ri vic d tr v s dng NVL mt cch hp l v tit kim. Nh vy, NVL c ngha rt quan trng i vi s sng cn ca doanh nghip. 1.1.2.2. yu cu qun l ca NVL Qun l cht ch v s dng tit kim t khu thu mua n khu bo ton s dng, d tr chnh l yu cu t ra i vi vic qun l NVL. Khu thu mua pht sinh ngoi qu trnh sn xut song n lin quan trc tip n sn xut. Thc hin tt khu thu mua khng nhng m bo ngun cung cp thng xuyn lin tc m cn m bo c s lng, quy cch gi c ca NVL gip cho sn xut hon thnh k hoch t ra v ngc li n s gy kh khn n sn xut. Khu bo qun, d tr NVL cng lun phi quan tm ch , phi xc nh mc d tr ti a, ti thiu cho tng loi NVL m bo khng thiu ht v trnh ng. Gp phn h thp chi ph tn kho, lm tng vng quay ca vn nng cao doanh li cho doanh nghip. Khu s dng NVL phi qun l cht ch sao cho s dng tit kim trn c s xc nh cc nh mc d ton c nh vy mi h thp c chi ph, t h thp c gi thnh lm tng li nhun cho doanh nghip. Qun trit nhng yu cu qun l NVL trn doanh nghip s thc hin tt cng tc k ton NVL. 1.1.3. Khi nim ni dung, ngha, nhim v v nguyn tc hch ton k ton nguyn vt liu.
  • 6. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 6 1.1.3.1. Khi nim, ni dung ca hch ton NVL Hch ton NVL mt cch khoa hc hp l c ngha thit thc v hiu qu trong qun l, kim sot ti sn doanh nghip, thc y vic cung cp kp thi, ng b nhng NVL cn thit cho sn xut kinh doanh ca doanh nghip theo tng i tng s dng, ngn nga cc hin tng h hng mt mt, lng ph v c th trnh c tnh trng ng hay khan him vt t nh hng n tin sn xut kinh doanh. Mt khc, hch ton NVL l cng c gip cho lnh o doanh nghip nm c tnh hnh v ch o sn xut kinh doanh. Hch ton NVL c chnh xc, hp l, kp thi, y th lnh o mi nm bt c chnh xc tnh hnh thu mua, d tr xut dng, thc hin k hoch nhp - xut - tn kho, gi c thu mua v tng gi tr t ra bin php qun l thch hp. 1.1.3.2. ngha ca hch ton NVL K ton NVL cn phi thc hin y , nghim chnh cc yu cu t ra c nh vy mi ngy cng hon thin cng tc k ton NVL doanh nghip. 1.1.3.3. Nhim v ca hch ton NVL thc hin chc nng gim c v l cng c qun l kinh t, xut pht t v tr yu cu qun l: V tr ca k ton trong qun l kinh t, qun l doanh nghip, Nh nc xc nh nhim v ca k ton nguyn vt liu trong cc doanh nghip sn xut nh sau: - T chc phn loi NVL theo yu cu qun l ca doanh nghip, sp xp v to thnh danh mc NVL m bo tnh thng nht gia cc b phn. - T chc chng t, ti khon, s k ton ph hp vi phng php k ton hng tn kho ca doanh nghip ghi chp, phn loi, tng hp s liu v tnh hnh hin c v s bin ng tng gim ca nguyn vt liu trong qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh, cung cp s liu kp thi tp hp chi ph sn xut v tnh gi thnh sn phm.
  • 7. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 7 - Thc hin vic phn tch nh gi tnh hnh thc hin k hoch mua, tnh hnh s dng nguyn vt liu trong qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh. 1.2. Phn loi v nh gi NVL 1.2.1.nh gi NVL Trong cc doanh nghip sn xut nguyn vt liu bao gm rt nhiu th, loi khc nhau vi ni dung kinh t, cng c v tnh nng l ho khc nhau. c th qun l mt cch cht ch v t chc hch ton chi tit vi tng loi nguyn vt liu phc v cho k ton qun tr v cn thit phi phn loi nguyn vt liu. * Cn c vo ni dung kinh t, vai tr ca chng trong qun l sn xut kinh doanh, yu cu qun l ca doanh nghip nguyn vt liu c chia thnh cc loi sau: Nguyn vt liu chnh: L nhng NVL sau qu trnh ch bin s l c s vt cht ch yu cu thnh nn thc th chnh ca sn phm. Nguyn vt liu ph: l nhng loi nguyn vt liu ch c tc dng ph tr trong sn xut, c s dng kt hp vi nguyn vt liu chnh lm thay i mu sc, hnh dng, mi v hoc dng bo qun, phc v hot ng ca cc t liu lao ng hay phc v cho lao ng ca cng nhn vin chc. Nhin liu: l nhng th dng cung cp nhit lng trong qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh nh: than, ci, xng, du Ph tng thay th: l cc chi tit, ph tng dng sa cha v thay th cho my mc thit b. Nguyn vt liu v thit b xy dng c bn: bao gm cc nguyn vt liu v thit b m doanh nghip mua vo nhm mc ch u t cho xy dng c bn. Ph liu: l cc nguyn vt liu thu trong qu trnh sn xut hay thanh l ti sn, c th s dng hay bn ra ngoi. Nguyn vt liu khc: bao gm cc loi nguyn vt liu cn li ngoi cc th cha k trn.
  • 8. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 8 * Cn c vo mc ch cng dng ca nguyn vt liu, chia thnh: - Nguyn vt liu dng trc tip cho sn xut ch to sn phm - Nguyn vt liu dng cho nhu cu qun l * Cn c vo ngun hnh thnh, nguyn vt liu c chia thnh: - Nguyn vt liu t sn xut, gia cng, ch bin - Nguyn vt liu mua ngoi - Nguyn vt liu do nhn vn gp 1.2.2. nh gi nguyn vt liu 1.2.2.1. Nguyn tc nh gi vt t Vt t c nh gi theo gi thc t Ngoi vic nh gi thc t, cc doanh nghip cn s dng gi hch ton. 1.2.2.2. Tnh gi NVL: L vic xc nh gi tr ghi s ca NVL. y l mt cng vic rt quan trng trong t chc hch ton k ton nguyn vt liu gip cho vic tp hp phn nh y chnh xc gi tr nguyn vt liu thu mua v xut kho, t xc nh c gi tr tn kho nguyn vt liu gip cho cng tc kim tra vic s dng, chp hnh nh mc d tr. * nh gi nguyn vt liu theo gi thc t Ton b nguyn vt liu bin ng trong k c tnh theo gi hch ton. Cui k k ton s tin hnh iu chnh t gi hch ton sang gi thc t theo cng thc: Gi thc t vt liu ; xut dng (tn kho cui k) = Gi hch ton vt; liu xut dng x H s gi; nguyn vt liu Trong : H s gi; nguyn vt liu = Error! H s gi c th tnh cho tng loi, tng nhm hoc tng th nguyn vt liu ch yu tu thuc vo yu cu v trnh qun l.
  • 9. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 9 Gi thc t ca NVL nhp kho: Tu theo doanh nghip tnh VAT theo phng php trc tip hay khu tr m trong gi thc t c th c VAT hoc khng c VAT. - Vi nguyn vt liu mua ngoi: gi thc t gm gi mua ghi trn ho n ngi bn (+) thu nhp khu (nu c) v cc khon chi ph mua thc t (-) cc khon gim gi hng mua c hng. - Vi nguyn vt liu t sn xut: Tnh theo gi thnh sn xut thc t. - Vi nguyn vt liu thu ngoi gia cng ch bin: Gi thc t gm gi tr nguyn vt liu ch bin cng cc chi ph lin quan. - Vi NVL nhn ng gp t cc n v t chc tham gia ng gp vn lin doanh: Gi thc t l gi tho thun do c bn xc nh (+) chi ph tip nhn (nu c). - Vi ph liu: Gi c tnh thc t c th s dng c hay gi tr thu hi ti thiu. - Vi NVL c tng thng: Tnh theo gi th trng tng ng (+) chi ch tip nhn (nu c). Khi s dng gi hch ton th trn cc phiu nhp kho, xut kho v cc s sch k ton v nguyn vt liu c phn nh theo gi hch ton. Cui thng, sau khi xc nh c mc gi thc t s tin hnh iu chnh gi tr nguyn vt liu, cng c t gi hch ton sang gi thc t. Gi thc t xut kho: Phi hch ton theo gi thc t. Trn thc t, gi thc t ca NVL xut kho c tnh theo cc phng php sau: * Cc phng php khc: - Phng php gi thc t bnh qun gia quyn (gi thc t bnh qun ca s tn u k v nhp trong k). Theo phng php ny, gi thc t nguyn vt liu xut kho cng c cn c vo s lng xut kho trong k v n gi bnh qun tnh nh sau: - Phng php nhp trc, xut trc (FIFO)
  • 10. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 10 Theo phng php ny, s nguyn vt liu no nhp trc th xut trc, xut ht s nhp trc th mi n s nhp sau theo gi thc t ca tng s hng xut. Do vy, gi tr nguyn vt liu tn kho cui k s l gi thc t ca s nguyn vt liu mua vo sau cng. Phng php ny thch hp trong trng hp gi c n nh. - Phng php trc tip Nguyn vt liu c xc nh theo n chic hay tng l v gi nguyn t lc nhp vo cho n lc xut hng. Khi xut nguyn vt liu no s tnh theo gi thc t ca nguyn vt liu . phng php ny cn c tn gi l phng php gi thc t ch danh v thng s dng vi cc nguyn vt liu c gi tr cao v tnh tch bit. - Phng php nhp sau xut trc (LIFO) Phng php ny gi nh nhng nguyn vt liu mua sau s c xut trc tin, ngc li vi phng php nhp trc xut trc, thch hp trong trng hp lm pht. 1.3. K ton NVL trong cc doanh nghip sn xut kinh doanh 1.3.1. Phng php k ton chi tit NVL L cng vic hch ton kt hp gia kho v phng k ton nhm mc ch theo di cht ch tnh hnh nhp - xut - tn cho tng loi c v s lng, cht lng v chng loi. 1.3.1.1. Phng php ghi th song song Nguyn tc: ghi theo ch tiu hin vt v gi tr Trnh t ghi chp + kho: dng th kho phn nh tnh hnh nhp - xut - tn v mt s lng Bc 1: Cn c vo chng t (phiu nhp v phiu xut nguyn vt liu) th kho thc hin vic nhp - xut nguyn vt liu v hin vt. Sau vo th kho ct nhp v xut tng ng
  • 11. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 11 Bc 2: Th kho thng xuyn i chiu gia s tn thc t vi s tn trn th kho. Bc 3: Cui thng th kho tnh ra s tn v mt hin vt cho tng loi nguyn vt liu trn th kho. Bc 4: Hng ngy hoc nh k sau ki ghi xong th kho th ngi th kho chuyn chng t phiu nhp - phiu xut cho k ton nguyn vt liu thng qua bin bn bn giao (bn giao nhn chng t). + phng k ton: hch ton chi tit nguyn vt liu theo phng php th song song Bc 1: Hng ngy hoc nh k sau khi nhn c chng t do th kho chuyn n k ton nguyn vt liu ghi n gi, sau tnh thnh tin cho tng phiu nhp hoc phiu xut. Bc 2: K ton nguyn vt liu vo s k ton chi tit nguyn vt liu cho tng loi nguyn vt liu c v hin vt v gi tr. Bc 3: cui thng k ton nguyn vt liu tnh ra s tn c v hin vt v gi tr cho tng loi nguyn vt liu trn s chi tit. Lp k hoch i chiu vi th kho v hin vt, nu c chnh lch phi tm nguyn nhn v iu chnh. K ton nguyn vt liu i chiu vi k ton tng hp v gi tr, sau lp bng tng hp nhp xut tn trn c s s liu ca s chi tit. u im: ghi chp n gin, d kim tra, i chiu Nhc im: Vic ghi chp cn trng lp v ch tiu s lng. Hn ch chc nng kim tra ca k ton do cui thng mi tin hnh kim tra, i chiu. Phm vi p dng: thch hp trong cc doanh nghip c t chng loi nguyn vt liu, khi lng cc nghip v nhp - xut t, khng thng xuyn v trnh chuyn mn ca cn b k ton cn hn ch. S 1:Theo phng php th song song. Th kho Chng t nhp Chng t xut
  • 12. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 12 Ghi ch: - Ghi hng ngy: - Ghi cui thng: - Ghi i chiu: 1.3.1.2. Phng php s i chiu lun chuyn Nguyn tc: ghi theo ch tiu s lng v gi tr Trnh t ghi chp: + kho: ging phng php th song song trn + phng k ton: hch ton chi tit nguyn vt liu theo phng php s i chiu lun chuyn. Bc 1: Hng ngy hoc nh k sau khi nhn c chng t th kho chuyn n k ton nguyn vt liu ghi n gi tnh thnh tin. Bc 2: K ton nguyn vt liu phn loi chng t phiu nhp nguyn vt liu v phiu xut nguyn vt liu. Da trn c s phiu nhp nguyn vt liu lp bng k nhp nguyn vt liu c v hin vt ln gi tr. Da trn c s phiu xut nguyn vt liu lp bng k xut nguyn vt liu c v hin vt ln gi tr.
  • 13. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 13 Bc 3: Cui thng k ton nguyn vt liu ly s liu trn bng k nhp v bng k xut vo bng i chiu lun chuyn, vo ct nhp ct xut cho tng loi nguyn vt liu tng ng. Cui thng k ton nguyn vt liu tnh ra s tn c v hin vt v gi tr cho tng loi nguyn vt liu trn s i chiu lun chuyn. S tn cui thng ny l s tn ca u thng tip theo. Cui thng k ton nguyn vt liu lp k hoch i chiu vi th kho v hin vt. Nu c chnh lch phi tm nguyn nhn iu chnh. u im: khi lng ghi chp ca k ton c gim do ch ghi mt ln vo cui thng Nhc im: cng vic ca k ton vt t thng dn vo cui thng lm cho cc bo co k ton thng khng kp thi Phm vi p dng: thch hp vi cc doanh nghip c khi lng nghip v nhp - xut khng nhiu, khng b tr ring nhn vin k ton chi tit nguyn vt liu, do vy khng c iu kin theo di tnh hnh nhp - xut hng ngy. S 2: Phng php s i chiu lun chuyn. Ghi ch: - Ghi hng ngy: Th kho Chng t nhp Chng t xut S i chiu Lun chuyn Bng k nhp Bng k xut
  • 14. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 14 - Ghi cui thng: - Ghi i chiu: 1.3.1.3. Phng php ghi s s d: Nguyn tc: ti kho ghi chp theo ch tiu s lng, cn ti phng k ton theo ch tiu gi tr + kho: Th kho ghi chp s bin ng nhp - xut - tn ca tng loi hin vt trn th kho ging nh phng php th song song nhng cui thng th kho lp s s d trn c s s liu s tn nguyn vt liu trn th kho, sau chuyn s ny cho k ton nguyn vt liu. + phng k ton: hch ton chi tit nguyn vt liu theo phng php s s d. Bc 1: Hng ngy hoc nh k sau khi nhn c chng t do th kho em n ghi n gi tnh thnh tin. Bc 2: nh k 5 hoc 10 ngy k ton nguyn vt liu tng hp gi tr nguyn vt liu nhp v xut vo bng k lu k nhp xut tn. Bc 3: Cui thng k ton nguyn vt liu tnh ra s tn v gi tr cho tng loi nguyn vt liu trn bng k lu k nhp - xut - tn. Bc 4: Cui thng sau khi nhn c s s d do th kho chuyn n k ton tnh thnh tin cho tng loi nguyn vt liu tn kho v ghi vo s s d ct gi tr. Bc 5: Cui thng k ton nguyn vt liu t tin hnh i chiu s liu v gi tr s s d v bng k lu k nhp xut tn, nu c chnh lch phi tm nguyn nhn v iu chnh. Bc 6: Cui thng k ton nguyn vt liu i chiu vi k ton tng hp v tng gi tr nhp xut tn, nu c chnh lch phi tm nguyn nhn v iu chnh. u im: gim c khi lng ghi chp hng ngy.
  • 15. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 15 Nhc im: kh kim tra khi sai st v phng k ton ch theo di v mt gi tr tng nhm nguyn vt liu. Phm vi p dng: ph hp trong cc doanh nghip c khi lng cc nghip v kinh t v nhp - xut din ra thng xuyn, nhiu chng loi v xy dng c h thng danh im nguyn vt liu, dng gi hch ton hch ton hng ngy tnh hnh nhp - xut - tn, yu cu v trnh cn b k ton ca doanh nghip tng i cao.
  • 16. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 16 S 3: K ton chi tit nguyn vt liu theo phng php s s d. Ghi ch: - Ghi hng ngy: - Ghi cui thng: - Ghi i chiu: 1.3.2. Chng t k ton s dng TK 152 - Nguyn liu, nguyn vt liu Kt cu: * Bn n: + Tr gi vn thc t NVL nhp kho + S tin iu chnh tng gi NVL khi nh gi li + Tr gi NVL tha pht hin khi kim k * Bn c: + Tr gi vn thc t NVL sut kho +S tin gim gi chit khu thng mi hng mua + Tr gi NVL thiu pht hin khi kim k. * S d n: phn nh tr gi vn thc t NVL tn kho cui k k ton Th kho Chng t nhp Chng t xut Bng lu k Nhp - xut - tn Phiu giao nhn chng t nhp Phiu giao nhn chng t xut S s d Bng k nhp Bng lu k xut
  • 17. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 17 TK 151 - Hng mua ang i ng - Bn n: +Phn nh gi tr hng mua ang i ng - Bn c: + Phn nh tr gi hng mua ang i ng thng trc, thng ny v nhp kho hng a vo s dng ngay. TK 6111 - Mua hng Bn n: - Gi tr thc t vt t tn u k theo kim k. - Gi tr thc t ca vt t mua vo trong k Bn c: - Gi thc t vt t tn cui k theo kim k - Gi tr thc t ca vt t tr li ngi bn hoc c ngi bn gim gi - Gi tr thc t vt t xut trong k (ghi mt ln vo cui k) Cui k: Khng c s d Ti khon ny c chi tit thnh 2 ti khon cp 2 - Ti khon 6111 - Mua NVLtheo di gi tr NVL - Ti khon 6112 - Mua hng ho dng phn nh gi tr hng ho 1.3.3. Phng php k ton tng hp NVL 1.3.3.1. K ton tng hp NVL theo phng php k khai thng xuyn - Phng php k khai thng xuyn l cch phng php theo di v phn nh tnh hnh hin c, bin ng tng, gim hng TK ni chung v nguyn vt liu ni ring mt cch thng xuyn, lin tc tn cc TK phn nh tng loi phng php ny c s dng ph bin v c c chnh xc cao v cung cp thng tin mt cch kp thi, cp nht. Ti bt k thi im no k ton cng c th xc nh c nhp - xut - tn kho tng loi hng tn kho ni chung v nguyn vt liu ni ring nhng bn cnh phng php ny cn mt s hn ch l tn nhiu thi gian v cng sc.
  • 18. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 18 S 4: Hch ton tng hp nguyn vt liu theo phng php khu tr thng xuyn (thu GTGT theo phng php khu tr) TK 151 TK 152 TK 621 Nguyn vt liu i ng k trc k ny v nhp kho Xut ch to sn phm TK 331, 111, 112, 141, 331 Tng do mua ngoi (phng php khu tr VAT) Thu VAT c khu tr TK 133 TK 333 Thu nhp khu TK 411 Nhp cp pht, khong thng TK 642,3381 Tha pht hin khi kim k TK 128, 222 Nhp li vn gp lin doanh TK 627, 641,642 Xut cho sn xut chung bn hng, QLDN TK 632 (157) Xut gi bn TK 128, 222 Xut gp vn lin doanh TK 1381, 642 Thiu pht hin khi kim k TK 154 Xut thu ngoi gia cng TK 412 nh gi gim nh gi tng
  • 19. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 19 * c im ca phng php k khai thng xuyn L phng php theo di v phn nh tnh hnh hin c, bin ng tng, gim hng tn kho ni chung v nguyn vt liu ni ring mt cch thng xuyn lin tc trn cc ti khon phn nh tng loi hng tn kho. Phng php ny c s dng ph bin v c chnh xc cao v cung cp thng tin v hng tn kho mt cch kp thi, cp nht. Ti bt k thi im no cng c th xc nh c lng nhp- xut- tn nguyn vt liu. Tuy nhin phng php ny khng nn p dng i vi nhng doanh nghip c gi tr n v hng tn kho nh, thng xuyn xut dng, xut bn. K ton s dng cc ti khon sau: - TK 152- nguyn liu, nguyn vt liu: theo di gi thc t ca ton b NVL hin c, tng gim qua kho doanh nghip. - TK 151- Hng mua i ng: dng theo di gi tr NVL m doanh nghip mua hay chp nhn mua nhng cha v nhp kho. Ngoi ra, trong qu trnh hch ton, k ton cn s dng mt s ti khon lin quan khc nh 113, 112, 111, 331... Trnh t hch ton: k ton tng hp NVL theo phng php k khai thng xuyn. * Phng php k ton nhp, xut NVL + Phng php k ton nhp nguyn vt liu - Khi mua nguyn vt liu, nguyn vt liu v c chng t km theo: N TK 152 N TK 133 C TK 111,112.331... - Nguyn vt liu v cha c chng t km theo: vn lm th tc nhp kho nguyn vt liu v hin vt nhng cha ghi s k ton ngay m i n cui thng nu ha n v th ghi s ging trng hp trn. Nu cui thng chng t vn cha v th ghi s theo t gi tm tnh. Sang thng sau nu chng t v, so snh gi thc t vi gi tm tnh ghi s.
  • 20. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 20 - Trng hp ho n v nhng hng cha v, k ton cha ghi s ngay m lu ho n vo tp h s ring. Nu trong thng hng v nhp kho, k ton ghi s ging trng hp c hng v ho n cng v. Nu cui thng hng vn cha v, k ton ghi s: N TK 151 N TK 133 C TK 111,112,331 Sang u thng sau, khi hng v nhp kho, k ton ghi: N TK 152 C TK 151 - Trng hp DN mua hng c hng chit khu thanh ton: N TK 111,112,331 C TK 515 - Trng hp hng tha hoc thiu so vi ho n: + Trng hp hng tha so vi ho n: Nu nhp kho ton b (k c hng tha) N TK 152 N TK 133 C Tk 111, 112, 331 C TK 338(1) Khi x l gi tr hng tha N TK 338(1) C Tk 642 C TK 711 C TK 331 C TK 152 + Trng hp hng thiu so vi ho n: N TK 152 N TK 138(1) N TK 133
  • 21. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 21 C TK 331,111,112 Khi x l gi tr hng tha: N TK 642 N TK 1388,334 N TK 415,821,411 C TK 1381 * Nguyn vt liu do nh nc cp hoc cp trn cp hoc ca cc c nhn, c ng gp, cc bn gp vn lin doanh hoc c tng thng. N TK 152 C TK 411 - Nhn li vn gp lin doanh trc y bng NVL N TK 152 C TK 222,128,228 - Nhp kho nguyn vt liu ch bin hoc thu ngoi ch bin N TK 152 C TK 154 + Phng php xut NVL - Cn c vo bng phn b nguyn vt liu phn b nguyn vt liu vo TK chi ph ph hp N TK 621 N TK 627 N TK 641 N TK 642 C TK 152 - Xut nguyn vt liu gia cng ch bin N TK 154 C TK 152 - Xut nguyn vt liu gp vn lin doanh: khi gp vn phi tnh li gi nguyn vt liu
  • 22. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 22 + S vn gp LD l nguyn vt liu bng gi tr nguyn vt liu ghi trn s k ton N TK 222,128,228 C TK 152 +S vn gp LD l nguyn vt liu ln hn gi tr nguyn vt liu ghi trn s k ton N TK 222,128,228 C TK 152 C TK 412 + S vn gp LD l nguyn vt liu nh hn gi tr nguyn vt liu ghi trn s k ton N TK 222,128,228 N TK 412 C TK 152 - Bn nguyn vt liu tha, ng, chm lun chuyn + Thu tin bn nguyn vt liu: N TK 111,112 C TK 511 C TK 3331 + Kt chuyn gi vn ca nguyn vt liu tiu th: N TK 632 C TK 152 * Kim k cc nghip v lin quan n kim k NVL + Trng hp kim nhn NVL: Nhp ton b hng th cn c vo chng t N TK 152, 1331 C TK 3381 - Cn c vo cc qui nh x l: + Tr li
  • 23. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 23 N TK 3381 C TK 152 + Nu doanh nghip ng mua tip s hng tha khi n v bn phi vit ho n b sung: N TK 338 (1), 133 (1) C TK 331 - Nu tha khng xc nh c nguyn nhn th ghi tng thu nhp khc N TK 3381 C TK 711, 632 - K ton cn c vo ho n: N TK 152 C TK 133, 331 - S hng tha coi nh gi h n v bn: * Ghi n: N TK 002 * Ghi n: C TK 002 + Trng hp kim nhn khi pht hin thiu - Khi nhp kho, cn c vo cc chng t, k ton ghi: N TK 152, 331, 138 C TK 331 - Khi xc nhn nguyn nhn, cn c vo cc qui nh x l, k ton ghi theo tng trng hp: - Nu do n v bn giao thiu v phi giao tip s hng thiu, khi n v bn giao hng, cn c vo cc chng t. N TK 152 C TK 1381 + Trng hp kim k kho NVL: - Trng hp kim k pht ihn tha cha r nguyn nhn - Cn c vo bin bn kim k, k ton ghi: N TK 152
  • 24. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 24 C TK 3381 - Khi c quyt nh x l, k ton ghi: N TK 3381 C TK 711, 632 - Trng hp kim k pht hin thiu cha r nguyn nhn - Cn c vo bin bn kim k N TK 1381 C TK 152 - Khi c qu trnh x l Nu hng thiu ht trong nh mc cho php N TK 632 C TK 1381 Nu ngi chu trch nhim phi bi thng N TK 111, 1388, 334 C TK 1381 - Gi tr hng thiu ht cn li sau khi tr i phn c bi thng c phn nh gi vn hng bn. N TK 632 C TK 138 (1) 1.3.3.2. K ton tng hp NVL theo phng php kim k nh k Theo phng thc ny, gi tr vt t xut dng c tnh theo cng thc Gi tr xut kho = Gi tr tn; u k - Gi tr nhp; trong k - Gi tr tn; cui k Cc TK 151, 152 ch phn nh kt chuyn gi tr nguyn vt liu tn u k v cui k ch khng phn nh bin ng tng, gim nguyn vt liu nn phng php ny k ton s dng TK 611
  • 25. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 25 S 5: K ton tng hp NVL theo phng php kim k nh k TK 151, 152 TK 611 TK 151,152 Kt chuyn gi tr NVL tn u k TK 111,331,141 Gi tr NVL mua vo (phng php trc tip) Gi tr NVL mua vo (phng php khu tr) TK 1331 Thu VAT c khu tr TK 333 Thu nhp khu TK 411 Nhp vn lin doanh cp pht, tng thng TK 412 nh gi tng nguyn vt liu Kt chuyn gi tr NVL cui k TK 331 Gi tr hng mua tr li TK 1331 Thu VAT khng c khu tr ca hng tr li TK 632 Gi tr nguyn vt liu xut dng TK 821,138,334 Gi tr thiu ht mt mt TK 412 nh gi gim nguyn vt liu
  • 26. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 26 * c im ca phng php kim k nh k L phng php khng theo di mt cch thng xuyn, lin tc v tnh hnh bin ng ca cc loi vt t hng ho... trn cc ti khon khng phn nh tng loi hng tn kho m ch phn nh gi tr tn kho u k v cui k ca chng trn c s kim k cui k, xc nh lng tn kho thc t v lng xut dng cho sn xut kinh doanh v cc mc ch khc. chnh xc khng cao, tit kim c cng vic ghi chp, thch hp vi cc n v kinh doanh chng loi vt t khc nhau, gi tr thp, thng xuyn xut dng, xut bn. K ton s dng cc ti khon sau: - TK 611: Mua hng (tiu khon 6111- mua NVL): dng theo di tnh hnh thu mua, tng, gim NVL theo gi thc t, t xc nh gi tr vt t xut dng. - TK 152- Nguyn liu: gi tr thc t tn kho ca NVL. - TK 151- Hng mua i ng: dng phn nh gi tr s hng mua nhng ang i ng hay gi ti kho ngi bn. Ngoi ra cn s dng cc ti khon khc nh 133, 331, 111, 112... c ni dung v kt cu nh phng php k khai thng xuyn. * Phng php k ton cc nghip v ch yu Trnh t hch ton: * Kt chuyn tn u k - Kt chuyn gi thc t nguyn vt liu tn kho u k N TK 611 C TK 152, 151 i vi nguyn vt liu nhp trong k: -Tng do mua: N TK 611 N TK 133 C TK 111,112,331
  • 27. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 27 - Do nh nc cp, cp trn cp, cc c nhn c ng gp vn, c biu tng bng nguyn vt liu N TK 611 C TK 411 - Kim k nguyn vt liu pht hin tha N TK 611 C TK 3381 - Tnh gi li nguyn vt liu nu tng gi: N TK 611 C TK 412 Cui k k ton - Xc nh nguyn vt liu c ho n nhng cui thng cha v kho N TK 151 C TK 611 - Kim k kho nguyn vt liu, sau xc nh gi tr nguyn vt liu tn kho theo gi mua thc t ln cui cng. N TK 152 C TK 611 - Trong k nu c hng gim gi khi mua nguyn vt liu: N TK 111, 112 C TK 611 - Nu tr li nguyn vt liu cho nh cung cp N TK 111,112 C TK 611 C TK 133 Tnh gi tr nguyn vt liu xut s dng trong k:
  • 28. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 28 Gi tr VL xut s dng trong k= Gi tr VL nhp trong k + gi tr VL tn K- gi tr VL tn CK- Gim gi VL khi mua- gi tr VL mua tr li ngi bn N TK 621 N TK 627 N TK 641 N TK 642 C TK 611 Nu nguyn vt liu s dng cho nhiu mc ch phi p dng phng php phn b ph hp tnh gi nguyn vt liu cho tng mc ch s dng 1.3.3.3. nh gi li v k ton cc nghip v k ton nguyn vt liu - Khi nh gi li NVL, doanh nghip phi thnh lp hi ng hoc ban nh gi sau khi nh gi phi lp nh gi NVL. Chnh lch nh gi, nh gi ghi trn s k ton c phn nh vo TK 412 - chnh lch nh gi li ti sn. Cn c vo chng t k ton ghi: - Nu nh gi tng: N TK 152 C TK 412 - Nu nh gi gim: N TK 412 C TK 152 - Cn c vo cc quy nh ca c quan c thm quyn x l khon chnh lch gia nh gi li - Chnh lch tng do nh gi li c ghi tng ngun vn kinh doanh N TK 412 C TK 411
  • 29. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 29 - Chnh lch nh gi gim do nh gi c ghi gim ngun vn kinh doanh N TK 411 C TK 412 1.3.3.4. K ton d phng gim gi nguyn vt liu tn kho * Mc ch lp phng: D phng gim gi NVL thc cht l vic ghi nhn trc mt khon chi ph cha thc chi vo chi ph kinh doanh ca nin c ngun ti chnh b p nhng thit hi c th xy ra trong nin lin sau cc yu t khch quan lm gim gi vt t. Mc ch ca lp d phng gim gi NVL phng s gim gia gi th trng vi gi gc trn s sch. c bit khi chuyn nhng, cho vay, thanh l. Bn cnh , k ton cng c th xc nh gi tr thc t ca NVL trn h thng bo co ti chnh. * Nguyn tc xc nh: - S d phng cn phi lp cng da trn s lng ca mi loi NVL theo kim k thc tin din bin gi trong nm c kt hp vi d bo gi s din bin trong nin tip theo. Ta c: Mc d phng cn phi lp ; trong nin sau = S lng NVL mi loi x Mc chnh lch; gim gi ca mi loi - Theo quy nh ch lp d phng gim gi ca nhng NVL thuc quyn s hu doanh nghip, c nhng chng t k ton hp l, hp php, chng minh gi gc ca chng. - Nh vy, v mt kinh t cng nh ti chnh, hnh vi d phng cho php doanh nghip lun thc hin c nhng nguyn tc xc nh ti sn theo gi ph gc, li va c th ghi nhn trn cc bo co ti chnh ca mnh gi tr thc t ca ti sn, mt khc d phng to lp cho mi doanh nghip
  • 30. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 30 mt qu tin t sc khc phc trc mt nhng thit hi c th xy ra trong kinh doanh. * Phng php k ton - TK s dng dng theo di tnh hnh trch lp v hon nhp d phng gim gi NVL v cc loi hng tn kho khc l TK 159 - d phng gim gi hng tn kho. Kt cu ca TK 159: - Bn n: Hon nhp d phng gim gi hng tn kho - Bn c: trch lp d phng gim gi hng tn kho trch vo chi ph - S d c: Phn nh s trch lp d phng gim gi hng tn kho hin c. - Cui nin k ton cn c vo s lng hng ho, vt t, hng tn kho v kh nng gim gi tng th ca vt t hng ho xc nh trch lp d phng tnh vo chi ph: N TK 632 C TK 159 - cui nin k ton sau tip tc tnh ton mc cn lp d phng gim gi hng tn kho cho nm tip theo. Sau s so snh s d phng lp cui k k ton ca nm trc. - Nu s d phng phi np nm nay, s d phng lp nm trc th s chnh lch ln hn c trch lp b sung: N TK 632 C TK 159 - S d phng ca nm nay nh hn s d phng lp nm trc th s chnh lch nh hn nm trc. N TK 159 C TK 632 1.3.4.H thng s sch k ton s dng trong hch ton NVL
  • 31. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 31 cc doanh nghip vic s dng loi s no trong hch ton nguyn vt liu l tu thuc vo hnh thc k ton m doanh nghip ang p dng. Theo ch k ton hin hnh c th s dng mt trong cc hnh thc s k ton sau: - Nht k chung - Nht k - chng t - Chng t ghi s - Nht k s ci Mi mt hnh thc s k ton s c mt h thng s v c quy nh ghi s ring. S 6: S trnh t k ton ca Nht k chung Ghi ch: Ghi hng ngy : Ghi cui thng, nh k : Quan h i chiu : Chng t gc S nhp k chung Bng C s pht sinh S ci Bo co ti chnh Bng khong hp chi tit Th s k ton chi tit S nht k c bit
  • 32. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 32 S 7: Trnh t k ton theo hnh thc chng t ghi s S 8: Trnh t k ton theo hnh thc nht k - chng t Chng t gc Bng tng hp chng t gc S ci Chng t ghi s Bng C s PS Th s k ton chi tit S qu Bo co ti chnh Bng khong hp chi tit S ng k chng t ghi s Chng t gc v cc bng phn b Nht k chng t S ci Bo co ti chnh Th, s k ton chi tit Bng k Bng tng hp chi tit
  • 33. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 33 S 9: S k ton hnh thc nht k s ci Chng t gc Bng tng hp Chng t gc Nht k - s ci Bo co ti chnh Th, s k ton chi tit S qu Bng tng hp chi tit
  • 34. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 34 Chng 2: Thc trng cng tc hch ton nguyn vt liu ti Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni 2.1. Khi qut chung v Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni 2.1.1. Qu trnh hnh thnh v Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni c tr s t ti T 1 phng Vnh Hng - qun Hong Mai - H Ni Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni l doanh nghip t nhn thuc s qun l v mt Nh nc ca cc S, Ban, Ngnh thuc thnh ph H Ni. Cng ty c thnh lp ngy 5/1/2004. S vn kinh doanh u tin ca cng ty l 255.725 triu ng + Vn c nh: 102.025 triu ng + Vn lu ng: 53.700 triu ng Cng ty c t cch php nhn, hch ton k ton c lp, c con du v ti khon ring. T chu trch nhim trc Php lut v bnh ng trc php lut. 2.1.2. Chc nng, nhim v ca cng ty Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni c thnh lp vi chc nng chnh l sn xut kinh doanh mt hng bao b v cc ph liu theo cc n t hng Cng ty c trch nhim - sn xut kinh doanh ng ngnh ngh ng k v mc ch thnh lp - Bo ton v pht trin vn c giao
  • 35. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 35 - Thc hin y nhim v v ngha v i vi Nh nc - Thc hin phn phi theo lao ng v khng ngng chm lo ci thin i sng vt cht v tinh thn, bi dng v nng cao trnh vn ho, khoa hc k thut v chuyn mn cho CBCNV. - Bo v doanh nghip, bo v sn xut, bo v mi trng, gi gn an ninh chnh tr, trt t an ton x hi, lm trn ngha v quc phng 2.1.3. Nhng thun li v kh khn nh hng n cng tc hch ton ca Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni * Thun li: Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni c nhng thun li nht nh l s n lc ng lng ca ton th CBCNV trong cng ty. Nm bt th trng mt cch nhanh nhy mua c nguyn vt liu vi gi r, cht lng tt cho ra i nhng sn phm tt nht. * Kh khn: Bn cnh , cng ty cng gp phi nhng kh khn rt ln. L mt doanh nghip t nhn trong nn kinh t th trng hin nay vi tc cnh tranh khc lit cng gy nhng nh hng i vi cng ty. 2.1.4. T chc b my qun l v c cu sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty 2.1.4.1. T chc b my qun l Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni l doanh nghip t nhn. B my qun l, iu hnh ca cng ty c t chc kt hp 2 hnh thc trc tuyn v chc nng. Hnh thc ny ph hp vi cng ty qun l v iu hnh tt qu trnh sn xut trong cng ty qun l v iu hnh tt qu trnh sn xut trong c cu trc tuyn v chc nng, quyn lc ca doanh nghip tp trung vo gim c cng ty.
  • 36. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 36 S 10: T chc b my ca cng ty 2.1.4.2. Chc nng nhim v ca cc b phn, cc phng ban * Gim c cng ty Gim c cng ty l i din php nhn ca Cng ty chu trch nhim trc php lut. Gim c l ngi thc hin lnh o v iu hnh trc tip cc phng ban v phn xng. ng thi gim c cng chnh l ngi chu trch nhim k xc nhn vo cc loi phiu thu, phiu chi, cc bn hp ng. v cc bo co ti chnh (bng cn i k ton, bo co kt qu kinh doanh, bo co lu chuyn tin t). * Ph gim c L ngi di quyn gim c iu hnh mt hoc mt s lnh vc hot ng ca cng ty theo phn cng ca gim c Gim c Ph gim c Phng k hoch Phng k thut Phng t chc lao ng Phng k ton ti v Phng cht lng Phng hnh chnh Phng c in Phng bo v T ct dn T phc hp T gp lng T in
  • 37. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 37 ng thi ph gim c l ngi thay mt gim c k vo cc hp ng giy t lu thng v mt s giy t khc v chu trch nhim trc gim c v php lut v nhim v c phn cng. * K ton trng cng ty L ngi ng du b my ti chnh k ton gip gim c cng ty ch o, t chc, thc hin cng tc ti chnh k ton thng k ca cng ty theo ng php lnh k ton thng k. K ton cng ty c quyn v nhim v theo iu lnh k ton trng. * Phng k hoch: ( gm 5 ngi) Chc nng: Tham mu cho gim c v cng tc k hoch ho v iu sn xut, tm ngi v th trng mua cc yu t u vo v cc yu t u ra. Nhim v - Trn c s mc tiu trn, chin lc v th trng xy dng cc k hoch ngn hn, trung hn, di hn ph hp vi ngun lc ca doanh nghip. - Phn b k hoch thng, qu cho cc n v. - iu sn xut, phi hp hot ng ca cc n v thc hin k hoch t hiu qu cao nht. - Khai thc, tip nhn, qun l, cp pht vt t nguyn ph liu chnh xc, kp thi phc v sn xut. - Thanh quyt ton hp ng vt t, nguyn ph liu vi cc khch hng v cc n v ni b. - T chc tt vic tiu th: giao hng gia cng, bn hng sn xut v cc dch v khc. - Lp bo co thng k k hoch quy nh * Phng k thut: (gm 6 ngi) Chc nng: Tham mu cho gim c trong cng tc qun l k thut v cng ngh sn xut Nhim v:
  • 38. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 38 - Xy dng v qun l cc quy trnh cng ngh sn xut cc loi sn phm, xut phng hng pht trin c cu mt hng, nghin cu xut cc loi sn phm mi. - Xy dng v ch o thc hin chng trnh cng ngh sn xut cc loi sn phm xut phng hng pht trin c cu mt hng, nghin cu xut cc loi sn phm mi. - Xy dng v ch o thc hin chng trnh nghin cu sng kin ci tin k thut, hp l ho sn xut pht trin khoa hc cng ngh. - Xy dng tiu chun k thut, cht lng, sn phm, xy dng nh mc kinh t k thut - t chc hng dn kim tra v qun l cht lng sn phm. - T chc lm th mu sn phm, ch th, gic th - Qun l k thut v tnh trng thit b, my mc, h thng in trong cng ty * Phng t chc cn b, lao ng, tin lng Phng T chc - CBLTL c 6 nhn vin c nhim v qun l chung cng tc v nhn lc. l vic sp xp, iu ng nhn lc hp l theo yu cu ca sn xut kinh doanh. cng l vic tuyn dng, sa thi cn b cng nhn vin. Bn cnh phng cng c mt ngi chuyn k xc nhn vo bng thanh ton lng v tnh cc nh mc lng cho tng k. * Phng cht lng Phng cht lng bao gm 2 nhn vin c nhim v kim nh v theo di cht lng sn phm, m bo ng yu cu cht lng k thut sn xut. * Phng Hnh chnh Phng hnh chnh bao gm 5 nhn vin m bo v cc iu kin lm vic cho cng ty nh: h thng kho tng, nh xng, phng tin i li qun l iu hnh cng tc vn th, bo v, cng tc nh kho. y cng l phng hnh thnh v chu trch nhim v cc chng t chi mua, chi phc v cc hot ng tip khch, hi hp
  • 39. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 39 * Phng k ton ti chnh Phng k ton ti chnh bao gm 6 ngi. y l c quan tham mu v t chc thc hin cc nghip v k ton ti chnh cho gim c, kim sot v chu trch nhim v ton b nhng hot ng ca cng ty c lin quan n lnh vc ti chnh chu trch nhim trong vic to ngun v s dng c hiu qu phc v cho nhu cu v vn ca hot ng sn xut kinh doanh. Phng chu trch nhim v phn tch ti chnh cho gim c nm tnh hnh ca ton cng ty. Cng vi cc b phn chc nng v phn xng, phng k ton ti chnh lp ra cc nh mc vt t k thut, xy dng n gi tin lng, n gi sn phm Ngoi ra phng cn phi cn c vo s liu bo ln t phn xng v phng k hoch tnh ra gi thnh cng xng v gi thnh y lm cn c cho phng k hoch. 2.1.4.3. Khi qut v qu trnh sn xut bao b Xut pht t nhng c im trong sn xut bao b m bo sn xut lin tc, nng sut v cht lng cao, qu trnh sn xut bao b c chia lm 2 qu trnh: + Qu trnh chun b sn xut + Qu trnh sn xut chnh * Qu trnh chun b sn xut l nhim v tnh ton cn i chun b tt c cc iu kin v vt t; chun b v k thut (thit k cc loi mu theo n t hng v lp quy trnh cng ngh) lm c s cho qu trnh sn xut chnh. * Qu trnh sn xut l s t chc thc hin, bm st tiu chun k thut, cc ch tiu nh mc kinh t - x hi, xy dng cc phng php t chc sn xut cc cng on nhm tng. Qu trnh sn xut bao b c chia thnh c cng on: + i vi sn phm ghp: gm 4 cng on - Nhp mng Trung Quc, in
  • 40. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 40 - Cng on ghp (phc hp) - Cng on gp lng - Cng on ct dn. + i vi sn phm khng ghp: Gm 5 cng on - Cng on thi t ht nha. - Cng on mng ng. - Cng on in - Cng on gi hng - Cng on ct dn Cc cng on ny lin kt cht ch vi nhau, nng sut cht lng ca mi cng on u c nh hng trc tip n nhau. Qu trnh sn xut bao b c ngha rt quan trng. Qu trnh ny bao qut ton b cc cng vic c bn t khi nguyn liu nhp kho n khi sn phm xut xng. N th hin c mi quan h mt thit gia cc bc cng vic vi nhau, vi qu trnh sn xut. Qua qu trnh sn xut th h c th bit c v tr v nh hng ca n i vi nng sut, cht lng sn phm ca ton n v m t phn u vn ln hon thnh c giao. 2.1.5. c im t chc b my ca cng ty 2.1.5.1. T chc b my k ton Phng k ton gm c 6 ngi hnh thnh nn b my k ton ca cng ty. B my k ton s hu mt phng k ton ti chnh ring v chu s ch o trc tip ca gim c. Ta c: S 11: S t chc b my k ton K ton trng K ton chi ph, gi thnh v tn kho NVL K ton doanh thu, thu v tn kho thnh phm K ton tin gi ngn hng K ton tin mt v thanh ton lng Th qu
  • 41. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 41 * Chc nng v nhim v ca tng ngi trong b my k ton - K ton trng chu trch nhim t chc b my k ton ph hp vi t chc sn xut v yu cu qun l ca cng ty. L ngi iu hnh cng vic chung b my k ton ng thi kim k k ton theo di tnh hnh tng, gim, trch khu hao ti sn c nh v tnh hnh tng, gim gi tr cng c dng c, phn b gi tr cng c dng c xut dng vo chi ph. K ton trng l ngi lp cc chng t ghi s vo cui mi qu thng qua cc bng tng hp v chi tit cc thnh vin trong b my k ton, chu trch nhim v cc bo co k ton lp. ng thi k ton trng phi l ngi ph bin cc ch , th l ti chnh mi cho cc k ton vin trong b my k ton chu trch nhim kim tra kim sot vic chp hnh ch , bo v ti sn, vt t, tin vn cho cng ty. - K ton tng hp L ngi c nhim v theo di, qun l v xy dng cc bo co tng hp nh: Bo co tng hp nhp - xut - tn kho NVL, bo co Thu chi tin mt.. ng thi k ton tng hp kim lun phn k ton tin gi ngn hng, chu trch nhim giao dch, k cc hp ng vay mn v theo di tnh hnh tng, gim chi ph ca ti khon tin gi ngn hng, chu trch nhim v vay ngn hng v thanh ton vi ngn hng. - K ton doanh thu v thu C nhim v theo di cc khon phi thu, phi tr khch hng v hng ho v NVL, cc dch v c phc v cng vi cc khon ng trc v tr trc cho khch hng. ng thi theo di cc khon thu phi np cho Nh
  • 42. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 42 nc, theo di, qun l v phn nh kp thi v y tnh hnh nhp xut tn kho thnh phm. - K ton thanh ton tin mt v tm ng L ngi chu trch nhim thanh ton bng tin mt cho cc nhu cu v thanh ton ca cng ty, c nhim v i chiu, theo di tin lng phi tr cn c vo bng tin lng do phng t chc lao ng v tin lng tnh ra da trn cc bng chm cng ca qun c phn xng. ng thi vi vic theo di cc khon thanh ton bng tin mt, k ton cn theo di cc khon tm ng v thanh ton tm ng. - K ton tp hp chi ph, tnh gi thnh v tn kho NVL L ngi c nhim v theo di v hch ton tng hp cc khon chi ph tnh gi thnh sn phm. C th k ton tng hp cc khon chi ph sn xut, xc nh i tng tp hp chi ph v i tng tnh gi thnh, hng dn cc b phn c lin quan lp v lun chuyn cc chng t chi ph cho ph hp vi cc i tng hch ton. Xc nh tiu thc phn b phn b chi ph tnh gi thnh sn phm. ng thi hch ton tng hp v chi tit tnh hnh nhp - xut - tn kho NVL - Th qu Thu qu l ngi chu trch nhim qun l v gi tin mt, thu chi tin sau khi kim tra v thy r cc chng t c y iu kin thanh ton. Th qu l ngi c lin quan cht ch vi k ton tin mt. Hng ngy, th qu vo s qu cc nghip v kinh t pht sinh c lin quan n ti khon tin mt v i chiu s liu vi k ton tin mt. Mc d chia b my k ton theo cc phn hnh ring nhng gia cc phn hnh u c lin quan cht ch v c tc ng qua li vi nhau. n cui k cc k ton vin u phi c cc s liu bo co v phn hnh k ton ca mnh ph trch cho k ton trng lp cc bo co k ton 2.1.5.2. T chc vn dng h thng chng t H thng chng t ca Cng ty c phn thnh 2 loi:
  • 43. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 43 - Cc chng t gc - Cc chng t k ton Trong , cc chng t gc l cc minh chng hp php cho cc nghip v k ton pht sinh trong cng ty. Ngoi phng ti chnh - k ton, cc chng t ny cn c th c hnh thnh t cc phng ban khc nhau nh phng hnh chnh, phng cung ng vt t (phng k hoch) cc chng t gc ny l cc ho n ca nh cung cp, cc phiu nhp kho, xut kho NVL ca phng k hoch, cc loi ho n thanh ton dch v nh dch v Taxi, in nc, in thoi, cc loi v my bay, tu ho c mua phc v cho cc chuyn cng tc ca cng ty, ho n bn hng ca cng ty. ngoi ra chng t gc ca cng ty cn c th l cc giy ngh tm ng, giy ngh thanh ton hay cc hp ng mua bn, vay mn ti sn, vn.. Cc chng t gc ny chnh l c s u tin hnh thnh nn cc chng t k ton. Cc chng t k ton ca cng ty chnh l phiu thu, chi tin mt, cc chng t ghi s c k ton trng lp vo cui mi thng. S liu ca chng t k ton c ly t s liu ca cc chng t gc. Do vy, cc chng t k ton thng c cc chng t gc nh km. V d: 1 phiu chi tin mt thng c nh km - 1 giy ngh thanh ton - 1 ho n mua bn vt t - phiu nhp kho, xut kho vt t, hng ho Sau khi cc chng t k ton c hnh thnh, chng s l cn c ghi chp cc loi s chi tit v tng hp khc. ng thi, cc chng t gc i khi cng l c s trc tip hnh thnh nn cc bng biu phc v cng tc hch ton tng hp. 2.1.5.3. T chc vn dng h thng ti khon k ton Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni s dng hu ht cc ti khon c trong h thng ti khon k ton do B ti chnh ban hnh. Tr mt s ti khon d phng v TK 139, TK 229, TK 159, TK 6111.
  • 44. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 44 H thng ti khon ca cng ty cng bao gm cc ti khon c kt cu dng ti sn, cc ti khon c kt cu dng ngun vn v cc ti khon thanh ton. Ngoi cc ti khon cp 2, cng ty cn c 1 h thng cc doanh thu ti khon chi tit phc v mc ch qun l ca gim c nh: TK 6271 "chi ph sn xut chung" c chi tit thnh cc tiu khon: - TK 62710001: Chi ph ti kho Cng ty - TK 62710002: Chi ph ti t ct dn - TK 6271003: Chi ph t phc hp 2.1.5.4. Hnh thc s k ton v t chc vn dng h thng s sch Vi t cch l mt n v hch ton c lp ca Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni, la chn cho mnh mt hnh thc k ton p dng, l hnh thc k ton "chng t ghi s". Hnh thc ny c p dng t khi cng ty hch ton k ton th cng, khi chuyn sang hch ton trn my vi tnh vn gi nguyn hnh thc ny. nh k lp chng t ghi s ca cng ty l 1 thng. H thng s chi tit c s dng ti cng ty gm: - S chi tit cc ti khon thanh ton (TK 131, TK 331, TK 138, TK 338) - S chi tit cc ti khon tp hp chi ph (TK 621, TK 622, TK 627) Cc s chi tit ny c lp theo nh k l 1 thng. H thng s tng hp bao gm: - Nht k ti khon: cc TK c trong h thng TK ca cng ty V d: Nht k TK 11110000, Nht k TK 15210001, Nht k TK 15210002 - Bo co tng hp nhp - xut - tn NVL 2.1.5.5. T chc vn dng h thng bo co k ton
  • 45. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 45 Cc bo co k ton tng hp nh k vn c lp l: Bng cn i ti khon, bo co kt qu kinh doanh, bo co lu chuyn tin t, bng cn i k ton Cc bo co ny c lp nh k hng thng theo yu cu ca gim c nhm phc v cho nhu cu qun l ton din ca gim c v cng ty Cui qu IV, cc bo co k ton c lp nhm 2 mc ch. - Bo co kt qa hot ng ca thng 8 cho ban qun tr ca cng ty. - Kim ton cc bng khai ti chnh phc v cho nhu cu cng khai ti chnh cho cc i tng khc.
  • 46. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 46 2.2. Thc trng NVL v nhim v ca hch ton NVL ti Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni 2.2.1. c im ca Nguyn vt liu Nguyn vt liu s dng dng cho sn xut bao b c v tr rt quan trng trong qu trnh sn xut bao b ca Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni . Nht l trong iu kin hin nay, yu cu ca th trng rt cao i vi cht lng v mu m, v mu m bao b c p th mi hp dn ngi tiu dng, cht lng bao b phi tt v gi thnh h th cc doanh nghip sn xut hng tiu dng mi t hng. Nguyn liu ti dng cho sn xut bao b c tnh cht c l khng n nh, nht l vi iu kin kh hu nc ta, i hi Cng ty phi c h thng nh kho bo qun, c my iu ho nhit m bo tnh c l ca ti, khng b co gin, v nu khng th khi in sn phm s nh hng rt ln n cht lng sn phm, c th l hnh nh hoc mu m b nho. Mt khc, ti dng cho sn xut bao b ton l ti nhp khu, do vy gi tr ca ti tng i ln. V vy, i hi Cng ty phi qun l tt vic thu mua bo qun ti nhm t hiu qu cao nht, trnh lng ph, t tit kim c chi ph nguyn vt liu trong qu trnh sn xut , lm c s cho vic h gi thnh sn phm c th cnh tranh, ng vng trn th trng. 2.2.2. Phn loi v nh gi NVL * Phn loi NVL Nguyn liu dng trong sn xut bao gm rt nhiu loi ti, nhiu loi mc khc nhau, nhp ca nhiu nc khc nhau. gip cho cng tc hch ton chnh xc vi tng nguyn vt liu th k ton Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni phi phn loi nguyn vt liu theo tng loi ca tng nc ring nhm qun l tt tnh hnh kho v s bin ng ca tng th nguyn vt liu. Nh c s phn loi ny m k ton nguyn vt liu c th theo di tnh hnh bin ng ca tng th nguyn vt liu, do c th cung cp cc thng tin chnh xc v kp thi cho vic lp k hoch thu mua v
  • 47. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 47 d tr nguyn vt liu. Cn c vo cng dng k ton ca nguyn vt liu, Cng ty phn loi nguyn vt liu thnh cc loi ch yu nh sau: Nguyn vt liu chnh: l i tng lao ng ch yu, l c s vt cht cu thnh nn thc th ca sn phm mng Trung Quc, thi t ht nha. Nguyn vt liu ph: gm rt nhiu loi, tuy khng cu thnh nn thc th ca sn phm nhng n ng vai tr rt quan trng trong vic to nn mu m ca bao b tng cht lng sn phm nh: Cc loi mc: trong cc loi mc c chia thnh tng nhm do cc nc sn xut khc nhau v trong mi nhm li c chia thnh cc nhm khc nhau: Nhm mc Nht: mc xanh, mc c, mc sen, mc vng, mc en. Nhm mc c: cc mu xanh, , vng, en. * Tnh gi NVL ti cng ty Tnh gi NVL phc v cho vic m s sch k ton chi tit nhm kim tra, theo di, gim st tnh hnh nhp xut tn kho NVL v mt gi tr. Tu theo c im c th ca NVL ti cng ty m mi n v la chn mt phng php tnh gi ring nh phn l lun chung trnh by Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni tun th quy nh ca B Ti chnh v thu gi tr gia tng, p dng phng php tnh thu gi tr gia tng theo phng php khu tr. Tc l thu GTGT m doanh nghip phi np c tnh bng cng thc: Thu GTGT; phi np = Thu GTGT; u ra - Thu GTGT; u vo Trong : Thu GTGT ;u ra = Gi bn NVL; TP hng ho x T sut thu; thu GTGT v:
  • 48. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 48 Thu GTGT ;u ra = Gi mua NVL; TP hng ho x T sut thu; thu GTGT Do vy gi tr NVL m cng ty theo di, vo s l gi khng c thu. - Tnh gi nhp kho NVL NVL ca cng ty ch yu nhp kho t hot ng mua ngoi nn gi nhp kho NVL c tnh bng cng thc. Gi thc t; nhp kho NVL = Gi mua NVL; ghi trn ho n + Chi ph thu mua; NVL - Gim gi hng bn; nu c NVL ca cng ty c mt s ln c nhp ngoi thng qua hot ng nhp khu u thc song cng ty thng khng tch thu nhp khu theo di ring m hon ton tnh vo gi mua NVL, a vo ti khon phi tr ngi bn theo di chung. Do vy gi mua NVL chnh l gi bao gm c gi gc v thu nhp khu. Mt khc, nh phn trn trnh by, n v tnh thu GTGT theo phng php khu tr nn gi mua NVL l gi khng bao gm thu GTGT. Trong chi ph thu mua thng bao gm ph vn chuyn NVL t ni mua v kho cng ty, ph nhp khu u thc (i vi NVL nhp khu u thc), chi ph bc d NVL - Tnh gi xut kho NVL V mt l thuyt th c rt nhiu phng php tnh gi khc nhau doanh nghip c th la chn. Trn thc t, cc doanh nghip thng da vo c trng ca doanh nghip mnh m s dng phng php tnh gi no cho ph hp. Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni l mt n v sn xut kinh doanh khng ln nhng c s lng cc nghip v xut kho, nhp kho tng i ln trong mt k kinh doanh. Do vy vic la chn phng php tnh gi NVL xut kho nh hng rt ln n tnh hnh chung v qun l cng nh hch ton NVL, t nh hng rt ln n tnh hnh chung v qun l cng nh hch ton NVL nh gi hot ng ca doanh nghip.
  • 49. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 49 Cng ty la chn phng php n gi NVL ni ring cng nh cc loi hng tn kho ni ring. C ngha l trong k k ton, cc nghip v xut kho NVL c k ton vt t ghi chp v mt s lng, n cui k, sau khi tnh ra n gi NVL thc t xut kho, k ton mi tnh ra gi tr NVL xut kho. Ta c: n gi; bnh qun NVL; xut kho = Error! Sau : Gi tr thc t; NVL xut; trong k = S lng; NVL xut; trong k x n gi bnh; qun NVL; xut kho 2.2.3. Thc trng ca hch ton NVL ti Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni 2.2.3.1. Hch ton ban u NVL Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni thit lp v quy nh thng nht cc th tc nhp, xut kho NVL ca n v mnh theo ng mc ch nhm to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh lun chuyn chng t nh sau: - Th tc v cc chng t s dng nhp kho NVL NVL, ca cng ty ch yu c nhp kho t 2 ngun: mua ngoi v s dng khng ht nhp li kho (i vi NVL, x v cc sn phm hng). Ta c: i vi NVL mua ngoi v nhp kho Cn c vo ho n bn hng ca ngi bn, ho n kim phiu nhp kho, hp ng mua vt t.
  • 50. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 50 Bng s 16: Mu ho n GTGT Ho n (GTGT) Mu s: 01 GTKT-3LL Lin 2: (Giao cho khch hng) S: N18471 Ngy 12 thng 8 nm 2006 n v bn hng:Cng ty Thng mi sn xut Minh Phng a ch: 78, Thanh Nhn, H Ni in thoi:.MS H tn ngi mua hng: Anh Hiu n v: Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni a ch: Kho 1 phng Vnh Hng - qun Hong Mai - H Ni Hnh thc thanh ton: tin mt STT Tn sn phm n v tnh S lng n v Thnh tin A B C 1 2 3 = 1 x 2 1 Mc 305 cam Kg 1,00 370.000 370.000 Cng tin hng: 370.000 Thu sut GTGT (10%) Tin thu GTGT: 18.500 Tng cng tin thanh ton: 388.500 S tin vit bng ch: [Ba trm tm tm ngn nm trm ng] Ngi mua hng (K, ghi r h tn) K ton trng (K, ghi r h tn) Th trng n v (K, ghi r h tn) Ban kim nghim vt t bao gm: - 01 ngi b phn cung tiu - 01 ngi phng k thut - 01 th kho
  • 51. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 51 S tin hnh kim nghim NVL nhp kho. Ni dung ca cuc kim nghim c phn nh ln "Bin bn kim nghim vt t" (theo mu) Bng 17: Bin bn kim nghim vt t, hng ho trc khi nhp kho KH/BM 12.01 STT Danh mc kim tra VT S lng Ngy nhp 1 Mc 305 cam Kg 1.00 15/08/2006 . Cht lng vt t, hng ho theo thc t kim tra .. Mc 305 cam, cht lng m bo, s lng ng nh trong hp ng, khng c g sai st sau khi vit th..................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... Phng hng x l: ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... Ngy 15 thng 8 nm 2006 Phng k hoch Th kho Ngi giao hng Bin bn ny c phng k hoch lp lm 03 lin: - 01 lin giao cho ngi bn - 01 lin giao cho th kho tin hnh nhp kho, sau chuyn cng phiu nhp kho do phng k hoch lp ln phng k ton - 01 lin phng k hoch gi
  • 52. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 52 Sau khi tt c cc th tc kim tra hon tt, nu cht lng hng nhp m bo ng yu cu nh trong hp ng mua bn, th kho tin hnh cc th tc nhp kho v ghi phiu nhp Bng 18: Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni Phiu nhp kho Ngy 15 thng 8 nm 2006 S: N497/VT N: 152 C: 111 Ngi nhp: Cng ty thng mi Minh Phng L do nhp: Nhp vt t sn xut mc 305 cam Nhp ti kho: Ch Thu Theo ho n s: 018471 ngy 12/8/2006 M s thu: 01008917761 STT M HH Tn sn phm VT S lng n gi Thnh tin 1 KH0053 Mc 305 cam Kg 1,00 370000 370000 Cng 370.000 S tin ghi bng ch: (Ba trm by mi nghn ng) Ngi giao hng Th kho Phng TCKT Gim c Phiu nhp kho c lp lm 04 lin: - 01 lin phng k hoch gi - 01 lin th kho gi chi th kho trong cng tc hch ton chi tit
  • 53. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 53 - 01 lin c giao ln phng ti chnh k ton k ton vt t hch ton chi tit. - 01 lin c giao cho ngi cung cp lm th tc thanh ton sau ny. Trong trng hp c sai st v s lng th ban kim nghim s lp bin bn bo co cho bn bn bit x l ng nh hp ng quy nh. Nu c sai st v cht lng, hng giao khng c quy cch phm cht th s b tr li ngi bn m khng c lm th tc nhp kho (ngoi tr trng hp cng ty chp nhn vi mt mc gim no th s nhp kho bnh thng). * i vi x, sn phm hng, NVL xut dng khng ht nhp li kho ti sn xut, th tc nhp kho ch khc l khng tin hnh kim nghim vt t bng cch lp bin bn kim nghim i vi NVL mua ngoi, cn th th kho vn vit phiu nhp kho bnh thng. Ngy 28 thng 8 nm 2006, phn xng t in nhp li kho s vt t dng khng ht ti sn xut sn phm, th kho ghi phiu nhp kho cho nhng vt t ny nh sau:
  • 54. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 54 Bng s 19 Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni Phiu nhp kho Ngy 28 thng 8 nm 2006 S: N142/NL N: 152 C: 111 Ngi nhp: Phn xng kho in L do nhp: Nhp vt t ti sn xut Nhp ti kho: Ch Thu Theo ho n s: ngy 28/8/2006 M s thu: STT M HH Tn sn phm VT S lng n gi Thnh tin 1 2 NLM004 MLM005 Mc 102 trng Mc 801 nh Kg Kg 136,00 34,00 29.000 29.000 3.944.000 986.000 Cng: 4.930.000 S tin ghi bng ch: (Bn triu chn trm ba mi nghn ng) Ngi giao hng Th kho Phng TCKT Gim c - Th tc v chng t xut kho NVL Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni thng xut kho NVL cho 2 mc ch: phc v cho hot ng sn xut v phc v cho hot ng kinh doanh. Song v c bn phc v cho hot ng sn xut. Khi xut kho NVL cho sn xut, cn c vo phiu bo v xut vt t theo nh mc ca phng k hoch c ch k ca phng TCKT, th kho tin hnh xut kho NVL v lp phiu xut kho.
  • 55. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 55 V d: Bng s 20: Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni Phiu xut kho Ngy 28 thng 8 nm 2006 S: N461/VT N: 621 C: 15210003 Ngi nhp: Phn xng kho in L do nhp: Xut vt t phc v sn xut mc Nhp ti kho: Ch Thu Theo ho n s: ngy 28/8/2006 M s thu: STT M HH Tn sn phm V T S lng n gi Thnh tin 1 2 VTM004a KH0053 Mc 302 mu c Mc 305 cam Kg Kg 170,00 153,00 46.000 44.000 7.820.000 6.732.000 Cng: 14.552.000 S tin ghi bng ch: (Mi bn triu nm trm nm hai nghn ng) Ngi giao hng Th kho Phng TCKT Gim c Phiu xut kho c phng k hoch lp thnh 04 lin: - 01 lin do th kho gi ghi th kho
  • 56. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 56 - 01 lin chuyn ln phng k ton k ton vt t ghi s, th chi tit NVL, cui k i chiu vi k ton tng hp. - 01 lin giao cho ngi lnh (thng l qun c cc phn xng) gi cui k giao cho k ton theo di tnh hnh nhp xut i vi tng phn xng lm cn c tnh chi ph sn xut v gi thnh sn phm - 01 lin phng k hoch gi. i vi NVL xut kho cho hot ng kinh doanh ( bn) Th kho cn c vo ho n kim phiu xut kho c ch k ca phng k ton v phng k hch xut kho NVL nh quy nh Ho n kim phiu xut kho c lp thnh 03 lin:: - 01 lin giao cho ngi mua lm cn c thanh ton ti c quan ngi mua. - 01 lin th kho gi ghi th kho, sau chuyn cho phng k ton ghi s, th chi tit NVL - 01 lin gc do phng k hoch gi 2.2.3.2. Hch ton NVL ti Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni * Ti khon k ton s dng trong hch ton NVL ti cng ty Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni p dng phng php k khai thng xuyn hch ton, theo di hng tn kho ni chung v NVL ni ring, do cc ti khon m cng ty s dng hch ton NVL chnh l cc ti khon nh trong quy nh ca B ti chnh, bao gm: TK 152 "Nguyn liu, nguyn vt liu" Trong , TK ny c chi tit thnh 2 TK cp hai: - TK 1521: theo di nguyn gi NVL - TK 1522: theo di chi ph nhp khu u thc tnh vo nguyn gi NVL TK 1521 li c chi tit theo kho thnh 5 tiu khon: + TK 15210001: NVL kho cng ty
  • 57. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 57 + TK 15210002: NVL ti t ct mainsn + TK 15210003: NVL ti t phc hp + TK 15210004: NVL ti t gp lng TK 1421 "Chi phi ch kt chuyn" Cc loi s sch m cng ty s dng hch ton NVL bao gm: - Th kho: dng theo di tng danh im NVL trong hch ton chi tit. - S kho: dng ghi chp cc th kho - Th k ton chi tit - Bng k chi tit nhp NVL. - Bng k chi tit xut NVL - Bng k chi tit thanh ton vi ngi bn - Bo co nhp xut tn kho NVL - Nht k ca cc TK 152 (chi tit cho TK 1521, 1522 v chi tit cho TK 15210001, 15210002) - V mt s cc s ph khc. 2.2.3.3. Hch ton chi tit NVL ti cng ty Do c im v NVL ca doanh nghip l c nhiu loi khc nhau, thng xuyn phi d tr trong kho mt lng va theo nh mc tnh ton ca phng k hch nn NVL c theo di, qun l rt cht ch, Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni p dng hch ton chi tit NVL theo phng php th song song Nguyn tc hch ton l: - kho: Ch theo di tnh hnh nhp - xut - tn kho NVL v mt s lng - phng k ton: theo di tnh hnh nhp - xut - tn kho NVL c v mt s lng v gi tr.
  • 58. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 58 u im ca phng php ny l n gin, d lm, khng i hi cao v trnh hch ton ban u. Song cng phi k n nhc im ca n l ghi trng lp (c kho v phng k ton u theo di v mt lng). Thm vo , cng ty c nhiu chng loi vt t, chi tit v mt hin vt trng lp lm khi lng cng vic ca phng k ton pht sinh nhiu thm. Trnh t ghi chp - kho: th kho m th kho ghi chp tnh hnh nhp - xut tn kho ca tng danh im NVL v mt khi lng. S liu ghi vo th kho l cc phiu nhp kho v phiu xut kho, ho n kim phiu xut kho.. mi chng t ch ghi mt dng trn th kho. Sau mi nghip v nhp - xut kho NVL, th kho thc hin vic ghi th kho theo ng trnh t thi gian. Cui qu, cn c vo s lng nhp xut kho trong qu, th kho tnh ra s tn kho NVL cui qu. V theo nh k, hng qu, th kho i tnh hnh nhp - xut - tn kho NVL vi phng k ton. V d: Cn c vo phiu nhp kho, phiu xut kho qu IV nm 2006 nh: Phiu xut kho s 215, phiu nhp kho s 135 v mt s chng t khc c lin quan nh: Phiu chi, Phiu thu, giy bo n ca ngn hng, ho n bn hng ca ngi bn Bng s 21 Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni Phiu xut kho Ngy 06 thng 8 nm 2006 S: X215/NL N: 621 C: 15210002 Ngi nhp: Phn xng ct dn, in. L do nhp: Xut vt t phc v sn xut phn xng ct dn, in Nhp ti kho: Ch Thu
  • 59. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 59 STT M HH Tn sn phm V T S lng n gi Thnh tin 1 2 3 NLN003 NLN037c NLN039 Mc xanh Mc vng Mc en Kg Kg Kg 40,00 61,00 110,8 44.000 47.000 80.000 1.760.000 2.867.000 8.800.000 Cng: 13.427.000 S tin ghi bng ch: (Mi ba triu bn trm hai by nghn ng) Ngi giao hng Th kho Phng TCKT Gim c Bng s 22 Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni Phiu nhp kho Ngy 31 thng 8 nm 2006 S: N135/NL N: 152 C: 111 Ngi nhp: Phn xng mc L do nhp: Nhp vt t phc v sn xut Nhp ti kho: Ch Thu STT M HH Tn sn phm V T S lng n gi Thnh tin A B C D 1 2 3 = 1 x 2 1 NLN003 Mc nh tm Kg 1000,00 9.500,00 9.500.000 Cng: 9.500.000 S tin ghi bng ch: (Chn triu nm trm nghn ng) Ngi giao hng Th kho Phng TCKT Gim c
  • 60. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 60
  • 61. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 61 Bng s 23 Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni Th kho Mu s: 06 - VT Ngy lp th: 31 thng 8 nm 2006 T s: 03 Tn vt t, hng ho: Mc M s: NLN003 n v tnh: Kg STT Chng t Din gii Ngy nhp xut S lng Xc nhn ca k ton SH NT Nhp Xut Tn A B C D E 1 2 3 4 1 X215/NL 06/8/06 Xut cho PX ct, dn 06/8 40 2 X221/NL 28/8/06 Xut cho PX ct, dn,in 28/8 136 12 N135/NL 31/8/06 Nhp cho phn xng in 31/8 1.000 15.200 - phng k ton K ton vt t ghi th kho thay cho s chi tit NVL. Do s liu c vo bng my nn khi th kho chuyn th kho ln phng k ton, k ton vt t phi cn c vo tn vt t ghi trong th kho i chiu vi danh mc vt t ca phng k ton, tm ra m ca chnh NVL ca phng k ton ri mi nhp s liu vo my tnh. y l mt hn ch ca h thng danh im nguyn vt liu khng ng nht trong cng ty S liu c k ton vt t s dng i chiu vi th kho v cui qu sau khi khp s liu, k ton tng hp s tnh ra gi xut ca tng danh im nguyn vt liu v tin hnh lp bng tng hp nhp xut tn kho NVL.
  • 62. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 62 Bng s 24 Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni s chi tit vt t Tn vt liu: Mc Thng 8 (trch) Ngy thng Chng t Din gii TK Nhp Xut Tn SH NT SL G TT SL G TT SL G TT 06/8 X215/NL 06/8 Xut cho PX ct dn 152 40,00 44.000 1.760.000 . .. .. .. . . . . 28/8 X142/NL 28/8 Xut cho PX in 152 136,00 29.000 9.944.000 . .. .. .. . . . . 31/8 X135/NL 31/8 Nhp cho PX in 152 1000,00 9.500 9.500.000 Cng 9.500.000 11.704.000 Th kho K ton trng Gim c
  • 63. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 63 Bng s 25 Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni bng tng hp nhp - xut - tn kho vt t Trch Thng 8 (trch) n v tnh: ng Tn vt t VT Tn u k Nhp Xut Tn SL TT SL TT SL TT SL TT D u k 35.000.000 Mc 305 cam Kg 1,00 370.000 . . . .. . . . .. .. . Mc 102 trng Kg 136,00 3.944.000 . . . .. . . . .. .. . Mc 302 mu c Kg 170,00 7.820.000 . . . .. . . . .. .. . Mc xanh Kg 40,00 1.760.000 Cng 35.000.000 4.314.000 9.580.000 Th kho K ton trng Gim c 2.2.3.4.K ton tng hp NVL ti Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni
  • 64. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 64 - NVL ca cng ty c nhp vo ch yu do mua ngoi mt phn c nhp kho t cc phn xng i vi nhng vt t khng dng ht hoc ph liu, sn phm hng thu hi. * Hng ngy, khi nhn c y cc chng t ca NVL mua ngoi c nhp kho do phng k hoch chuyn n v cc ho n thanh ton ca k ton thanh ton, k ton vt t s nhp s liu bng my qua cc chng t nhp, xut NVL do phn mm k ton mc nh. Sau khi s liu c t ng chuyn vo Nht k ti khon 15210001, 15210002, v mt s ti khon khc c lin quan. Cui qu, cn c vo s liu NKTK,k ton tng hp tnh ra tng nhp, xut tn NVL cc kho khc nhau v tin hnh ghi chng t ghi s. Sau , chng t ghi s li c dng ghi chp vo NKTK dng ngy 25/8/06. V d: Cn c vo bng k chi tit nhp NVL ca thng 8, v cc bng khc c lin quan k ton ghi chng t ghi s nh sau: Bng s 25 Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni chng t ghi s Ngy 25 thng 8 nm 2006 S 59/H Trch yu Ti khon S tin N C N C NVL kho cng ty 15210001 138.200.000 Phi tr ngi bn 331 57.000.000 Tr bng tin mt 111 1.200.000 Tin gi ngn hng 112 80.000.000 Cng 138.200.200 138.200.000 Lng chng t nh km theo:
  • 65. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 65 ghi s k ton: K ton trng Ngi lp chng t * Nu cc PX nhp ph liu. x sn phm hng v kho cng ty, cn c vo NKTK, cui k k ton tng hp ghi s cc nh khon cn c vo cc TK i ng. Bng s 26 Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni chng t ghi s Ngy 31 thng 8 nm 2006 S: 84/H Trch yu Ti khon S tin N C N C NVL kho cng ty 15210001 5.840.400 NVL ti t phc hp 15210003 5.840.400 Ti t phc hp nhp ph liu v kho cng ty Cng 5.840.400 Lng chng t nh km theo: ghi s k ton: K ton trng Ngi lp chng t Hch ton nghip v xut NVL NVL kho cng ty thng c xut kho nhm phc v cho 2 mc ch: sn xut sn phm v xut bn.
  • 66. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 66 - Khi xut NVL t kho cng ty n kho cc phn xng, cn c vo bng k xut i vi ct TK i ng TK 15210002, 15210003,. k ton ghi chng t ghi s nh sau: Bng s 27 Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni chng t ghi s Ngy 31 thng 8 nm 2006 S 60/H Trch yu Ti khon S tin N C N C NVL ti t ct dn 15210002 1.200.000.000 NVL kho cng ty 15210001 1.200.000.000 Cng 1.200.000.000 1.200.000.000 Lng chng t nh km theo: ghi s k ton: K ton trng Ngi lp chng t i vi cc nghip v xut kho NVL, mi chng t ghi s c ghi cho 1 nh khon n: V d:
  • 67. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 67 Chng t ghi s s 49/H ghi nh khon: N TK 15210003: 326.000.000 C TK 15210001: 326.000 Chng t ghi s s 38/H ghi nh khon: N TK 15210004: 542.000.000 C TK 15210001: 542.000.000 Chng t ghi s s 70/H ghi nh khon: N TK 15210005: 1.500.000 C TK 15210001: 1.500.000 Cc chng t ny c cch ghi ging ht nh cch ghi chng t ghi s s 60/H. - Khi xut NVL t cc phn xng nhm phc v cho hot ng sn xut, k ton tng hp chi ph chng t ghi s cho cc nh khon: N TK 62110001: 326.000.000 (Chi ph NVL trc tip) C TK 15210002: 326.000.000 N TK 62110001: 524.000.000 C TK 15210003: 524.000.000 N TK 62110001: 1.500.000 C TK 15210005: 1.500.000. .. V d: Bng s 28 Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni chng t ghi s Ngy 31 thng 8 nm 2006 S 61/H Trch yu Ti khon S tin N C N C
  • 68. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 68 NVL ti t ct dn 62110001 1.200.000.000 NVL kho cng ty 15210002 1.200.000.000 Cng 1.200.000.000 1.200.000.000 Lng chng t nh km theo: ghi s k ton: K ton trng Ngi lp chng t Do vy m cui k, thng khng c s d trong ti khon NVL kho PX Ton b chi ph sau khi c tp hp tnh gi thnh c kt chuyn theo s thnh phm to ra, s chi ph cn li c kt chuyn tip v NVL kho cng ty chnh v vy, cng ty khng c sn phm d dang - Khi xut bn NVL, cn c vo ho n kim phiu xut kho, cui qu, k ton tng hp lp chng t ghi s cho nh khon. N TK 63210000 : 75.600.000 C TK 15210001: 75.600.000 Bng s 28 Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni chng t ghi s Ngy 31 thng 8 nm 2006 S 80/H Trch yu Ti khon S tin N C N C Gi vn hng bn 6321 75.600.000 NVL kho cng ty 15210001 75.600.000 Xut bn NVL kho cng ty Cng 75.600.000 75.600.000
  • 69. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 69 Lng chng t nh km theo: ghi s k ton: K ton trng Ngi lp chng t * Hch ton NVL tha, thiu khi kim k i vi vic hch ton NVL tha thiu khi kim k, doanh nghip c cch phn nh rt khc bit, l tm thi ghi gim hoc ghi tng ti sn m cha c ti khon i ng. Ch n khi xc nh c nguyn nhn c th s ghi theo ng nguyn nhn gy tha thiu ti sn. Chnh v vy m bng cn i ti khon ca doanh nghip c nhng thi im khng cn. Ch yu l do cng ty khng c ti khon phn nh ti sn thiu, tha ch x l nh ch quy nh. S 29: S hch ton nhp xut NVL ca cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni TK 15210002 NVL t ct dn nhp kho Cng ty TK 15210002 TK 15210003 NVL t phc hp nhp kho Cng ty TK 15210004 NVL t gp lng nhp kho Cng ty TK 15210002 Xut cho t ct dn TK 621, 627 TK 15210003 Xut cho t phc hp TK 15210004 Xut cho t gp lng,in TK 15210005 Xut cho t VPD CF t ct dn CF t phc hp CF t gp lng, in Chi ph VPD
  • 70. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 70
  • 71. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 71 S 30: S ci ti khon 152 Tn ti khon Trang:. S hiu: Ngy thng ghi s Chng t ghi s Din gii S hiu TK i ng S tin Ghi chS hiu Ngy thng N C A B C D E 1 2 G 01/8 01/8 D u k 06/8 01 06/8 Xut vt t phc v sn xut mc xanh 621 1.760.000 Mc vng 621 2.867.000 Mc en 621 8.800.000 15/8 02 05/8 Nhp vt t sn xut mc Mc 305 cam 111 370.000 28/8 03 28/8 Nhp vt t ti sn xut Mc 102 trng 621 3.944.000 Mc 801 nh 621 986.000 28/8 04 28/8 Xut VTSX mc Mc 302 mu c 621 3.404.000 Mc 305 cam 621 6.732.000 31/8 05 31/8 Nhp mc phc v sn xut. 111 9.500.000
  • 72. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 72 Bng s 31: Nht k ti khon Ti khon 15210001 - nguyn liu, nguyn vt liu kho cng ty T ngy 31/7 n 30/9/2006 Ngy S CT TK i ng N C Din gii 26/7 X376/NL 13111000 142.500 Xut bn x Cng 4.035.000 06/7 X215 15210002 Xut NVL cho kho ct dn 31/8 59/H 152100002 35.000.000 S d u k 31/8 60/H 152100002 1.200.000.000 Xut NVL kho ct dn 31/8 64/H 152100002 38.000.000 NVL PX ct dn nhp li kho Cng 38.000.000 1.235.000.000 08/9 N123/NL 33111000 31.635.400 Nhp hng ca CTNTHH QQ ... Cng 1.450.000.000 Tng cng 1.870.000.000 2.816.666.000 S d u k: 3.357.570.000 S pht sinh trong k: 1.870.000.000 2.816.660.000 S d cui k: 2.410.910.000
  • 73. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 73 Chng 3 nhng kin ng gp nhm hon thin cng tc hch ton NVL ti Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni 3.1. S cn thit phi hon thin cng tc hch ton ti cng ty Cng vi s i mi ton din nn kinh t, hch ton k ton vi t cch l mt b phn quan trng trong h thng cng c qun l kinh t ti chnh khng ngng c hon thin v pht trin. Hch ton k ton gp phn tch cc vo vic nng cao cht lng qun l ti chnh quc gia v qun tr doanh nghip. Qua nghin cu phn c s l lun chung v hch ton nguyn vt liu v p dng phn vo thc t, k ton nguyn vt liu ti Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni, chng ta cng thy r c vai tr, v tr ca thng tin k ton nguyn vt liu trong vic p ng yu cu ca cng tc qun l k ton v qun tr c ca Cng ty. Xut pht t yu cu trn, vic hon thin t chc hch ton k ton nguyn vt liu l v cng quan trng. Hon thin t chc hch ton nguyn vt liu s gip cho doanh nghip tit kim c chi ph sn xut, h thp gi thnh sn phm, nng cao li nhun. Bn cnh , s pht trin ca nn kinh t th trng i hi hch ton k ton ni chung v hch ton nguyn vt liu ni ring, mt mt phi tha nhn cc nguyn tc k ton, chun mc quc t, ng thi sm hnh thnh mt chun mc k ton theo thng l Vit Nam. Mc tiu hi nhp vo nn kinh t th gii v khu vc bt buc chng ta phi ngy cng hon thin v xy dng cho mnh mt m hnh h thng k ton doanh nghip ph hp, c kh nng hi nhp vo h thng k ton th gii v khu vc. i vi cc
  • 74. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 74 doanh nghip trc yu cu qun l mi, i hi phi khng ngng hon thin t chc hch ton k ton nng cao hiu qu kinh t. Nhn bit c tm quan trng ca vic hch ton nguyn vt liu trong qun tr doanh nghip, cc nh qun l Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni cng phng nghip v nghin cu cc phng php hch ton, cch qun l ph hp vi tnh hnh sn xut ca Cng ty. Tuy nhin, Cng ty cng gp phi khng t kh khn v tn ti trong cng tc qun l v hch ton nguyn vt liu, c th Cng ty cn tn ti mt s u v nhc im sau: - Cng tc qun l nguyn vt liu t khu thu mua n d tr v s dng l tt, bo m tnh kp thi cho sn xut v hiu qu kinh t, trnh tnh trng gy ng vn. - Th tc v nhp kho, xut kho c thc hin y , cc ti khon v s sch c s dng theo ng ch . - Tuy nhin, vic dng gi thc t bnh qun gia quyn tnh gi nguyn vt liu xut kho, trong k k ton khng ghi s ci nghip v xut kho m n cui k mi tin hnh mi tin hnh ghi s. Nh vy, cng vic b dn li cui thng. 3.2. Nguyn tc trong vic hon thin hch ton nguyn vt liu ti Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni Trong nn kinh t th trng nhim v ca k ton vt ra khi vic ghi chp n thun m c nng cao hn l cung cp cc thng tin k ton lm c s cho nh qun l ra quyt nh. Th trng l cnh tranh, ai nm c cc thng tin trc nht v gi c th cng c nhiu c hi chin thng trong cnh tranh. c cc thng tin va chnh xc va d x l i vi ngi s dng th cc thng tin cn phi c nhng khun mu nht nh. Ni cch khc, cn phi xy dng cc m hnh chung p dng trong vic hch ton k ton cng nh cung cp cc thng tin k ton ni chung v v phn hnh k ton NVL ni ring.
  • 75. Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni Khoa: Kinh t more information and additional documents connect with me here: http://facebook.com/ngphutien/ 75 Trn th gii cc nc c nn kinh t pht trin v Hip hi k ton quc t xy dng cc chun mc k ton chung trong hch ton v cung cp cc thng tin k ton. Cc chun mc ny c hng dn p dng thng nht cho tt c cc nc tin phc v cho cc hot ng kinh t ton cu. Ch k ton hin hnh ca nc ta c chnh thc p dng t ngy 10/01/1996 nhn chung cng c xy dng trn nguyn tc trn. Tuy nhin xt ring v chun mc hng tn kho (trong c NVL) th k ton Vit Nam cn c cc im khng cht ch so vi cc quy nh ca chun mc k ton quc t, nh cc quy nh v lp d phng, v cc nguyn tc tnh gi hng tn kho v nguyn tc hch ton hng tn kho theo phng php kim k nh k. Chnh v vy, vic xy dng cc nguyn tc hon thin cng tc hch ton NVL, ca cng ty l khng phi da trn hng va m bo ph hp vi ch k ton Vit Nam, va hng theo cc chun mc k ton quc t gp phn nhm lm hon thin thm ch , trong quan trng hn c l vic xy dng cc bin php hon thin phi xut pht t c im sn xut kinh doanh v yu cu qun l ca cng ty. C th khi hon thin cn phi tun th theo cc nguyn tc sau: - Nm vng chc nng, nhim v ca k ton cc phn hnh ni chung v phn hnh k ton NVL ni ring. Cng lc phi ng thi va phn nh va gim c qu trnh lun chuyn NVL. Phi hon thin t b my k ton n cng tc k ton gp phn nng cao hiu qu sn xut kinh doanh ca Cng ty trong iu kin kinh t th trng ngy cng cnh tranh khc lit. - c trng ca cc doanh nghip ni chung v Cng ty TNHH sn xut bao b v dch v thng mi H Ni ni ring