Bacteria - Coosa High Schoolfloydcoosahigh.sharpschool.net/.../File/Bacteria3.pdf · 2 Domains of...
Transcript of Bacteria - Coosa High Schoolfloydcoosahigh.sharpschool.net/.../File/Bacteria3.pdf · 2 Domains of...
Bacteria
2 Domains of Bacteria
Archaea Bacteria Domain (Ancient Bacteria)
• Live in extreme environments: without oxygen,ocean floors, salty water, hot springs, cow intestines,swamps.
Eubacteria Domain (True Bacteria)
• Live everywhere.• Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) –contain chlorophyll, live in water, return nitrogen tothe soil; green pond scum
Characteristics of Bacteria
1. Unicellular = single-celled.
2. Prokaryotes: Cell DNA notcontained in a nucleus.
• DNA is circular shape.
3. Surrounded by a cell wall.
4. May have flagella to move.
Some bacteria have flagellafor movement.
Bacteria vary greatly in size.
3 Basic Shapes of Bacteria
Bacilli = rod-like
Spirilla = spiral
Cocci = round
Bacilli
Cocci
Spirilla
Survival Needs of Bacteria
Obtain Food
1. Autotrophs: make their food.
• Photosynthesis
• Use chemical substances in their environment.
2. Heterotrophs: cannot make their own food.
• consume other organisms.
• consume foods.
• consume dead organisms.
Respiration1. Break down food to release energy.
2. Some require oxygen = aerobes.
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy
C6H12O6 + O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP energy
3. Some do not require oxygen = anaerobes.
glucose lactic acid + energy
C6H12O6 2C3H6O3 + 2 ATP energy
Reproduce
• reproduction that involves only one parent• offspring are identical to the parent
Binary Fission: cell divides to form two identicalcells
1. Asexual Reproduction:
Binary Fission
2. Sexual Reproduction:
• reproduction that involves two parents• offspring is different from both parents
Conjugation
• genetic information is exchangedbetween organisms
• does not increase the number of bacteria• results in bacteria that are genetically different
Conjugation
3. Endospore: a small, rounded, thick-walled,resting cell that forms inside a bacterial cellwhen conditions are not good enough toreproduce.
• helps bacteria survive harsh conditions byresisting, freezing, heating, drying
Anthrax endospores
The Role of Bacteria and
Nature
Cyanobacteria
1. Oxygen Production.
2. Food Production
Pasteurization: food is heated to a temperature high enough to kill most harmful bacteria without changing the taste of the food.
3. Bacteria as EnvironmentalRecyclers
4. Environmental Cleanup: Bioremediation
Oil eating bacteria.
5. Health and Medicine
• Help digest food in your intestines.
• Make vitamins your body needs,such as, vitamin K needed forblood clotting,
• Make medicine such as insulin.
Familiar Diseases
Strep throat
Strep Throat
Blood Agar Plate testing positive for
Streptococcus pyogenes
Pneumonia
Bronchitis
Subcutaneous, Respiratory, or Gastrointestional
Tetanus
Tuberculosis
Lyme Disease
Food Poison
E. coli
Salmonella
Clostridium botulinum
Shigella
Antiobiotic: a chemical that can kill bacteria without harming a person’s own cell.