Backchanneling&as&aSignal&of&Solidarity& · Jenny,&Anna,&Sarah,&and&Angelause&various&forms&of&...

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Jenny, Anna, Sarah, and Angela use various forms of backchanneling to indicate engagement with the speaker, thereby displaying a sense of solidarity and friendship. This behavior indicates that in the specific culture of this friend group there is importance is placed on a?en@veness as well as deference to the dominance of the storyteller. The par@cipants in our group use three kinds of backchanneling. (1) Non lexical backchanneling is when listeners respond to the main speaker with sounds or u?erances such as laughter, ‘uhhuh’, or ‘oh’ rather than words. (2) Listeners also employ simple words or phrases, like ‘really’ and ‘yeah’; these are known as phrasal backchannel responses and appear regularly throughout the data. (3) Comple@on of the storyteller’s sentence by a listener is a third form of backchanneling. The girls in these data repeatedly u@lize backchannel responses to indicate their engagement with the speaker without taking the floor. Name Age Ethnicity Angela 18 White Anna 17 White Jenny 18 White Sarah 17 MexicanAmerican Chade Bills, Isaiah Ichihara, Raisa MonroeYavneh, William Wong 617 Anna: You fancy huh? 618 No the, 619 The fancy one is, 620 Um, (Salzers), huh? 621 Or what’s that one, [Salzers]? 622 Angela: [Salzers]? 623 Jenny: [Xais]? 624 Anna: Xais! 625 Angela: Salzers is a • Angela and Jenny appear to interrupt, but ask ques@ons to clarify what Anna means • Jenny and Angela suggest possible comple@ons of Anna’s sentence, helping her perfect the details of her story • Con@nua@on of the conversa@on shows that these ques@ons did not disrupt Anna’s story or the current conversa@on roles • Indicates engagement with the speaker by displaying understanding of the subject manner 842 Jenny: I was gonna play volleyball my junior year but, 843 I hated the people who I was gonna play with. 844 I was on the team with Fiona: and all the like, 845 All the, 846 Those girls. 847 And then I tried to play volleyball my junior year, 848 And I was on JV with like, Fiona:, 849 Um, go:sh, a bunch of like, slu:?y girls. 850 And I didn’t wanna go through it. 851 And so I decided not to play. 852 I said, “So:rry, I cannot be with… these.” 853 Sarah: @@@ • Sarah laughs aner Jenny’s story at an appropriate transi@on relevance place, as signalled by Jenny’s falling intona@on at the end of line 853 • Sarah’s laughter doesn’t disrupt the speaker or switch the current conversa@onal roles • Indicates engagement with the speaker and displays appropriate affect Backchanneling as a Signal of Solidarity 658 Anna: Well I mean it’s like, 659 Who raises you [you know]? 660 Jenny: [Yeah]. 661 Anna: Like, 662 Jenny: [Her last name] 663 Anna: [I would never] 664 I would never call my pop Richard. 665 Jenny: Yeah. • Anna’s directed speech in line 659 requires a par@cular response, which Jenny provides • Anna reinforces the backchannel process by asking for engagement from the listener, Jenny • In line 665, Jenny displays engagement with the speaker at an appropriate TRP by saying “Yeah.” • In this context, “Yeah” is used as an interjec@on to display affect toward the speaker’s statement rather than taking a specific stance • This displays a sense of support and a?en@on without disrup@ng the status quo of the conversa@on It appears that this friend group uses various forms of backchanneling during storytelling sequences to accomplish a number of goals. First and foremost, these backchannels, which are @med at appropriate transi@on relevance places, indicate ongoing engagement with the speaker without altering par@cipants’ current conversa@onal roles. Nonlexical u?erances such as laughter and small phrasal such as “yeah” or “oh”, while seemingly small, serve to indicate engagement and a?en@on without asser@ng specific stances. Comple@ng a friend’s sentence displays understanding as well as closeness. Even clarifica@on ques@ons, which in these data onen do not occur at transi@on relevance places but instead interrupt the flow of speech, serve to provide a sense of a?en@veness. It appears that within this friend group, there is heavy importance placed on a?en@veness, closeness, and deference to the conversa@onal status quo.

Transcript of Backchanneling&as&aSignal&of&Solidarity& · Jenny,&Anna,&Sarah,&and&Angelause&various&forms&of&...

Page 1: Backchanneling&as&aSignal&of&Solidarity& · Jenny,&Anna,&Sarah,&and&Angelause&various&forms&of& backchanneling&to&indicate& engagementwith&the&speaker,&thereby&displaying&asense&of&solidarity&and&friendship.&

Jenny,   Anna,   Sarah,   and   Angela   use   various   forms   of   backchanneling   to   indicate  engagement  with  the  speaker,  thereby  displaying  a  sense  of  solidarity  and  friendship.  This   behavior   indicates   that   in   the   specific   culture   of   this   friend   group   there   is  importance  is  placed  on  a?en@veness  as  well  as  deference  to  the  dominance  of  the  storyteller.  The  par@cipants  in  our  group  use  three  kinds  of  backchanneling.  (1)  Non-­‐lexical  backchanneling  is  when  listeners  respond  to  the  main  speaker  with  sounds  or  u?erances   such   as   laughter,   ‘uh-­‐huh’,   or   ‘oh’   rather   than  words.   (2)   Listeners   also  employ  simple  words  or  phrases,  like  ‘really’  and  ‘yeah’;  these  are  known  as  phrasal  backchannel  responses  and  appear  regularly  throughout  the  data.  (3)  Comple@on  of  the  storyteller’s  sentence  by  a  listener  is  a  third  form  of  backchanneling.  The  girls  in  these   data   repeatedly   u@lize   backchannel   responses   to   indicate   their   engagement  with  the  speaker  without  taking  the  floor.    

Name   Age   Ethnicity  Angela   18   White  Anna   17   White  Jenny   18   White  Sarah   17   Mexican-­‐American  

Chade  Bills,  Isaiah  Ichihara,  Raisa  Monroe-­‐Yavneh,  William  Wong  

617  Anna:  You  fancy  huh?  618    No  the,  619    The  fancy  one  is,  620    Um,  (Salzers),  huh?  621    Or  what’s  that  one,  [Salzers]?  622  Angela:                                                                          [Salzers]?  623  Jenny:                                                                          [Xais]?  624  Anna:  Xais!  625  Angela:    Salzers  is  a  -­‐  

•  Angela    and  Jenny  appear  to    interrupt,  but  ask  ques@ons  to  clarify  what  Anna  means  •  Jenny  and  Angela  suggest  possible  comple@ons  of  Anna’s  sentence,  helping  her  perfect  the  details  of  her  story  •  Con@nua@on  of  the  conversa@on  shows  that  these  ques@ons  did  not  disrupt  Anna’s  story  or  the  current  conversa@on  roles  •  Indicates  engagement  with  the  speaker  by  displaying  understanding  of  the  subject  manner  

 842  Jenny:  I  was  gonna  play  volleyball  my  junior  year  but,  843    I  hated  the  people  who  I  was  gonna  play  with.  844    I  was  on  the  team  with  Fiona:  and  all  the  like,  845    All  the,  846    Those  girls.  847    And  then  I  tried  to  play  volleyball  my  junior  year,  848    And  I  was  on  JV  with  like,  Fiona:,  849    Um,  go:sh,  a  bunch  of  like,  slu:?y  girls.  850    And  I  didn’t  wanna  go  through  it.  851    And  so  I  decided  not  to  play.  852       I  said,  “So:rry,  I  cannot  be  with…  these.”  853     Sarah:  @@@  

•  Sarah  laughs  aner  Jenny’s  story  at  an  appropriate  transi@on  relevance  place,  as  signalled  by  Jenny’s  falling  intona@on  at  the  end  of  line  853  •  Sarah’s  laughter  doesn’t  disrupt  the  speaker  or  switch  the  current  conversa@onal  roles  •  Indicates  engagement  with  the  speaker  and  displays  appropriate  affect  

Backchanneling  as  a  Signal  of  Solidarity  

 

658  Anna:    Well  I  mean  it’s  like,  659    Who  raises  you  [you  know]?  660  Jenny:                          [Yeah].  661  Anna:    Like,  662  Jenny:    [Her  last  name]-­‐    663  Anna:    [I  would  never]-­‐  664    I  would  never  call  my  pop  Richard.  665  Jenny:    Yeah.  

•  Anna’s  directed  speech  in  line  659  requires  a  par@cular  response,  which  Jenny  provides  •  Anna  reinforces  the  backchannel  process  by  asking  for  engagement  from  the  listener,  Jenny  •  In  line  665,  Jenny  displays  engagement  with  the  speaker  at  an  appropriate  TRP  by  saying  “Yeah.”  •  In  this  context,  “Yeah”  is  used  as  an  interjec@on  to  display  affect  toward  the  speaker’s  statement  rather  than  taking  a  specific  stance  •  This  displays  a  sense  of  support  and  a?en@on  without  disrup@ng  the  status  quo  of  the  conversa@on  

   It  appears  that  this  friend  group  uses  various  forms  of  backchanneling  during  storytelling  sequences  to  accomplish  a  number  of  goals.  First  and  foremost,  these  backchannels,  which  are  @med  at  appropriate  transi@on  relevance  places,  indicate  ongoing  engagement  with  the  speaker  without  altering  par@cipants’  current  conversa@onal  roles.  Nonlexical  u?erances  such  as  laughter  and  small  phrasal  such  as  “yeah”  or  “oh”,  while  seemingly  small,  serve  to  indicate  engagement  and  a?en@on  without  asser@ng  specific  stances.  Comple@ng  a  friend’s  sentence  displays  understanding  as  well  as  closeness.  Even  clarifica@on  ques@ons,  which  in  these  data  onen  do  not  occur  at  transi@on  relevance  places  but  instead  interrupt  the  flow  of  speech,  serve  to  provide  a  sense  of  a?en@veness.  It  appears  that  within  this  friend  group,  there  is  heavy  importance  placed  on  a?en@veness,  closeness,  and  deference  to  the  conversa@onal  status  quo.