BAGERHAT DISTRICT EQUITY PROFILEbagerhat.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/ · One of the two main...

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BAGERHAT DISTRICT EQUITY PROFILE

November 2014

Local Capacity Building and Community Empowerment (LCBCE) Programme.

Supported by: UNICEF

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Bagerhat District Map

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Contents 1.0: Overview of the district ............................................................................................................ 3

1.1 Background, Area and location ............................................................................................. 3

1.2 Basic Data .............................................................................................................................. 3

1.3 Population and Demography ................................................................................................. 3

1.4 Climate ................................................................................................................................... 4

1.5 Economy ................................................................................................................................. 4

1.6 Communication ...................................................................................................................... 4

1.6.1 Access to Mass Media and ICT........................................................................................... 5

1.7 Sociocultural Scenario ........................................................................................................... 5

1.8 Access to basic services .......................................................................................................... 5

1.9 Disability: ............................................................................................................................... 5

1.10 Issues Related to Natural Disaster ....................................................................................... 5

2.0 Situation Analysis .................................................................................................................. 6

2.1 Education ............................................................................................................................... 6

2.2 WASH .................................................................................................................................... 8

2.3Basic data on Child Protection in Bagerhat: ........................................................................ 10

Birth Registration ...................................................................................................................... 11

Child marriage........................................................................................................................... 11

Monitoring or Results for Equity System for Child Protection ............................................... 11

Challenges of Child Protection Sector: ..................................................................................... 12

2.4 Health: …………………………………………………………………………………… 13

2.5 Nutrition: ............................................................................................................................. 18

2.6 Field Operation Section: Local Capacity Building and Community Empowerment (LCBCE)..20

2.6.1 Emergency ......................................................................................................................... 20

2.6.2 Status of Disaster Preparedness and risk reduction …………………………………………………….. 20

3.0 Overall Challenges for development: ........................................................................................ 21

4.0 Conclusion................................................................................................................................. 21

5.0 Other Important Information .................................................................................................... 22

5.1 Summary of UNICEF interventions in Bagerhat ................................................................ 22

5.2 Upazila wise name of unions: .............................................................................................. 24

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1.0: Overview of the district 1.1 Background,Area and location Bagerhat lies between 21049 and 220 59 north latitudes between 89032 and 89098 east longitudes. The total area of the district is 3959.11 sq. km of which 1912.82 sq. km is under forest, the largest Mangrove forest of the world Sunderban. It is bounded by Gopalganj District and Narail District on the north, The Bay of Bengal on the south, Gopalganj District, Pirojpur District and Barguna District on the east and Khulna District on the west. Main rivers of the district are Panguchi, Daratana, Madhumati, Pasur, Haringhata, Mongla, Baleswar, Bangra and Goshairkhali. Bagerhat District is a disaster prone area specially Sarankhola, Mongla and Morrelganj Upazila. Day by day it’s vulnerability is increasing due to claimant change. Annual average temperature is maximum 33.50 C and minimum 12.50C. Annual rainfall is 1710 mm.The main crops are paddy, vegetable, wheat, Jute, sugar cane, potato and banana and main export items are paddy, fish (shrimp), coconut and honey.

1.2 Basic Data Indicator Number Total Area 3959.11 Square km Total population Total: 1512484

Male: 758387 Female: 754097 Number of Upazilla 9 Number of Union 76 Number of Villalge 961 Number of Thana 9thana (police station) Number of municipality/pourashava 3 Under 5 population Total: 132440

0- 5 months:13460 6-23 months: 34385 6- 59 months: 121977

Female adolescent 13-19 yrs.: 120999 Pregnant and lactating women Pregnant women: 27043

Lactating women: 71891 1.3 Population and Demography: In Bagerhat distrcit a number of 151284 population is residing in total 3959.11 square km area with annual growth rate of -0.47. Total number of household is 354223 with an average household size of 4.13. Upazila Area sq. km Total population Male Female Mongla 1461.2 74523 67835 142358 Sarankhola 756.6 64807 58875 123682 Bagerhat Sadar 272.73 139127 138097 277224 Chitalmari 191.99 72055 72032 144087 Fakirhat 160.68 72076 71021 143097 Kachua 131.63 49606 51117 100723 Mollahat 187.88 67700 68186 135886 Morrelganj 460.9 148858 157240 306098 Rampal 335.45 80451 80406 160857

Source: National Census 2011

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Among nine upazilas of Bagerhat Mongla has the largest geographical area, whereas Kachua is the smallest. But in terms of population, Morrelganj is the largest, around 0.14 million people are residing in this upazila.

1.4 Climate Bagerhat has a tropical climate. In winter there is much less rainfall in Bagerhat than in summer. The average annual temperature in Bagerhat is 26 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1934 mm. The driest month is December with 8 mm. Most precipitation falls in July, with an average of 404 mm. The difference in precipitation between the driest month and the wettest month is 396 mm. The average temperatures vary during the year by 10.7 °C.

Temperature Graph of Bagerhat district:

The warmest month of the year is May with an average temperature of 29.8 °C. In January, the

average temperature is 19.1 °C. It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year.

1.5 Economy One of the two main ports of Bangladesh, Port Mongla is here. Rampal and Fakirhat, two Upazilla of Bagerhat is famous for huge production of shrimp and earning a lot of foreign exchange.The main crops are paddy, vegetable, wheat, Jute, sugar cane, potato and banana and main export items are paddy, fish (shrimp), coconut and honey. The majority of family income earned through unskilled daliy labour, agriculture and fish culture.

1.6 Communication

Most of the areas of the district are well communicable except some Islands inside forests. Engine boats are generally used to reach remote Islands on the other hand foot, bicycle and motor bikes are popular for inland hard to reach areas. Some areas with muddy roads become inaccessible during rainy season. These areas become real hard to reach as they can only be accessed on foot, and it is often difficult. Bagerhat District has a total of 370.91 kilometres (230.47 mi) waterways 205 kilometres (127 mi) and railway 24 kilometres (15 mi). There are 5 railway stations.

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Road Type Earthen(KM) Pavement(KM) Total Length(KM) Upazila Road : 6585.81 29797.33 37334.86 Union Road : 19981.70 22478.31 44202.03 Village Road A: 100645.49 8736.13 111340.87 Village Road B: 86117.94 22291.64 111501.55 Total Roads: 213330.94 83303.41 304379.31

Source: http://www.lged.gov.bd/ViewRoad2.aspx

1.6.1 Access to Mass Media and ICT Indicator (%) Exposure to mass media to women aged 15-49 years 0.1 Use of computers by women aged 15-49 years 7.6 Use of internet by women aged 15-24 years 3.3

Source: MICS 2012-2013

1.7 Sociocultural Scenario The socio cultural environment of Bagerhat district is largely influenced and renovated by the livelihhod surrounded by the Sundarbans, expended areas of shrimp farming and the country’s second largest sea port Mongla.

1.8 Access to basic services 10% of country’s children lives in Khulna Division of which 24% are either living in households under the 1$ day/person PPP-s threshold or experiencing severe deprivation of human need. 57% children are facing at least one severe deprivation of their basic needs.

The coastal belt in Khulna division is prone to cyclones and flooding so it is a pocket of vulnerability, with approximately 3 million extremely poor people living there. These people suffer from a lack of fresh water (salinity problem), lack of income generating options (leading to urban migration), lack of access to basic services (health problems related to salinity), low levels of children attending school, lack of access to social protection.

1.9Disability: Though there is a lack of reliable data on the total number of disable people in Bagerhat district, they are commonly seen almost everywhere in the district. Defective birth, natural disasters, road accidents and disease are among the most common causes of disability in this area. Some NGOs (ADD) are working exclusively on disable child. As census 2011, 1.7% (25094 person) of total population in Bagerhat are disable out of this speech 0.2%, vision 0.3%, hearing 0.2%, physical 0.7%, mental 0.2%, and autism 0.1%.

1.10 Issues Related to Natural Disaster Bagerhat as coastal district is prone to cyclone, salinity, sea upsurge, flood and other natural and manmade disasters. In recent years this district was hit by natural disasters called Sidr.

Cyclone SIDR was the strongest cyclone in the Bay of Bengal, resulting in one of the worst natural disasters in Bangladesh. The storm eventually made landfall in Bangladesh on November 15, 2007, causing large-scale evacuations. Around 3.5 thousand deaths were blamed on the storm. In Khulna, SIDR affected mainly the Bagerhat district. As Child Protection in Emergency (CPiE) response to cyclone SIDR, Child Friendly Spaces (CFS) was implemented with financial and technical assistance from UNICEF Bangladesh. 681 number of OVC (319 orphans and 362 Vulnerable) were identified

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and provided with Conditional Cash Transfer through AmaderShishu project in Shoronkhola and Morelganj Upazila of Bagerhat.

2.0 Situation Analysis 2.1 Education Basic data on Education in Bagerhat:

Subject/Indicator Status /Number

Subject/Indicator Status /Number

Children 0-4 years 138406 Institutions

Children 5-9 Years 175947 Primary School (Gov’t) 607

Children 10-14 Years 180151 Primary School (Non Gov’t)/ Reg 547

Children 15-19 Years 124886 Community, NGO other primary 292

Vacant teacher in Gov’t Pri school 146 Primary Training Institute 0

Total teacher in RegPri school 2103 TTC 0

Female teacher in Gov’t Primary 65% Madrasha (Ebtadia) 193

Children enrolled in all kind of Primary (including Madrasha)

220304 University 0

Girls enrolled in kind of Primary (including Madrasha)

112428 (51%)

Colleges Gov’t 2,

Enrollment rate 99.92 College (Reg/ non gov’t/ Private) Private 31 Others 9

Children drop out at primary 16.19 Secondary School (Gov’t) 5

Girls children drop out at Primary 13.57 Secondary School (Non Gov’t) 277

PPE Class ongoing (all kind) 1138 Junior school (up to Grade 8) 50

Children enrolled in PPE 35365 Literacy rate 59 %

Source: BBS 2011, DPEO Office monitoring data base

Equity in education: Considering educational insitutions avaialble for the population of Bagerhat appear adequate but the facilities and quality of services within the School and at the remote Upazillas do not meet the minimum requirement. Safe drinking water and sanitation facilities in Schools are acute. Children drop out rate is higher (16.19 %) and they are engaged in child labour. In Government Primary schools 146 teacher position is found vacant for long time and 110 teachers didn’t receive training.

CSOs working at Bagerhat: A total 32 local and national NGOs have the programs in Bagerhat, 7 of them have the Education programs and projects.

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Children complete a full cycle of basic primary education from grade 1 to grade 5 at the appropriate age

Challenges of education Sector:

Dropout is one of the major challenge for the education sector. As per the government report dropout rate varies by geographical locations. There are several converging issues related to dropout scenario of the division.

Effective monitoring and supervision by the relevant government authorities is absent is this areas. Academic supervision to improve the quality of education became null. TEOs and ATEOs are more interested to monitor administrative issues rather pedagogy and academic achievement.

67 67

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60

70

80

Bagerhat

Equity Profile - Pre-Primary Education (PPE)*

Availability Accessibility Utilization Adequate Effective

100 100 98

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60

80

100

120

Bagerhat

Equity Profile - Primary Education (PE)**


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Coordination among different service providing institutions became other challenges of the resign. There are lot of organizations providing different kinds of educational services without proper coordination. As a result, there are vast geographical areas remain unserved

2.2 WASH

The WASH programme (2013-2016) builds on the lessons learned from the previous phase of Sanitation, Hygiene Education and Water Supply Project in Bangladesh (SHEWA-B) and the Environmental Sanitation Hygiene and Water Supply in Rural Area Project (ESHRWA). Through these phases a social model was developed based on pro-poor community action planning to establish social change for safe and sustainable WASH. Empowered people thus make their communities open-defecation free, identify and select water technologies to improve their water supply and to practice improve hygiene behaviour. The model, with community, school and mass media components, rural and urban, triggers social change for WASH

The specific objectives are: Improved standards of hygiene behavior i. e hand

washing with soap before eating food and after defecation on a sustainable basis particularly among the poor;

Improved access to improved sanitation by all households and reduction/zero open defecation in programme intervention areas by 2016

End exposure of poor and affected communities to high level of arsenic contamination in drinking water;

Increased access of poor and unserved communities to safe water throughout the year in saline and deep water table areas;

Strengthened capacity of the local government institutions (LGIs) to provide sustainable water supply, sanitation facilities and hygiene promotion to rural and urban population and to take appropriate measures to ensure safety of drinking water

Adequate/increased operation and maintenance services/ capability to meet the needs of a changing sector.

2.5.1 Basic information on water and sanitation

Source:

MICS, 2012-2013

2.5.2 Bagerhat WASH Equity Profile

Water and Sanitation Indicators %

Use of improved drinking water 63.4 Use of not shared improved sanitation 39.4 Safe disposal of child faces 43.5 Water & soap available for HW 70.6 HH with soap anywhere 96.0

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UNICEF supported WASH programs in Bagerhat:

Action Research on Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR)

23 sites in 05Upazillas, working with 03 PNGOs ( JJS, GMF and AOSED)

Action Research on Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR),

AWP with Dhaka University

• Community mobilization by 07 selected PNGO. • Renovation of existing 20 MAR sites. • Construction of new 80 new MAR sites. • Abstraction management and data collection.

Action research, testing and upscaling of recharge and storage of fresh water in the saline portions of the coastal plain for rural water supply. This method has various names internationally including Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) as used here, as well as groundwater buffering, and aquifer storage and recovery (ASR).

Purpose: To provide potable water for rural communities in areas in without any fresh water resources in the dry season Duration: 10 months, Area: 03 UNDAF districts ,Partner: DU, DPHE and Acacia

6856

3224

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40

60

80

Bagerhat

Equity Profile - WATER

Availability Accessibility

Utilization Adequate

76 7264

48

30

01020304050607080

Bagerhat

Equity Profile - SANITATION

Availability Accessibility Utilization

Adequate Effective

In Bagerhat (Water):

Availability = 68% HH with improved water source

Accessibility = 56% water sources are within 150m of home

Utilization =32% water sources are usable within 150 m of home

Adequate = 24% water sources are year round accessible and sufficient volume

In Bagerhat (Sanitation):

Availability = 78% HH with improved latrine (JMP)

Accessibility = 72% latrines are within 20m of home

Utilisation = 64% latrines are usable by all members (>5 yrs old)

Adequate = 48% latrines are year round accessible and clean

Effective = 30% latrines has water and soap within 5m.

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The main objectives of MAR: • To complete the construction of 100 MAR schemes to provide 20,000-25,000 people in the

Khulna region with fresh water in 2014 • To develop a plan for sustainable upscaling (technical, social, financial, operational) of the

schemes in the 3 Districts which have a total population of 0,5-1 million • To explore and test the suitability of this technology in other areas of Bangladesh to combat fresh

water scarcity or two mitigate over-pumping of groundwater Expected outcome • 20 schemes tested during a full hydrologic year • 80 new schemes constructed and handed over (15,000 people)

and 1200 children of 5 schools will have access to safe water. • A minimum of 5, and maximum of 10, NGO’s trained in siting,

construction and O&M of the schemes • Water User Groups (including women) established at 75 sites and

members trained to operate and manage the schemes; • Five School Management Committees (SMC's) trained to manage

school systems. • Technical and social feasibility for up scaling completed and

business plan prepared for large scale implementation • Replication of the MAR technology tested in three other areas in

Bangladesh and recommendations made for follow up • Results disseminated and cooperation established with a range of

Bangladeshi and Dutch organizations Challenges of WASH sector Ensure safe water in saline and arsenic prone areas. Ensuring equity for allocation of safe water option in costal belt areas. Spend 20% union’s ADP fund for WASH. Establish good WASH practices and ODF status in Disaster prone areas. Water point’s site selection and collecting DTWs contribution money by the LGIs. Implementing SLTS project activities and construction at Govt. primary schools. Delayed and poor quality supply from UNICEF. Too short PCA duration to ensure quality output and staff dropout. 2.3 Child Protection Basic data on Child Protection in Bagerhat:

Child Protection Indicators % Source Birth registration by 5 years of age 22.4 MICS, 2012-1013 Women married before 15 30.7 MICS, 2012-1013 Women married before 18 70.2 MICS, 2012-1013 Girls (15-19) currently married 39.2 MICS, 2012-1013 Children <18 living with neither biological parents 5.3 MICS, 2012-1013 Children age 1-14 years who experienced psychological aggression or physical punishment during the last one month

91.5 MICS, 2012-1013

Young women age 15-19 years who are married or in union

39.2 MICS, 2012-1013

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Birth Registration MICS 2012 shows that 22.4% children’s (less than 5 years) birth is registered in Bagerhat District.

Online Birth Registration Information System (BRIS) was rolled-out in all the unions of Bagerhat district in 2010. Some of the Paurashava and Union Parishads are yet to complete the data entry and start the full automation of birth registration.

Child marriage 70.2% of girls are married before age of 18 in Bagerhat District, whereas 30.7% of girls are married off before the age of 15 (MICS 2012).

Though marriage registration for Muslims is mandatory by law and Kazi (Marriage registrar) is supposed to check the birth certificates as a proof of age. Parents can still get fake birth certificates with false date of birth and Kazi’s don’t have the option to check the validity of the birth certificates presented by the parents. On the other hand, registration of marriage is optional for Hindu people. This makes is very difficult to monitor and stop the child marriage.

Monitoring or Results for Equity System for Child Protection

7.15

5.865.39 5 4.98

012345678

Bagerhat

Equity Profile - Life Skills Based Education


Women age 15-49 years who are in a polygamous union

7.4 MICS, 2012-1013

Young women who are married or in union and whose spouse is 10 or more years older among women age 15-19 years

28.3 MICS, 2012-1013

Young women who are married or in union and whose spouse is 10 or more years older among women age 20-24 years

37.7 MICS, 2012-1013

Children 0-17 years with at least one biological parent living abroad

0.7 MICS, 2012-1013

Children aged 6-14 years not attending school and engaging in work

2 MICS 2009

Children (0-18 years) suffered some form of injury out of which 1.3% is road accident and 1% children drowned

6.5 MICS, 2006

Children aged 5-18 can’t swim 20.6 MICS, 2006

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Availability: Proportion of adolescent girls and boys aged 15-19 years for whom adolescent club space is available

Accessibility: Proportion of adolescent girls and boys aged 15-19 years who are able to reach an adolescent club within 30 minutes

Utilization: Proportion of adolescent girls and boys aged 15-19 years who attend one LSBE session at adolescent club

Adequate Coverage: Proportion of adolescent girls and boys aged 15-19 years who complete Appropriate LSBE course at adolescent club

Effective Coverage: Proportion of adolescent girls and boys aged 15-19 years who completed Appropriate LSBE course and are not married before the age of 18

Availability: Proportion of birth registration units connected with BRIS, equipped with computers, printers and forms and operated by trained personnel

Accessibility: Proportion of parents of children under the age of one who know where and how or who can help them reporting birth and obtaining birth registration certificate

Utilization: Proportion of parents of children under the age of one who submitted an application for birth registration and birth registration certificate for their children

Adequate Coverage: Proportion of children under the age of one who are registered in BRIS and provided with birth registration certificate

Effective Coverage:Proportion of children under the age of one who are registered in BRIS and provided with birth registration certificate within 45 days of their birth

Challenges of Child Protection Sector: Children act 2013 not implemented by all stakeholders. Lack of human resource in DSS, MoWCA and BSA Less training opportunity for the field level workers in government

10084.2

6.8 4.97 1.60

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100120

Bagerhat

Equity Profile - Birth Registration within 45 days


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Less scope for local level stakeholders to participate in the decisions taken at the central level

Inter-sectoral cooperation/coordination is difficult

2.4 Health

Basic data on Health in Bagerhat:

Indicator Status *Data Source Under Five Mortality 45 per thousand live births 2 Infant Mortality 39 per thousand live births 2 Neonatal Mortality 30 per thousand live births 2 Maternal Mortality 64 per 100,000 live births

(Khulna divisional value) 4

Delivery by SBA 20.7% 2 Delivery at Facility 15.3% 2 Total Fertility Rate (TFR) 2.33 2 Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) 53.8% 2 Fully Vaccination Coverage (FVC) 91% 5

Health Facilities:

Facility Number *Data Source District Hospital 1 3 MCWC (Maternal and Child Welfare Center) 1 3 UHC (Upazila Health Complex) 8 3 UH&FWC (Union Health & Family Welfare Center) 62 3 CC (Community Clinic) 179 3

*Data Source: 1. Census-2011

2. Bangladesh District Level Socio-demographic and Health Care Utilization Indicators-2011 3. Divisional Director's Office-Khulna (Health and Family Planning

4. BMMS-2010 5. EPI Coverage Evaluation Survey-2013

UNICEF supported Health projects in Bagerhat:

Project Location

Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) All upazilla of Bagerhat district

Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI)

All upazilla of Bagerhat district

Joint GoB-UN Maternal and Neonatal Health Initiative (MNHI)


Special Care New born Unit (SCANU) Bagerhat District Hospital

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Maternal and Perinatal Death Review (MPDR) All upazilla of Bagerhat district

Community Support System (ComSS) All upazilla of Bagerhat district

Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI)

As a nation-wide programme to reduce child and maternal mortality and morbidity, UNICEF is supporting Govt. of Bangladesh since 1979. Initially, the programme covered vaccination against six major infectious diseases, later vaccines for three more diseases were included. The diseases are: 1.Tuberculosis, 2. Diphtheria, 3. Whooping Cough, 4. Tetanus, 5. Hepatitis-B, 6. HeamophilusInfuenza-B, 7. Poliomyelitis, 8. Measles and 9. Rubella.

The vaccines are: 1. BCG, 2. Pentavalent vaccine, 3. OPV, 4. Measles-Rubella (MR), 5. Measles and 6. Tetanus Toxoid (TT)

Support for EPI in Bagerhat:

1. Supply of vaccines, diluents, syringes and other logistics. 2. Cold chain maintenance (Refrigerators, Cold boxes and Vaccine Carriers). 3. Capacity development of health workers on improving the quality and coverage of

vaccination. 4. Support to National Immunization Days (NID) 5. Special support to low performing districts-Bagerhat (EPI micro-plan, bottleneck analysis and

corrective actions) The challenges for increasing the EPI coverage:

1. Hard to reach areas in coastal areas and riverine marsh lands. 2. Vacancy of the ground level health workers. 3. Lack of motivation for EPI in poor families. 4. Lack of supportive supervision.

[

Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI):

To reduce under five mortality and to prevent child hood malnutrition, UNICEF is supporting the Govt. in setting up of IMCI and Nutrition Corners at all Upazilla Health Complexes and District Hospital of Bagerhat. Joint GoB-UN Maternal and neonatal Health Initiative:

To accelerate the progress towards maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity reduction, Govt.of Bangladesh have undertaken an initiative with support from three UN organizations (UNFPA, UNICEF and WHO). This is known as Maternal and neonatal Health Initiative (MNHI).

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Special Care Newborn Unit (SCANU):

It has been established that more than 60 % of the infant deaths occur in the first 28 days of life. The major causes are: Infections, Birth asphyxia, Prematurity, Low birth weight, ARI, Birth injury and congenital anomalies. Over last 15 years, though under five mortality and infant mortality is decreased significantly, neonatal mortality showed slight decrease.

The preparatory work for SCANU at Bagerhat is completed in 2014. The renovation work will start from Jan, 2015. UNICEF will provide funds and technical guidance to establish this SCANU.

Maternal and Perinatal Death Review (MPDR):

Under a partnership with UNICEF, a civil society organization-Center for Injury Prevention & Research, Bangladesh (CIPRB) is implementing Maternal and Perinatal Death Review (MPDR) project in collaboration with Health and Family Planning departments of GoB at Bagerhat district.

Community Support System (ComSS) at Bagerhat district:

Under a partnership with UNICEF, a civil society organization-Partners in Health and Development (PHD) is implementing the Community Support System (ComSS) project in collaboration with Health and Family Planning departments of GoB at Bagerhat district.

The Community Support System educates mothers, families and communities about birth planning, identification of danger signs of pregnancy and sick newborn, immediate referral for emergency health care services, identification of health services in near geographical locations, seek health care services from medically trained health providers and other related health care practices.

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100

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Equity Profile - Comprehensive EmONC


100

80

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Bagerhat

Equity Profile - ANC (PP)


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100

98 98

94

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Bagerhat

Equity Profile - Fully Vaccinated Children (Health)


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Equity Profile - CCM for Pneumonia


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2.5 Nutrition:

Nutrition Indicators % Source Stunting

33.4 (34.1)

MICS 2012-13 (BDHS 2011)

Wasting

12.0 (14.6)

MICS 2012-13 (BDHS 2011)

Underweight

28.4 (29.1)

MICS 2012-13 (BDHS 2011)

Prevalence of Low Birth Weight

30.5 MICS 2012-13

Prevalence of anemia in children 6-59 months

54.2 BDHS 2011

Prevalence of anemia in women 15-49 years (ever married women)

37.4 BDHS 2011

Early Initiation of breastfeeding within first hour after birth

45.8 (47)

MICS 2012-13 (FSNSP 2012)

Exclusive breastfeeding for children up to 6 months

40 FSNSP 2012

Minimum dietary diversity for children 6-23 months

37 FSNSP 2012

Caregivers with appropriate hand washing behavior

16 FSNSP 2012

Vitamin A supplementation coverage (6- 59 months)

99 District NVAC administrative report March 2014

Vitamin A supplementation coverage (12- 59 months)

99 District NVAC administrative report March 2014

Deworming coverage of children 24-59 months

98 District NVAC administrative report -March 2013

Diarrhea treatment with ORT and zinc (children 0-59 months)

22.2 BDHS 2011

Pregnant women who took IFA during pregnancy

26 FSNSP 2012

Adolescent girls (10-18 years) who are underweight by BMI

43 FSNSP 2012

Inadequate dietary diversity consumption among women

37 FSNSP 2012

Pregnant women who are undernourished (by MUAC)

18 FSNSP 2012

Children 6-59 months screened for their nutritional status (March 2014)

2120 Community and facility level information

Estimated caseload of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) among children U5

12052 District population figures table

Children U5 screened as SAM (Jan-March 2014)

34

Facility based and/or NGO report

Children U5 with SAM who are admitted and treated (in-patient)

6 Facility based and/or NGO report)

Iodized salt consumption 59.7 MICS 2012-2013

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The overall prevalence of stunting (low height for age) and underweight (low weight for age) of children aged 6- 59 months in Bagerhat district are lesser than the national and divisional prevalence of stunting and underweight [MICS 2012-13]. But wasting (low weight for height) prevalence in children 6-59 months is higher than the national and divisional prevalence. All of these are within the serious category (in between critical and poor) of public health significance which is not within the acceptable category as per WHO classifications. Due to high prevalence of wasting (which refers to acute malnutrition) in Bagerhat district, food insecurity, disease condition (specially, diarrhoea and malaria) and maternal malnutrition need to be addressed.

The bottleneck analysis of different 12 Direct Nutrition Intervention (DNI)s showed that availability and accessibility coverage [except DNI 11(Nutrition Screening) and DNI 12 (Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM))] for all of the DNIs are good. The effective coverage of Early Initiation of Breastfeeding and Exclusive Breastfeeding showed improvement over the past two years, whereas that of Appropriate Complementary Feeding was still as low as as 15%. The effective coverage for Iodized Salt Consumption, Iron Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation during pregnancy and Zinc with ORS during diarrhoea were found to be as low as 31%, 28% and 10% and 18 respectively. Vitamin A supplementation and Deworming programme showed high coverage rate. However more focus should be given on Hand Washing, Appropriate maternal nutrition, Nutrition Screening and Management of SAM.

Challenges of nutrition sector:

1. Despite of being very essential/basic human need, Nutrition has not well understood by the community as well as service providers and relevant stakeholders.

2. Inadequate skilled HR, infrastructure, job aids, logistics for Nutrition mainstreaming. 3. Multi-sectoral coordination, planning and monitoring at district and sub-district levels. 4. Low level of community mobilization on Nutrition issues. 5. IFA is available in sufficient amount in community level but intake is very low due to lack of

awareness on full course IFA intake and its benefits. 6. Establishment and functionalize of SAM unit at all level facilities. 7. Supervision and monitoring from local level.

48%52%

15%

2%

99% 98%

31% 28%

10%1% 0% 0%0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Bagerhat

Availability Accessibility Utilisation Adequate Target Effective

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8. Operationalization of integrated nutrition information management (availability, timeliness, quality) and expansion to other health structures (ex. UHC, FWC).

9. Coordination between DGHS and DGFP on nutrition at all levels.

2.6 Field Operation Section: Local Capacity Building and Community Empowerment (LCBCE) Programme:

Decentralization, capacity building and empowerment of local government bodies and institutions from ward level to national level is the prime objective of this project. Under this project routine mechanism for bottom up planning starting from the ward level and accumulated up to the national level is being standardized, institutionalised and exemplified by evidence through technical, human resource and monetary support

Specifically, the programme seeks to enhance the capacity of Local Government Institutions (LGI), Civil Society Organizations (CSO), and Community-Based Organizations (CBO) and networks in inclusive bottom-up and participatory micro planning for social development and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). It will strengthen coordination mechanisms for inter-sector programme synergy, and strengthen local systems for results-based monitoring and reporting in the convergence district. LCBCE programme covered all union of Mongla and Sarankhola upazila.

End result of this project is all round development of communities across sectors at their own planning, resources and initiative. It has routine coordination platform from ward level to the national level bridging critical analysis of the ground reality.

2.6.1 Emergency Emergency Indicators (Hazard, likelihood and damage analysis)

Area Key information Hazards Likelihood Extent of causality and damage

Bagerhat

Population- 1512484(M-758387 F-754097), Households- 354223, Area-3959.11 sq.km, Upazilas-9, Union-76, Village- 961 and Municipalities- 3

Cyclone Tsunami

Water logging Flood

Salinity Climate change

Earthquake

High High

Very low Very low

Low High Low

Huge Huge

Very low Very low

Low Very slow

Low

3.6.2 Status of disaster preparedness and risk reduction

Cyclone Preparedness Programme (CPP) is the largest programme being operated in three upazila (Sarankhola, Morrelgonj and Mongla) of this district. They have trained and experience volunteers even at the ward level. This programme became weak now due to lack of logistics and vacant position of Assistant director from long time

UNDP (CDMP), ACDI/VOCA, PCI, World vision, Muslim Aid, Caritas, some local NGOs and UNICEF is working in this sector but there is duplication of work in terms of union

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preparedness and response plan prepare, committee formation, training, selection of issues and messages. It also creates confusion among mass people and service providers.

The dyke along the cost was severely damaged during the devastating cyclone SIDR 2007 and Ayla 2008 those were not fully repaired.

Challenges in emergency sector

Most importantly the partially damages and unprotected dyke along the coast. This dyke was damaged during the devastating cyclone SIDR 2007 and Ayla 2008.

Disaster Management Committees has been formed from union to district level but these mechanism not fully functional and empowered.

Volunteer lists at various levels are not updated regularly. New volunteers are not getting training. Most cases they are short of logistics like hand mikes.

Different development partners often disseminating different messages often conflicting. This is also confusing for the mass people.

The universal truth of emergency –“A disaster strikes when the previous one is forgotten.”

3.0 Overall Challenges for development: Bagerhat is a most important districts in Bangladesh for development work. Its geographic and demographic diversities and location made it vulnerable as result people of this area are behind in almost all the areas of development. A good number of UN, international and national NGOs are working in various location of the district dealing with various issues but there are many challenges still ahead. Few of these challenges are-

Lack of coordination: Despite the fact that many organizations are working, there is lack of cooperation and coordination among them. As a result duplication of work, unserved/ underserved sectors and overlooked geographic locations.

Silo attitude: In some cases some organizations do not want to share information which hinders overall development trend and increase duplication of work and effort.

Low awareness level: Overall awareness level of mass population is considerably low. Most of them thinks infrastructural development as avenues for development being ignorant and negligent about most of the human development indicators

4.0 Conclusion Bagerhat, the sanctuary of Hazrat Khan Jahan Ali, was formerly a part of khilafatabadpargana. It is situated at the fringe of the Bay of Bengal with the plentiful boundaries of Sundarban. The second sea port of Bangladesh is in Bagerhat so this district is very important for revenue income. Many organisations have concentrated their effort and resources in the district yet a long way to go. There are many programmatic, social, economic, demographic, political, administrative challenges, and unfortunately only some of them are being addressed. Coordinated effort, integrated plan, resource mobilization & leveraging and community participation as a whole are not only keys but also a must for desired all round development of the district.

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5.0 Other Important Information 5.1 Summary of UNICEF interventions in Bagerhat # Sector

Coverage Implementing partner

Education PEDP-III All Upazilla Education in Emergency District Child Friendly School Mongla and Sarankhola Life Skills Based Education (LSBE) District

Child Protection Birth Registration District Local Government

Division (LGD) Child Sensitive Social Protection in Bangladesh (CSPB), UNDAF District

District Department of Social Services (DSS)

Enabling Environment for Child Rights (EECR),UNDAF District

District Ministry of Women Children Affairs (MoWCA)

Child Protection in Emergency Sub-Cluster,UNDAF District

District Ministry of Women Children Affairs (MoWCA)

Capacity Building for Police, UNDAF District

District Ministry of Home Affairs

Promoting community based social protection Mechanism, Bagerhat

Sadar and Mongla Jagaroni Chakra Foundation

WASH Action Research on Managed Aquifer

Recharge (MAR) 23 sites in 05 Upazillas, working with 03 PNGOs (GMF, JJS and AOSED)

DPHE

Health Joint GoB-UN Maternal and Neonatal

Health Initiative (MNHI) All upazilla of Bagerhat district

Ministry of Health and Family Welfair

Community Support System(ComSS) in partnership with PHD (Partners in Health and Development)



Maternal and Peri-natal Death Review (MPDR) in partnership with Center for Injury Prevention and Research, Bangladesh (CIPRB)



Special Care New born Unit (SCANU) Bagerhat District Hospital


Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI)



Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI)



Nutrition National Vitamin A Plus campaign All upazilas, Bi-annual, MOHFW IMCI nutrition corner All upazilas MOHFW C4D Communication through mobile film

shows DMC-MOI

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# Sector

Coverage Implementing partner

LCBCE Field Operation Section: Local Capacity

Building and Community Empowerment (LCBCE) programme

All union of Mongla and Sarankhola upazila

District and upazila administration and UP through Convergence Coordination Committee

Ensure Coordination and Convergence through Functionalization of CCCs


District and Upazila administration and UP representative

Strengthen Capacity and provide technical support to partners on bottom-up planning


All Convergence Coordination Committees-CCC and NILG

Emergency Preparedness through reactivation of DMCs, different day observance, NGO mapping, develop union and upazila response plan


All CCCs and DMCs

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5.2 Upazila wise name of unions: Bagerhat Sadar Chitolmari Upazila Fakirhat Upazila Morelganj Upazila

Barai Para Barabaria Union Bahirdia Mansa Baharbunia

Bemarta Charbanaria Union Betaga Balibunia

Bishnupur Chitolmari Union Fakirhat Banagram

Dema Hizla Union Lagpur Baraikhali

Gotapara Kalatala Union Mulghar Chingrakhali

Jatrapur Santoshpur Union NaldhaMouvog Daibagnyahati

Karapara Mongla Upazila Piljanga Hoglabunia

Khanpur Burirdanga Shuvadia Hogla Pasha

Rakhalgachi Chandpai Bahirdia Mansa Juiludhara

SaitGambuz Chila Rampal Upazila Khuolia

Barai Para Mithakhali Baintala Morrelganj

Mollarhat Upazila Sonailtala Banshtali Nishanbaria

Atjuri Sundarban Bhojpatia Panchakaran

Chunkhola Kachua Upazila Gurambha Putkhali

Gangni Badhal Hurka Ramchandrapur

Gaola Dhopakhali Mallikerber Sharonkhola Upazila

Kodalia Gazalia Perkkhali Dhansagar

Kulia Gopalpur Rajnagar Khontakata

Udaypur Kachua Rampal Rayenda

Maghia Ujalkur Dakhinkhali (Southkhali)

Raripara Tentulia Union

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