BACTERIA SIMPLE ONE-CELLED ANIMAL. COCCI ROUND OR SPHERICAL IN SHAPE.
Transcript of BACTERIA SIMPLE ONE-CELLED ANIMAL. COCCI ROUND OR SPHERICAL IN SHAPE.
BACTERIA
SIMPLE ONE-CELLED ANIMAL
COCCI
• ROUND OR SPHERICAL IN SHAPE
DIPLCOCCI
• COCCI OCCURS IN PAIRS
• DISEASES– GONORRHEA– MENINGITIS– PNEUMONIA
STREPTOCOCCI
• COCCI OCCURS IN A CHAIN
• DISEASES– SEVERE SORE THROAT– RHEUMATIC FEVER
STAPHYOLCOCCI
• COCCI OCCUR IN CLUSTERS OR GROUPS
• INFECTIONS– BOILS – WOUND INFECTIONS– TOXIC SHOCK
BACILLI
• ROD SHAPED
• SINGLES, PAIRS OR IN CHAINS
• FLAGELLA
• SPORES
• DISEASES– TB– TETANUS, DIPTHERIA AND TYPHOID
Anthracis Spores 1
Anthracis Vegetative cells in monkey spleen
Anthracis spore 2
Anthracis vegetative cells and spores
SPIRILLA
• SPIRAL OR CORKSCREW
• COMMA-SHAPED VIBRIO
• CORKSCREW SPIROCHETE
• Diseases– syphilis– cholera
PROTOZOA
ONE CELLED ANIMAL
PROTOZOA
• ONE CELLED ANIMAL
• FOUND IN DECAYED MATERIALS AND CONTAMINATED WATER
• SOME ARE PATHOGENIC AND CAUSE DISEASE
PROTOZOA DISEASE
• MALARIA,
• AMEBIC DYSENTERY
• TRICHOMONAS
• AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS
FUNGI
RICKETTSIAE
VIRUSES
FACTORS REQUIRED FOR GROWTH
• WARM ENVIRONMENT
• DARKNESS
• SOURCE OF FOOD AND MOISTURE
• OXYGEN– AEROBIC ORGANISM
• REQUIRES OXYGEN TO LIVE
– ANEROBIC ORGANISM• LIVES AND REPRODUCES IN ABSENCE OF
OXYGEN
HOW DO PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS CAUSE INFECTION AND DISEASE
• Produce poisons called toxins– bacillus tetanus– toxin that damages the CNS
• allergic reaction– runny nose, watery eyes, sneezing
• attack and destroy living cells– protozoa - malaria– rbc rupture
CLASSIFICATONS OF DISEASES AND INFECTIONS
• Endogenous
• Exogenous
• Nosocomial
• Opportunistic
CHAIN OF INFECTION
• factors that must exist for disease to occur and spread
• CAUSATIVE AGENT
• RESERVOIR
• PORTAL OF EXIT
• MEANS OF TRANSMISSION
• PORTAL OF ENTRY
• SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
Means of transmission
ENDING THE CHAIN OF INFECTION
• If any part of the chain can be eliminated the spread of disease or infection will be stopped.
• Follow practices to break chain
• prevent transmission of disease
Aseptic Techniques
• Major way to break chain of infection
• Two main terms– Asepsis
• Absence of disease producing micro-organisms or pathogens
– Contaminated• Any object or area that may contain pathogens
ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE
• Maintaining cleanliness and eliminating or preventing contamination
Common Aseptic Techniques
• Hand-washing
• Good personal hygiene
• Use disposable gloves when contacting body secretions or contaminated objects
• Proper cleaning of instruments and equipment
Levels of aseptic control
• Antisepsis– Prevent or inhibit the growth of pathogenic
organisms– Not effective against spores and viruses– Can usually be used on the skin
• Examples: – Alcohol and betadine
Disinfection
• Destroys or kills pathogenic organisms
• Not always effective against spores and viruses
• Boiling water and chemical disinfectants are used
• Can irritate or damage the skin and are used mainly on objects, not people
Sterilization
• Process that de4stroys all microorganisms– Both pathogenic and nonpathogenic– Includes spores and viruses
• Steam under pressure, gas, radiation, and chemicals can be used to sterilize
• Autoclave is most common equipment used
Summary
• Important for health care worker to know and use proper aseptic techniques
• Prevents spread and transmission of disease.