Back to Basics: Common Errors in Quantitation in Everyday...mitral annulus should be measured from...

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1 Rebecca T. Hahn, MD Director of Interventional Echocardiography Columbia University Back to Basics: Common Errors in Quantitation in Everyday Practice Core Lab Director for multiple tricuspid device trials for which I receive no direct compensation: SCOUT Trial TriluminateTrial TriRepair Trial Speaker: Abbott Structural, GE, Philips, Boston Scientific Consultant: Gore&Associates, NaviGATE, Abbott Structural, GE, Philips

Transcript of Back to Basics: Common Errors in Quantitation in Everyday...mitral annulus should be measured from...

Page 1: Back to Basics: Common Errors in Quantitation in Everyday...mitral annulus should be measured from the base of the posterior and anterior leaflets during early to mid‐ diastole 1

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Rebecca T. Hahn, MD

Director of Interventional Echocardiography

Columbia University

Back to Basics: Common Errors in Quantitation in Everyday 

Practice

Core Lab Director for multiple tricuspid device trials for which I receive no direct compensation: SCOUT  Trial TriluminateTrial Tri‐Repair Trial

Speaker:  Abbott Structural, GE, Philips, Boston Scientific

Consultant: Gore&Associates, NaviGATE, Abbott Structural, GE, Philips

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82 yomale, S/P CABG 10 years ago, S/P AVR for severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis 3 months ago, now presents with increasing DOE and 2+ pitting edema x 3 weeks.

Echo in outside hospital reported normal AVR function, mildly reduced LVEF  (50%) and mild MR

On examination: BP = 92/55 mmHg, pulse = 58 bpm Lungs:  decreased breath sounds at the bases with bronchial breath 

sounds in mid lung field, clear in apices Cardiac:  normal S1 with prominent S2.  3/6 high pitched “seagull” type 

early systolic murmur, loudest over the apex but radiating throughout the chest

Extremities:  2+ pitting edema at ankles bilaterally

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Case 1

Vena Contracta = 7.1 mm

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Case 1

Estimated PASP = 51 mmHgEstimated Mean PAP = 37 mmHg 

Case 1

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Case 1

Case 1

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4 Chamber

2 Chamber

3 Chamber

Case 1

1. Mild

2. Moderate

3. Severe

4. Cannot tell (need more information)

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Case 1

MR VTI = 172 cm

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1. Mild

2. Moderate

3. Severe

4. Cannot tell (need more information)

MR PISA radius = 1.1 cmAliasing velocity = 28.8 cm/sMR velocity = 5.4 m/sMR VTI = 172 mmHg

EROA = 40 mm2

Regurgitant volume = 69 cc 

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MV stroke volume = 168 mlLVOT stroke volume = 95 cc

Regurgitant volume = 73 ccEROA = 42 mm2

Regurgitant Volume = 53 cc

Forward (Systolic) Stroke Volume = 83 cc

LVOT = 2.3 cmVTI = 20 cm

Total (Diastolic) Stroke Volume = 145 cc

MV annulus = 3.3 cm

VTI = 16 cm

MV Annulus = 3.3 cm, VTI = 16 cm

Diastolic Stroke Volume = 

[0.785 x (3.3)2] x 16 = 136 cc

2D (Biplane) Stroke volume = 136 cc

2D Regurgitant Volume = 53 cc

LVOT annulus = 2.3 cm, VTI = 20 cm

Forward Stroke Volume =  [0.785 x (2.3)2] 

x 20 = 83 cc

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Assessment of Forward Stroke Volume

Failure to measure the valve annulus properly (error is squared in the formula)

Failure to trace the modal velocity (brightest signal representing laminar flow) of the pulsed Doppler tracing

Failure to position the sample volume correctly, at the level of the annulus

NOT MEASURING ALL COMPONENTS

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The diameter of the mitral annulus should be measured from the base of the posterior and anterior leaflets during early to mid‐diastole

1 frame after the leaflets begin to close after its initial opening

Quiñones MA, et al. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2003;16:777‐802

9.4cm2

MA area (cm2) estimated by dilatation(n=33)

No LVdilatation (n=37)

MA area by 3D planimetry

4Ch diameter (circular) R =0.94, P  0.001 R = 0.90, P  0.001

4Ch / 2Ch diameters (ellipse) R=0.95, P  0.001 R = 0.96, P  0.001

4Ch / CC diameters (ellipse) R = 0.96, P  0.001

4Ch / LAX diameters (ellipse) R = 0.96, P  0.001

LAX / CC diameters (ellipse) R = 0.96, P  0.001 R = 0.98, P  0.001

2Ch / LAX diameters (ellipse) R = 0.91, P  0.001

Hyodo E et al. Eur Heart J CV Imaging (2012) 13, 605–611

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The sample volume is positioned so that in diastole it is at the level of the annulus.

PW flow should be laminar Trace the outer edge of the most 

dense (or brightest) portion of the spectral tracing (ie, the modal velocity) and ignore the dispersion that occurs near peak velocity.

Reduce low velocity filters

Quiñones MA, et al. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2003;16:777‐802

A‐C:  annulus or between tips Lower peak velocities and 

shorter Mdt E decreasing more than A the 

more superior into LA

D: at tips Highest peak velocities

E‐F: in the LV (greater diameter, less laminar flow) Lower peak velocities Spectral broadening  Longer Mdt and longer A 

duration  DiastoleMV Stroke Volume

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Tips MV

1.85 m/s

MV Annulus

1.6 m/s LA1.4 m/s

ZoghbiWA et al. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2017; 30: 303‐371.