Bahçeşehir University Social Science Institutions Ph D. Business Program Management & Organization...

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Bahçeşehir UniversitySocial Science InstitutionsPh D. Business ProgramManagement & OrganizationOrganizational TheoryProf. Dr. Atilla DİCLE

Reform Through Changes in Organizational CulturePrep. by: İlhan ÇİFTÇİ

21 December 2009

Evolution Of Management Thought

1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 2000

Systematicmanagement

Administrativemanagement

Quantitativemanagement

Systemstheory

Current andfuture revolutions

Scientificmanagement

Humanrelations

Organizationalbehavior

Bureaucracy

Classical Approaches Contemporary Approaches

Contingencytheory

Bahçeşehir University - Organizational Theory

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Reform Through Changes in Organizational Culture

• William G. Ouchi• Thomas J. Peters & Robert

H. Waterman Jr.• Peter M. Senge• Joan Acker• Vice President Al Core• Taylor Cox Jr.


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The Z Organization

The origin of the William Ouchi was Japan and affected by American management system. Thats, why The Organizaition is an amalgam of Japan and American management system.


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The Z Organization

13 step must be implemented for successful Z Organization

Step 1: To understand Z organization structureStep 2: To determine organization philosophyStep 3: To determine adopted and expected management philosophyStep 4: To set organization to new management idea occurStep 5 : To improve employees skills and abilitiesStep 6: To control implemented management philosophy and managementStep 7: To develop coorperation with trade unions


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The Z Organization

13 step must be implemented for successful Z Organization (cnt’d)

Step 8: To set and appply stable decisions for employment structureStep 9: To think going concern and to provide development and progress of the organizationStep 10: To provide employees career opportunities Step 11: To change in organization must be started the top. (Top – down)Step 12: To participate employees comments and suggestions for decision making processStep 13: To integrate all level of employees.


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The Z Organization

Organization Types Comparison

The Z Organization

The A Organization

The J Organization

Origin USA & Japan USA Japan

Employee Term Long Term Short Term Lifelong

Decision Making Collective Individual Collective

Responsibilty Individual Individual Group

Promotion Slow Fast Slow

Employee Concern Continued outside of the

work

Limited with work placa

Continued outside of the

work


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The Fifth Discipline: A shift of Mind

The Fifth Discipline is an essential struture of Learning Organization. These discipline are: Systems ThinkingPersonal MasteryMental ModelsBuilding Shared VisionTeam Learning


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System Thinking:

Due to the organizational environment is to complex, decisions for entity’s system should be taken wholly. Decisions which are taken in accordance to part of the organization can not be added benefit.


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Personnel Mastery

People have personel mastery, to show all attention and care on their job.

The leraning desire of an organization can not be more than a profession.


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Mental Models

Changing environment should be implemented to entity’s operations.

invariant patterns can lead to failure.


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Building Shared Vision

The organization objective should be accepted by all of the employees. This means, everyone wants to reach common target provides with belief.


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Team Learning

Team oriented working results pass the individual outcomes mostly. The democratic and fair environment is the way of team successful.


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Gendering Organizational Theory

Genders refers to patterned, socially produced distinctions between female and male, feminine and masculine.

Gendered process and practices may be open and overt, as when managers choose only men or only women for certain positions or when sexual jokes denigrating women are part of the work culture.


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Gendering Organizational Theory

On the other hand, gender may be deeply hidden in organizational process and decisions that appear to have nothing to do with gender.


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Gendering Organizational TheoryElements in a Theory of Gendered Organizations

It is comprised 4 steps

Production of Gender DivisionThe creation of symbols, images and forms of consiousness that explicate, justify, and more rarely oppose gender divisions.To reproduce gendered organizations are interactions between individuals, women and men, women and women, men and men, in the multiplicity of forms that enact dominance and subordination and create alliances and exclusionsGendering organizations is the internal mental work of individuals as they consciously construct their understandings of the organization’s gendered structure of work and opportunity and the demands for gender appropriate behaviors and attitudes.


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Creating a Goverment That Works Better & Costs Less: Report of The National Performance Review

Our goal is to make the entire federal goverment bothh less expensive more efficent, and to change the culture of our netional bureaucracy away from complacency and entitlement toward initiative and empowerment. We inted to redesign, to reinvent, to reinvigorate the entire national goverment.

President Bill ClintonMarch 3, 1993


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Problems of National Goverment:

Ineffective spendings of resourcesIneffective regulation of the financial industry brought the savings and loan debacleIneffective education and training programs jeopardize competitive edgeIneffective welfare and housing program undermine families and cities



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Some of the examples related to Washington’s failures

The average American believes 48 cents of every tax dollar spent unnecessarily.

Only 20 % of Americans trust the federal goverment to do right thing most of the time ( down from 76 % 30 years ago)

The Defense Department owns more than $ 40 billion unnecessarjy supplies

Washington’s failures are large and obvious. For decade, the deficit has run out of control. The national debt now exceeds $ 4trillion - $ 16,600 for every man,

woman and child in America.


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President Clinton created National Performance Review Report to abolish unequilibrium. In this report hundred of recomendations were taken, some of them were:To reduce waste eliminate unneeded bureaucrarcy, To improve service to taxpayersTo create a leaner but more productive govermentSome of these proposals can be enacted. The improvement of this report success depend upon:


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A Cure Worse than the diseaseThe Root Problem Industrial Era Bureaucracies in an Information AgeThe Solution: Creating Entrepreneurial Organizations

Cutting Red Tape Putting Customers First Empowering Employees to Get Result Cutting Back Basics: Producing Better Goverment for Less

Our Commitment : A Long Term Investment in Change


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Simultaneous Loose – Tight Properties

Simultaneous loose – tight properties, is in essence the co-existence of firm central direction and maximum individual autonomy – what we have called “having one’s cake and eating it too.” Organizations that live by the loose tight principle are on the one hand rigidly controlled, yet at the same time allow (indeed, insist on ) autonomy enterpreneurship, and innovation from the rank file.


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Creating the Multicultural Organization: The Challenge of Managing Diversity

Human capital has taken center stage in the business strategies of enlightened organizations in the 21 century.

Attracting, retaining, and effectively using people are increasingly the top priorities of leaders in all kinds of organizations, from high – tech firms to universities, from goverment agencies to heavy manufacturing firms.


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The creating of multicultural organization provides with DIVERSITY such as:

Gender populationDifferential birth rates,Work groupsNational origin etc


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Dıversity: It is the variation of social and cultural identites among people existing together in a defined employment or market setting.

Social and cultural identity refers to the personnel affiliations such as: gender, race, national origin, religion, age, cohort, and work specialization.


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Problems and Opportunities of Diversity

Diversity is a Potential Performance BarrierDiversity as Value – Added ActivityCreativity and InnovationOrganizational FlexibilityHuman TalentMarketing Strategy


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Questions and Explanations

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