Bacterial Disease, Part 1 Module 4 FS/Lectures/04_Bacterial_Dis_Pt1... · Francisella tularensis...

Bacterial Disease, Part 1 Module 4

Textbook readings:

Bacterial Diseases – Part #1 Chapter 25, Pages 338-357

Staphylococci Virulence Factors 338-343 Nosocomial Infections 345 Gastroenteritis by Staphylococci 343-344 Integumentary Infections 344 Toxic Shock Syndrome 344-345 Streptococcal Diseases 345-345 • Streptococcus agalactiae Pneumococcal Diseases 345-349 Gonorrhea 349-350 Meningococcal Meningitis 350-351 Clostridial Diseases 351-353 Diphtheria 353-354 Tularemia 354-355 Mycobacterium 355-356 Leptospirosis 357

Bacterial Diseases, Chapter 25, Pages 338 - 357

1. Introduction (Pages 338 – 342)

2. Staphylococci (Pages 342 – 345)

A. Introduction

i. Morphology – clusters of spheres

ii. Often part of normal flora

iii. How are they spread

iv. Nosocomial Infections and precautions (Page 343) Image Link

Microbiology FS Bacterial Diseases, Part 1

v. Virulence Factors

a. Toxins

b. Enzymes

vi. Resistance

A. Food Poisoning and Staphylococcus aureus (Pages 343 – 344)

i. Enterotoxins - Toxins effecting digestive system. Toxin may be made in

the intestines or on food with is subsequently ingested

ii. How does cooked food get contaminated? (Page 343)

iii. What is the effect of reheating the contaminated food? (Page 344)

B. Skin Infections of Staphylococcus aureus (Page 344)

i. Furncle

ii. Carbuncle

iii. Embalming and

Disinfection

C. Toxic Shock Syndrome (Page 344)

i. Staphylococcus aureus

ii. Toxin

Normal Flora on skin(Bacterial living on skin

as normal microbiota)

FoliculitisHail Follicle in infected

Furuncle (Boil)Infection continues resulting in

the now pus filled follicle

CarbuncleNeighboring Hair follicles may alsobe infected similarly, when then fuse

a large carbuncle formsStaphylococcus aureus inromote body region producestoxin that diffused into bloodstream causing Toxic ShockSyndrome (TSS).


D. Compare and contrast Nosocomial Infections

vs Iatrogenic Infections (Page 345)

i. Note: there are three species of Staphylococcus sp. mentioned

3. Streptococci (Pages 345 – 349)

A. Streptococcus agalactiae

i. Diseases: Sepsis and meningitis

a. Newborns

b. Postpartum uterine infections

• Note nervous system complications

B. Streptococcus pneumonia (Pages 345 – 347)

i. Diseases

a. pneumococcal meningitis in adults

b. pneumococcal meningitis in children

ii. Virulence Factor

a. Capsule

iii. Note: vaccine available

C. Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infection) (Page 346)

i. Disease Causing Agents

• Streptococcus pneumoniae

• Streptococcus aureus

BacteriaCapsule


D. Lobar Pneumonia

i. Disease Causing Agent

• Streptococcus pneumoniae

• Secondary Disease

• Fluid buildup in alveoli and bronchial tubes

E. Strep Throat


• Streptococcus pyogenes

ii. Virulence Factors

• Spreading Factor (Hyaluronidase)

F. Impetigo



G. Scarlet Fever (Page 348)

H. Rheumatic Fever (Page 348)




I. Childbirth Fever or Puerperal Sepsis (Page 349)

4. Neisseria Gonorrhoeae (Pages 349 - 350)

A. Disease: Gonorrhoeae

i. Virulence Factors

a. Pili

ii. Transmission

iii. “Asymptomatic Carriers” (Page 349)

iv. Complications

a. Men

• Sterility due to scarring in men (Page 349)

• Epididymitis and Infertility

b. Women

• Pelvic Inflammatory disease in women (Page 350)

v. Resistance to Penicillin

4. Neisseria Meningitidis (Pages 350 - 351)

Strep Throat

Toxins

Toxinsenter blood

Stream

Bacteriaenter blood

Stream resultingin Sepsis

Bacteria

Bacteria travelin blood and

arrive atheart valves

Toxins travelin blood and

arrive atskin

Scarlet Fever occursas blood vessels are

compromized and leakHemorrhage.

Rheumatic Fever occurs as bacteria grow

on valves and causeautoimmune damage

to valves.


A. 30% individuals are asymptomatic carriers

B. Virulence Factors

i. Capsule

ii. Pili

D. Diseases

5. Clostridia sp. (Pages 351 - 353)

• Endospore Formers

• Anaerobic

A. Clostridium botulinum and Botulism (Page 351)

i. Obligate anaerobe and Endospore Former

ii. Exotoxin

a. Prevents muscle contraction

iii. Anaerobic potentials for growth

a. Improperly Canned Foods

b. Honey when ingested by infant

c. Necrotic Wound

B. Clostridium tetani and Tetanus (Page 352)

i. Obligate anaerobe and Endospore Former

ii. Neurotoxin

a. Prevents muscle relaxation

Bacteria CapsulePili


iii. Vacinne (DTaP) “Diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis”

C. Clostridium perfringens (Page 352 - 353)

i. Characteristics of the Bacteria

a. Anaerobe and Endospore Former

b. Saprophytic

c. Gas Producer

d. Toxin

e. Member of normal flora (Microbiota)

ii. Diseases

a. Gas Gangrene

• Gasses: CO2 and H2

• Tissue Gas

b. Saprophytic

iii. Prevention: Disinfection of exposed instruments

6. Corynebacteria sp. (Pages 353 - 354)

A. Characteristics of the Corynebacteria sp.

i. Saprophytic and free living

ii. Facultative aerobes

B. Corynebacteria diphtheriae

i. Transmission: Airborne and by physical contact


ii. Diphtheria Toxin stops protein synthesis

iii. Site of infection: Upper Respiratory Tract: tonsils and pharynx

iv. Dissemination of kidneys and heart

v. Vaccine: DTaP (The “D” stands for diphtheria)

6. Francisella tularensis (Pages 354 - 355)

A. Aerobe, Reservoir: Rabbits

B. Disease: Tularemia or Rabbit Fever

i. Progression: contact à Lymph Node involvement à dissemination to

other organs.

C. Transmission

7. Mycobacterium avium (Page 355)

A. Organism is endemic in environment

B. Effects immunocompromised individuals with AIDS

8. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Page 355 - 356)

A. General overview

i. World wide communicable disease

ii. Resistant to environmental influences, such as drying out, antiseptics and

disinfectants

B. Disease Progression


i. Phagocytosis à further immune response results in “Tubercle”

formation à Center of tubercle may liquify and allow bacterial to grow

à Tubercle may burst, releasing bacteria throughout lungs and possibly

other organs.

8. Spirochetes (Page 356 - 357)

A. General Information

i. Helical shape

ii. Cause of Zoonotic Diseases

B. Leptospira interrogans

i. Disease: Leptospirosis

ii. Reservoir: many vertebrates such as dogs, rats, etc.

a. Live in Kidney tubules and excreted in urine

iii. Entrance through cuts or mucous membrane

LECTURE OUTLINE

1. Food poisoning and Staphylococcus aureus


i. Carriers

ii. Locations

iii. Nosocomial Infections


B. Diseases

i. Staphylococcal Food Poisoning intoxication

• Growth Factors

• Heat-stable Enterotoxin

• Symptoms

ii. Prevention

2. Disease progression of Streptococcus pneumonia



i. Polysaccharide Capsule

• 90 Serotypes

ii. Hemolysin

iii. Leukocidin

iv. Hyaluronidase

C. Diseases

i. Lobar pneumonia

ii. Bacteremia

iii. Meningitis

iv. Otitis media

D. Vaccines


a. PPSV23 (Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine, 23 Serotypes)

b. PCV13 (Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, 13 Serotypes)

3. Disease progression of Streptococcus pyogenes

A. Introductory Information


i. Enzymes

a. DNAse

b. Hyaluronidase

c. Streptokinase

d. Streptolysins

e. Erythrogenic Toxin

ii. Toxin

a. Leukocidin

C. Antigenic Variations

D. Diseases of Group A b-hemolytic Streptococci

i. Primary Disease

a. Pharyngitis (“Strep Throat”)

b. Scarlet Fever


• Erythrogenic Toxin

c. “Flesh Eating” Streptococcus pyogenes

ii. Secondary Diseases (Late Nonsuppurative Sequelae)

a. Rheumatic Fever

b. Glomerulonephritis

4. Disease progression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A. Historical Perspective

B. Transmission

C. Latent Tuberculosis Infection

D. Tuberculosis Disease

i. Primary Infection

ii. Caseation Necrosis

iii. Miliary Tuberculosis

• Tuberculous Meningitis - etc etc etc

E. Chemotherapy

i. First line - 8 weeks

Isoniazid (INH) Rifampin

Pyrazinamide Ethambutol

Then - 18 weeks


Isoniazid (INH) Rifampin

ii. Second line

Aminosalicylic acid & salts Capromycin

Cycloserine Ethionamide

Streptomycin

F. Diagnosis

i. Tuberculin Skin Test (Mantoux test)

ii. Blood tests

iii. x ray

G. Vaccine

i. Mycobacterium bovis

H. AIDS Patients

I. Epidemic

Bacterial Disease, Part 1 Module 4 FS/Lectures/04_Bacterial_Dis_Pt1... · Francisella tularensis...

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