Bacteria Bacteria on the tip of a pin. Prokaryotes Identified by their Shapes Chemical nature of...
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Transcript of Bacteria Bacteria on the tip of a pin. Prokaryotes Identified by their Shapes Chemical nature of...
![Page 1: Bacteria Bacteria on the tip of a pin. Prokaryotes Identified by their Shapes Chemical nature of their cell walls The ways they move The ways they obtain.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d9f5503460f94a8a251/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Bacteria
Bacteria onthe tip of apin
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ProkaryotesIdentified by their• Shapes• Chemical natureof their cell walls• The ways theymove• The ways theyobtain energy
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Basic Structure
Cell wall – protects the cell & gives it shape.
Outer membrane – protects the cell against some anibiotics (only present in gram-negative)
Cell membrane – regulates movement of materials into & out of the cell; containsenzymes important to cellular respiration.
Plasmid – circular piece of DNA that contains some genes obtained through genetic recombination.
Capsule & Slime layer – protect the cell & assist in attaching the cell to other surfaces.
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3 basic shapesBacillusCoccusSpirilla
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• Cell Arrangements– Diplo – cells are paired
– Staphylo – cells are in grape-like clusters
– Strepto – cells are in long chains
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Cell Wall• Two different types of cell walls
are found in eubacteria• Gram staining helps to tell them apart using two different types of
dye– Violet - primary stain
– Red - counterstain
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• Gram positive– Bacteria cells containing peptidoglycan absorb only the violet dye– Appear purple in the microscope
• Gram negative– Bacteria with a second(outer) layer of lipid and carbohydrate molecules– Extra layer absorbs only the red stain– Appear pink in the microscope
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Gram Staining Bacteria• Gram Positive – stains purple• Gram Negative – stains pinkhttp://www.uphs.upenn.edu/bugdrug/antibiotic_manual/Gram3.htm
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Growth and Reproduction
• Binary Fission: bacterium doubles in size, it replicates its DNA and divides in half.
• Is this sexual or asexual reproduction?
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Growth & Reproduction- Conjugation
• the process by which two living bacteriabind together and one bacterium transfers genetic information to the other.
Sex pili
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Growth and Reproduction…
• Endospore – protects the cell against harsh environmental conditions, such as heat and
drought.• May allow the bacterium to survive for
thousands of years.
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Bacillus cereus
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– (found in soil)• straight rods, arranged singly or in pairs• cells stain Gram-positive (blue-violet)
Bacillus cereus
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Aquaspirillum serpens
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Aquaspirillum serpens
– (found in fresh water)• -spiral shaped, arranged singly• -cells stain Gram-negative (red)
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E. Coli
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Escherichia coli
– (digest food in your intestines)• straight rods, arranged singly or in pairs• cells stain Gram-negative (pink)
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Staphylococcus Epidermidis
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Staphylococcus Epidermidis
– epidermis (found normally on skin)• spherical shape• cells stain Gram-positive (blue-violet)