Bacteria. Characteristics prokaryotic unicellular usually have locomotion reproduce sexually &...
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Transcript of Bacteria. Characteristics prokaryotic unicellular usually have locomotion reproduce sexually &...
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Bacteria
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Characteristics
• prokaryotic• unicellular• usually have locomotion• reproduce sexually & asexually
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Classification
Kingdom Archaebacteria – “ancient bacteria”-able to live in extreme environments (thick mud, hot springs, salty environments)
Kingdom Eubacteria – “true bacteria” -many are pathogenic (disease causing) -ex: E. coli
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BACTERIA are classified according to:
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1. Shapes of Bacteria
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BASIC SHAPES:coccus-round, bacillus-rod,
spirillum-spiralPREFIXES: diplo-pairs, tetra-fours, staphylo-clusters, strepto-chains
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Identifying Prokaryotes
2. Structure of Cell WallsTwo different types of cell walls are found in
eubacteria. A method called gram staining tells them apart.
Gram-positive bacteria have thinner cell walls with large amounts of peptidoglycan.
Gram-negative bacteria have thick cell walls inside an outer lipid layer.
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Nutrition
• autotrophic-photosynthesis – uses light-chemosynthesis - uses chemicals
• heterotrophic
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3. Metabolic DiversityProkaryotes are divided into two main
groups:–Heterotrophs get their energy by
consuming organic molecules made by other organisms.
–Autotrophs make their own food from inorganic molecules.ex. Photoautotrophs and chemoautotrophs
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Metabolic Diversity
Three Types of Metabolism:a. Obligate aerobes-require a constant supply of oxygen. b. Obligate Anaerobes-Bacteria that live without oxygen because they may be killed by it. c. Facultative Anaerobes-Bacteria that can survive with or without oxygen.
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Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
4. Reproduction
a. Binary Fission Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction in which an
organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells.
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Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Growth and Reproduction
b. Conjugation During conjugation, a hollow bridge forms
between two bacterial cells, and genes move from one cell to the other.
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Growth and Reproduction
c. Spore Formation In unfavorable growth conditions, many bacteria form
spores. An endospore forms when a bacterium produces a
thick internal wall that encloses its DNA and some of its cytoplasm.
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binary fission
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conjugation
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Bacillus anthracis with endospore
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ImportanceBeneficial:• decomposers• produce antibiotics• break down sewer waste• used in research• used in food making• form symbiotic relationships with humans (E. coli in intestine)• nitrogen fixation
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Importance
Harmful:• cause disease in humans• cause disease in livestock• cause disease in crops